Hacrobia

This taxon is (or may be) polyphyletic

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Hacrobia
Phyla: Cryptophyta – Katablepharidophyta – Haptophyta – Heliozoa

Name

Hacrobia Okamoto et al., 2009

References

Okamoto, N. & Inoye, I. 2005. The Katablepharids are a distant sister group of the Cryptophyta: a proposal for Katablepharidophyta divisio nova/Katablepharida phylum novum based on SSU rDNA and beta-tubulin phylogeny. Protist 156(2): 163–179. DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2004.12.003 Reference page.

Vernacular names

English: Hacrobian
français: Hacrobies

Alternative classifications

Okamoto et al. (2009)

Okamoto, N., Chantangsi, C., Horák, A., Leander, B.S., Keeling, P.J. 2009. Molecular phylogeny and description of the novel katablepharid Roombia truncata gen. et sp. nov., and establishment of the Hacrobia taxon nov. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7080 [1–11]. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007080 Reference page.

Eukaryota
- Hacrobia
  - Kathablepharida
  - Cryptophyta
  - Biliphyta [?]
  - Telonemida
  - Centrohelida
  - Haptophyta

Pugachev et al. (2011)

Pugachev, O. N. ed. (О.Н. Пугачев). 2011. Protista 3: Guide-book on zoology. (Протисты 3: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: KMK Scientific Press, 474 pp. (in Russian, with English summaries), [1].

Protists (Eukaryota)

Hacrobia
- Haptophyta
- Centrohelida Kühn, 1926
- Kathablepharida Okamoto & Inouye, 2005
- Cryptophyta

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114 .] Reference page.

Superkingdom Prokaryota
- Kingdom Archaea [= Archaebacteria]
- Kingdom Bacteria [= Eubacteria]
Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Protozoa
  - Subkingdom Eozoa
    - Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
    - Infrakingdom Excavata
  - Subkingdom Sarcomastigota
    - Phylum Amoebozoa
    - Phylum Choanozoa [with Microsporidia, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup Opisthokonta"]
    - Phylum Microsporidia [with Choanozoa, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup Opisthokonta"]
    - Phylum Sulcozoa
- Kingdom Chromista
  - Subkingdom Hacrobia
    - Phylum N.N.
      - Class Endohelea
        Order Heliomonadida
        
        Order Microhelida
      - Class Picomonadea
        Order Picomonadida
      - Class Telonemea
        Order Telonemida
    - Phylum Cryptista
      - Subphylum Palpitia
        Class Palpitea
      - Subphylum Rollomonadia
        Class Cryptophyceae
        Order Cryptomonadales
        
        Order Pyrenomonadales
        
        Order Tetragonidiales
        
        Class Goniomonadea
        Order Goniomonadida
        
        Class Leucocryptea
        Order Katablepharida
        
        Order Palpitida
    - Phylum Haptophyta
      - Class Coccolithophyceae [= Prymnesiophyceae]
        Order Coccolithales
        
        Order Coccosphaerales
        
        Order Isochrysidales
        
        Order Phaeocystales
        
        Order Prymnesiales
        
        Order Syracosphaerales
        
        Order Zygodiscales
      - Class Pavlovophyceae
        Order Pavlovales
    - Phylum Heliozoa
      - Class Centrohelea
        Order Acanthocystida
        
        Order Pterocystida
  - Subkingdom Harosa [= "Supergroup SAR"]
    - Infrakingdom Halvaria
      - Superphylum Alveolata
      - Superphylum Heterokonta [= "Supergroup Stramenopiles"]
    - Infrakingdom Rhizaria
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
- Kingdom Animalia

Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015)

Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E. & Lewis, R. 2015. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 331–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004 Reference page.

Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981

Subkingdom 1. Hacrobia Okamoto et al. ex Cavalier-Smith, 2010 and Cavalier-Smith, 2010
- Phylum 1. Haptista Cavalier-Smith phyl. n. (originally infrakingdom)
  - Subphylum 1. Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n. (compositionally identical to phylum Haptophyta Hibberd ex Cavalier-Smith, 1986
    - Class 1. Coccolithophyceae Casper, 1972 ex Rothmaler, 1951 (=Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd em. Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996a and Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996b) (e.g. Emiliania, Isochrysis, Prymnesium)
    - Class 2. Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1986 (e.g. Diacronema, Pavlova)
    - Class 3. Rappephyceae Cavalier-Smith cl. n. (Diagnosis: rappemonads: plastid-bearing sisters of Coccolithophyceae plus Pavlovophyceae)
  - Subphylum 2. Heliozoa Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
    - Class Centrohelea Kühn, 1926 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (e.g. Oxnerella, Polyplacocystis, Acanthocystis, Raphidiophrys) (= unranked Centroheliozoa: Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987a and Dürrschmidt and Patterson, 1987b)
- Phylum 2. Cryptista Cavalier-Smith, 1989 em.
  - Subphylum 1. Rollomonadia Cavalier-Smith (2013)
    - Superclass 1. Cryptomonada Cavalier-Smith, 2004 (as subphylum) stat. n.
      - Class 1. Cryptophyceae Fritsch in West and Fritsch, 1927 (e.g. Guillardia)
      - Class 2. Goniomonadea Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (Goniomonas)
    - Superclass 2. Leucocrypta Cavalier-Smith supercl. n. (Diagnosis: as for subphylum Leucocrypta and class Leucocryptea in Cavalier-Smith (2004) p. 77)
      - Class Leucocryptea Cavalier-Smith, 2004
        Order Kathablepharida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (e.g. Kathablepharis, Roombia)
  - Subphylum 2. Palpitia Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2012
    - Class Palpitea Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith and Chao, 2012 (Palpitomonas)
  - Subphylum 3. Corbihelia Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
    - Superclass 1. Endohelia Cavalier-Smith supercl. n.
      - Class Endohelea Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al., 2012
        Order 1. Microhelida Cavalier-Smith in Yabuki et al., 2012 (Microheliella)
        
        Order 2. Heliomonadida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 em. 2012 (Heliomorpha)
    - Superclass 2. Corbistoma Cavalier-Smith supercl. n.
      - Class 1. Picomonadea Seenivasan et al., 2013
        Order Picomonadida Seenivasan et al., 2013 (Picomonas)
      - Class 2. Telonemea Cavalier-Smith, 1993
        Order Telonemida Cavalier-Smith, 1993 (Telonema, Lateronema)
Subkingdom 2. Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b
- Infrakingdom 1. Halvaria Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b
  - Superphylum 1. Heterokonta Cavalier-Smith, 1981 (=stramenopiles)
    - Phyla Ochrophyta, Pseudofungi, Bigyra
  - Superphylum 2. Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991 stat. n. 2013
    - Phyla Miozoa (Subphyla Protalveolata and Myzozoa (infraphyla Dinozoa and Apicomplexa)) and Ciliophora
- Infrakingdom 2. Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith, 2002a and Cavalier-Smith, 2002b
  - Phyla Cercozoa and Retaria