Sarcodina

Name

Sarcodea Schmarda, 1871
Sarkodina Hertwig & Lesser, 1874

Classifications

Bütschli (1880–1889)

From Bütschli, O. (1880–1889). Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. I, Sarkodina und Sporozoa, 1880-82 [1]. Abt. III, Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, 1887-89 [2]. C.F. Winter, Leipzig.

Phylum Protozoa

Class Sarkodina
- Subclass Rhizopoda
  - Order Rhizopoda
    - Suborder Amoebaea
- Subclass Heliozoa
  - Order Aphrothoraca

Kudo (1954)

Protozoology, 4th ed., [3].

Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss
- Subphylum 1 Plasmodroma Doflein
  - Class 1 Mastigophora Diesing
  - Class 2 Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
    - Subclass 1 Rhizopoda Siebold
      - Order 1 Proteomyxa Lankester
      - Order 2 Mycetozoa de Bary
      - Order 3 Amoebina Ehrenberg
      - Order 4 Testacea Schultze (Thecamoeba)
      - Order 5 Foraminifera d'Orbigny
    - Subclass 2 Actinopoda Calkins
      - Order 1 Heliozoa Haeckel
      - Order 2 Radiolaria Müller

Honigberg et al. (1964)

In Phylum Protozoa, Subphylum Sarcomastigophora
Superclass Sarcodina

Class Rhizopodea
Class Piroplasmea
Class Actinopodea

Jahn & Bovee (1965), Bovee & Jahn (1965, 1966)

Jahn, T.L. & Bovee, E.C. 1965. Mechanisms of movement in taxonomy of Sarcodina. I. As a basis for a new major dichotomy into two classes, Autotractea and Hydraulea. Am. Mid. Nat. 73:30–40, [4].

Bovee, E.C. & Jahn, T.L. 1965. Mechanisms of movement in taxonomy of Sarcodina. II. The organization of subclasses and orders in relationship to the classes Autotractea and Hydraulea. Am. Midi. Nat. 73:293-298.

Bovee, E.C. & Jahn, T.L. 1966. Mechanisms of movement in taxonomy of Sarcodina. III. Orders, Suborders, Families, and Subfamilies in the Superorder Lobida. Syst. Zool. 15:229-240.

Subphylum Sarcodina

Class Autotractea
- Subclass Actinopodia
  - Order Heliozoida
  - Order Acantharida
- Subclass Filoreticulosia
  - Order Hyporadiolarida
  - Order Radiolarida
  - Order Granuloreticulida
  - Order Filida
Class Hydraulea
- Subclass Cyclia
  - Order Lobida
  - Order Acrasida
- Subclass Alternatia
  - Order Mycetozoida
  - Order Xenophyophorida

Jahn, Bovee & Griffith (1974)

Jahn, T.L., Bovee, E.C., Griffith, D.L., 1974. Taxonomy and evolution of the Sarcodina: a reclassification. Taxon 23, 483–496, [5].

Subphylum Sarcodina

I. Class Autotractea Jahn & Bovee, 1965
- A. Subclass Actinopodia Calkins, 1909
  - 1. Order Heliozoida Haeckel, 1866
  - 2. Order Acantharida Haeckel, 1862
- B. Subclass Filoreticulosia Bovee & Jahn, 1965
  - 1. Order Hyporadiolarida Bovee & Jahn, 1965
  - 2. Order Radiolarida J. Müller, 1858
  - 3. Order Granuloreticulida de Saedeleer, 1934
  - 4. Order Filida Leidy, 1879
II. Class Hydraulea Jahn & Bovee, 1965
- A. Subclass Cyclia Bovee & Jahn, 1965
  - (I). Superorder Lobeda Carpenter, 1861
    - 1. Order Granulopodida Bovee & Jahn, 1966
      - (A). Suborder Tubulina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Amoebidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (nom. corr. Bronn, 1859)
        Amoeba, Chaos, Hydramoeba, Metachaos, and Polychaos
        
        (2). Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg, 1832 (nom. corr. Schulze, 1877)
        a. Subfamily Arcellinea Ehrenberg, 1832 (nom. transl. Vejdovský, 1881, ex family)
        Antarcella, Arcella, and Pyxidicula
        
        b. Subfamily Hyalospheniinae Schulze, 1877 (nom. transl. Jung, 1942, ex family)
        Hyalosphenia, Leptochlamys, and Sexangularia
        
        (3). Family Nebelidae Taránek 1882
        a. Subfamily Nebelinae Taránek, 1882 (nom. transl. Cash & Hopkinson, 1909, ex family; nom. corr. Wailes, 1919)
        Awerintzewia, Heleopera, Lesquereusia, and Nebela
        
        b. Subfamily Quadrulellinae de Saedeleer, 1934
        Quadrulella and Paraquadrula
        
        (4). Family Difflugiidae Wallich, 1864
        a. Subfamily Difflugiinae Wallich, 1864 (nom. corr. Vejdovský, 1881)
        Cucurbitella, Difflugia, Maghrebia, Pentagonina, Pontigulasia, Protocucurbitella, Pseudocucurbitella, and Schwabia
        
        b. Subfamily Centropyxinae Jung, 1942 (nom. transl. Bovee, 1972 ex family)
        Centropyxis, Cyclopyxis, Geopyxella, Oopyxis, and Trigonopyxis
        
        c. Subfamily Plagiopyxinae Bonnet, 1959 (nom. transl. Bovee, 1972, ex family)
        Bullinularia, Hoogenraadia, and Plagiopyxis
        
        (5). Family Microcorycidae de Saedeleer, 1934 (nom. transl. et corr. Deflandre in Grassé, 1953, ex subfamily)
        Amphizonella, Diplochlamys, Microchlamys, Microcorycia, Parmulina, Penardochlamys, and Zonomyxa
      - (B). Suborder Limacina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Pelomyxidae Schulze, 1877
        Pelomyxa and Trichamoeba
        
        (2). Family Saccamoebidae Bovee, 1972 (Saccamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        Saccamoeba
    - 2. Order Hyalopodida Bovee & Jahn, 1966
      - (A). Suborder Eruptina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Hartmannellidae Volkonsky, 1931 (nom. transl. Singh, 1951, ex subfamily)
        a. Subfamily Hartmannellinae Volkonsky, 1931
        Acanthamoeba, Didascalus, Glaeseria, Hartmannella, Hartmannina, Naegleria, Pansporella, Rosculus, Sappinia, Schizopyrenus, and Trimastigamoeba
        
        b. Subfamily Endamoebinae Calkins, 1926 (nom. transl. Chatton in Grassé, 1953, ex family)
        Endamoeba (emd).
      - (B). Suborder Conopodina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Mayorellidae Schaeffer, 1926
        a. Subfamily Mayorellinae Schaeffer, 1926 (nom. transl. Bovee, 1970, ex family)
        Dinamoeba, Flagellipodium, Mayorella, Pontifex, Striolatus, Triaenamoeba, and Vexillifera
        
        b. Subfamily Oscillosigninae Bovee, 1970 (Oscillosigninae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        
        c. Subfamily Phryganellinae Jung, 1942 (nom. transl. Bovee & Jahn, 1967, ex family)
        
        (2). Family Flabellulidae Bovee, 1970 (Flabellulidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        a. Subfamily Flabellulinae Bovee, 1970 (Flabellulinae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        Flabellula and Flamella
        
        b. Subfamily Vannellinae Bovee, 1970 (Vannellinae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        Gibbodiscus, Unda, and Vannella
        
        (3). Family Cochliopodiidae Taránek, 1882
        Cochliopodium and Gocevia
        
        (4). Family Cryptodifflugiidae Jung , 1942
        Cryptodifflugia, Difflugiella, and Wailesella
    - 3. Order Thecida Bovee & Jahn, 1966
      - (A). Suborder Rugina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Thecamoebidae Chatton, 1925
      - (B). Suborder Striatina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Striamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, fam. nov. (Striamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        Rugipes, Platyamoeba and Striamoeba
      - (C). Suborder Discina Bovee & Jahn, 1966
        (1). Family Discamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, fam. nov. (Discamoebidae Bovee & Jahn, 1967, p. 65, nom. nud.)
        Discamoeba Bovee, new genus
  - (II). Superorder Acrasida Schröter, 1889
- B. Subclass Alternatia Bovee & Jahn, 1965
  - 1. Order Mycetozoida de Bary, 1859
  - 2. Order Xenophyophorida Schulze, 1904

Lee et al. (1985)

From J.J. Lee, S.H. Hutner and E.C. Bovee, (eds.), An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa, Society of Protozoologists, 1st ed., 1985. See Fernández-Galiano, 1990, [6].

Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818) von Siebold, 1846

Phylum Sarcomastigophora Honigberg & Balamuth, 1963

Subphylum Mastigophora Diesing, 1866
Subphylum Sarcodina Schmarda, 1871

Superclass Rhizopodea von Siebold, 1845

Class Lobosea Carpenter, 1861
Class Acarpomyxea Page, 1976
(Class Acrasea Schroter, 1886)
Class Mycetozoea de Bary, 1859
(Class Plasmodiophorea Cook, 1928)
Class Filosea Leidy, 1879
Class Granuloreticulosea de Saedeler, 1934
(Class Xenophyophorea Schulze, 1904)

Superclass Actinopodea Calkins, 1902

Class Acantharea Haeckel, 1881
Class Polycystina (Ehrenberg, 1838) Riedel, 1967
Class Phaeodarea Haeckel, 1879
Class Heliozoea Haeckel, 1866

Lee et al. (2000)

From Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. (2002, dated 2000). An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A: Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press; 2nd ed., vol. 1, vol. 2. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [7].

"protozoa" [p. iv]

"ameboid protists"
- Acantharia (e.g., Acanthometra, Stauracantha)
- "amoebae of uncertain affinities" (e.g., Malamoeba, Endamoeba, Entamoeba) [see Incertae sedis Eukaryota]
- Arcellinida (e.g., Arcella, Difflugia)
- Heliozoa (sun animacules)
- Granuloreticulosea (e.g., Foraminifera) [see Granuloreticulosa]
- Mycetozoa (slime molds)
- Phaeodaria (e.g., Aulacantha, Challengeria) [see Phaeodarea]
- Polycystina (e.g., Thalassicolla, Collozoum)
- "ramicristate amoebae" (e.g., Amoeba, Mayorella, Vexillifera) [see "gymnamoebae"]
- Schizocladidae (e.g., Schizocladus)
- "testate amoebae with filipodia" (e.g., Euglypha, Amphitrema) [see Testaceafilosia]
- Trichosidae (e.g., Trichosphaerium)
- Xenophyophorea (e.g., xenophyophores)
"ameboid & flagellated protists"
- Pelobiontida (e.g., Pelomyxa, Mastigella)
- Heterolobosea (e.g., Vahlkampfia, Tetramitus)

Cavalier-Smith, 2002

Cavalier-Smith T., 2002. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002 Mar;52(Pt 2):297-354, DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-297.

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphylum: Sarcodina

Siemensma (2016)

Siemensma, F. J. 2016. Microworld, world of amoeboid organisms. World-wide electronic publication, Kortenhoef, the Netherlands. http://www.arcella.nl; searched on 17 February, 2016.

"amoeboid organisms"

Amoebozoa
- Lobosa
  - Tubulinea
  - Discosea
- Conosa, in part
  - Variosea
  - Archamoebae
Rhizaria
- Cercozoa, in part
  - Imbricatea, in part
    - Euglyphida
    - Perlofilida
  - Thecofilosea, in part
  - Granofilosea
  - Vampyrellida
- Retaria, in part
  - Foraminifera
Stramenopiles, in part
Excavata, in part
- Heterolobosea
Hacrobia, in part
- Centrohelea
- Endohelea
Opisthokonta: Nucletmycea, in part
- Nuclearia

References

Hertwig, R. & Lesser, E. (1874). Ueber Rhizopoden und denselben nahestehende Organismen. Arch. Mikroskop. Anat. (Suppl.) 10: 35–243. [8].
Schmarda, L. K. (1871). Zoologie. Wien: W. Braumüller, [9].

Vernacular names

čeština: Kořenonožci
Deutsch: Wurzelfüßer
English: Amoeboid
español: Rizópodo
eesti: Juurjalgsed
euskara: Rhizopoda
français: Rhizopoda
日本語: 肉質虫
한국어: 육질충류
lietuvių: Ameboidai
Nederlands: Wortelpotigen
polski: Korzenionóżki
română: Sarcodine
русский: Корненожки
svenska: Amöbadjur
Türkçe: Kökbacaklılar
Tiếng Việt: Trùng chân giả