Haptophyta

Coccolithus pelagicus

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: Haptista
Cladus: Haptophyta
Classes: Pavlovophyceae – Prymnesiophyceae – Rappephyceae – Haptophyta incertae sedis

Name

Haptophyta D.J. Hibberd ex B. Edvardsen & W. Eikrem, 2000

Synonyms or similar groups

• Coccosphaerales Haeckel, 1894
• Coccolithophoridae Lohmann, 1902
• Coccolithophorales Lemmermann, 1908
• Coccolithineae Kamptner, 1928; Schiller, 1930
• Coccolithales Schwarz, 1932
• Coccolithophyceae Rothmaler, 1951
• Haptophyceae Christensen, 1962 ex Silva, 1980
• Prymnesiophyceae Casper, 1972, ex Hibberd, 1976
• Prymnesiophyta Hibberd, 1976
• Prymnesiida Levine et al., 1980 [?]
• Haptomonadida Corliss in Parker, 1982
• Prymnesiomonadida O.R. Anderson, 1988 [?]
• Haptomonada Cavalier-Smith, 1989 [1990]
• Prymnesiomonada Hausmann & Hülsmann, 1996 [?]
• Haptista Cavalier-Smith et al., 2015

References

• Chrétiennot-Dinet, M.-J.; Desreumaux, N.; Vignes-Lebbe, R. 2014: An interactive key to the Chrysochromulina species (Haptophyta) described in the literature. PhytoKeys, 34: 47–60. DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.34.6242 Reference page. 
• Eikrem, W.; Medlin, L.K.; Henderiks, J.; Rokitta, S.; Rost, B.; Probert, I.; Throndsen, J.; Edvardsen, B. (2017). Haptophyta. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-61. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_38-2
• Green, J.C. & Jordan, R.W. (1994). Systematic history and taxonomy. In: Green, J.C. & Leadbeater, B.S.C. (eds.) The haptophyte algae. Clarendon Press, Oxford: 1–21.

Links

• Haptophyta in the World Register of Marine Species

Vernacular names

Deutsch: Haptophyten
eesti: Haptofüüdid, Prümnesiofüüdid
français: Haptophytes
magyar: Haptofiták, mészmoszatok
日本語: ハプト植物門

For more multimedia, look at Haptophyta on Wikimedia Commons.

Alternative classifications

Hibberd (1972)

Hibberd D.J., 1972. Chrysophyta: definition and interpretation. British Phycological Journal 7: 281, [1].

Chromophyta

• Division Haptophyta

Round (1973)

The biology of the algae, 2n ed., [2].

"Algae"

• Eucaryota (Caryonta, Plantae euplastidae)
  • Phylum Haptophyta

Parke & Dixon (1976)

Parke, M. & Dixon, P.S. (1976). Check-list of British marine algae - third revision. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 56: 527–594.

Haptophyta

• Haptophyceae
  • Isochrysidales
    • Isochrysidaceae
    • Gephyrocapsaceae
    • Hymenomonadaceae
    • Ochrosphaeraceae
  • Prymnesiales
    • Prymnesiaceae
    • Phaeocystaceae
  • Coccosphaerales
    • Zygosphaeraceae
    • Calciosoleniaceae
    • Pontosphaeraceae
    • Halopappaceae
    • Helicosphaeraceae
    • Coccolithaceae
    • Rhabdosphaeraceae
    • Braarudosphaeraceae
  • Pavlovales
    • Pavlovaceae

Christensen (1980)

Christensen, T., 1980. Algae: a taxonomic survey. Fasc. 1. Odense: Aio Tryk as.

• Haptophyta
  • Prymnesiophyceae
    • Prymnesiales
      • Prymnesiaceae
      • Phaeocystaceae
      • Chrysotilaceae
      • Gloeothamniaceae
      • Pavlovaceae
      • Coccolithophorids included in 3 families
      • Thoracosphaeraceae
      • Braarudosphaeraceae
      • Ceratolithaceae

Tappan (1980)

Tappan, H. N. (1980). The paleobiology of plant protists. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, [3].

• Haptophyta
  • Coccolithophyceae
    • Isochrysidales
      • Gephyrocapsaceae
      • Isochrysidaceae
      • Hymenomonadaceae
      • Ochrosphaeraceae
      • Thoracosphaeraceae [?]
    • Prymnesiales
      • Prymnesiaceae
      • Phaeocystaceae
    • Coccolithoporids distributed between 6 orders and 36 families
    • Pavlovales
      • Pavlovaceae

Cavalier-Smith (1986)

Cavalier-Smith, T. (1986). The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics. In: Round, F.E. and Chapman, D.J. (eds.). Progress in Phycological Research. 4: 309–347, [4].

Kingdom Chromista

• Subkingdom Chromophyta
  • Phylum Haptophyta

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla.

Empire Eukaryota

• Kingdom Chromista
  • Subkingdom Euchromista
    • Infrakingdom Chromobionta
      • Phylum Haptophyta Hibberd ex Cavalier-Smith, 1986
        • Class Patelliferea
          • Order Isochrysidales
          • Order Prymnesiales
          • Order Coccosphaerales
        • Class Pavlovea
          • Order Pavlovales

Jordan & Green (1994)

Jordan, R.W. & Green, J.C. (1994). A check-list of the extant Haptophyceae of the world. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74: 149–174.

Division Haptophyta

• Class Prymnesiophyceae
  • Subclass Prymnesiophycidae
    • Order Prymnesiales
      • Family Isochrysidaceae
      • Family Noëlaerhabdaceae
      • Family Phaeocystaceae
      • Coccolithoporids distributed between 12 families
  • Subclass Pavlovophycidae
    • Order Pavlovales
      • Family Pavlovaceae

van den Hoek et al. (1995)

Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D.G. & Jahns, H.M. (1995). Algae An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, [5].

"Algae"

• Division Haptophyta (= Prymnesiophyta)
  • Class Haptophyceae
    • Order Prymnesiales (e.g., Chrysochromulina, Prymnesium, Corymbellus, Phaeocystis)
    • Order Isochrysidales (e.g., Chrysotila, Pleurochrysis, Hymenomonas)
    • Order Coccolithophorales (e.g., Emiliania, Syracosphaera, Discosphaera)
    • Order Pavlovales (e.g., Pavlova)

Edvardsen et al. (2000)

Edvardsen, B., Eikrem, W., Green, J. C., Andersen, R. A., Moon-van der Staay, S. Y., & Medlin, L. K. (2000). Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data. Phycologia, 39(1), 19-35, [6].

Division Haptophyta Hibberd ex Edvardsen et Eikrem

• Class Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith (Green et Medlin) ('Pavlovidae')
  • Order Pavlovales Green, 1976
    • Family Pavlovaceae Green, 1976
• Class Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd, 1976 emend. CavalierSmith, 1996
  • Order Phaeocystales Medlin ord. nov.
    • Family Phaeocystaceae Lagerheim, 1896
  • Order Prymnesiales Papenfuss, 1955 emend. Edvardsen et Eikrem
    • Family Prymnesiaceae Conrad ex. O.C. Schmidt, 1931
  • Order Isochrysidales Pascher, 1910 emend. Edvardsen et Eikrem
    • Family Isochrysidaceae Bourrelly, 1957 emend. Edvardsen et Eikrem
    • Family Noelaerhabdaceae Jerkovic, 1970
  • Order Coccolithales E. Schwarz, 1932, ('Coccolithinales') emend. Edvardsen et Eikrem
    • Family Pleurochrysidaceae Fresnel et Billatd, 1991
    • Family Coccolithaceae Poche, 1913 ( 'Coccolithidae')
    • Family Reticulosphaeraceae Cavalier Smith, 1996

Jordan et al. (2004)

Jordan, R. W., Cros, L., & Young, J. R. (2004). A revised classification scheme for living haptophytes. Micropaleontology, 55-79, [7].

Division Haptophyta Hibberd 1972 ex Edvardsen and Eikrem in Edvardsen et al. 2000

• Class Pavlovophyceae (Cavalier-Smith 1986) Green and Medlin in Edvardsen et al. 2000
  • Subclass Pavlovophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986
    • Order Pavlovales Green 1976a
      • Family Pavlovaceae Green 1976a
• Class Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd 1976; emend. Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith et al. 1996
  • Subclass Prymnesiophycidae Cavalier-Smith 1986
    • Order Coccolithales Schwarz 1932; emend. Edvardsen and Eikrem in Edvardsen et al. 2000
      • Family Calcidiscaceae Young and Bown 1997
      • Family Coccolithaceae Poche 1913; emend. Young and Bown 1997
      • Family Hymenomonadaceae Senn 1900
      • Family Pleurochrysidaceae Fresnel and Billiard 1991
    • Order Isochrysidales Pascher 1910; emend. Edvardsen and Eikrem in Edvardsen et al. 2000
      • Family Isochrysidaceae Bourrelly 1957; emend. Edvardsen and Eikrem in Edvardsen et al. 2000
      • Family Noëlaerhabdaceae Jerkovic 1970; emend. Young and Bown 1997
    • Order Phaeocystales Medlin in Edvardsen et al. 2000
      • Family Phaeocystaceae Lagerheim 1896
    • Order Prymnesiales Papenfuss 1955; emend. Edvardsen and Eikrem in Edvardsen et al. 2000
      • Family Prymnesiaceae Conrad 1926 ex Schmidt 1931
    • Order Syracosphaerales Hay 1977; emend. Young et al. 2003
      • Family Calciosoleniaceae Kamptner 1937
      • Family Rhabdosphaeraceae Haeckel 1894
      • Family Syracosphaeraceae (Lohmann 1902) Lemmermann 1903
    • Families with possible affinities to the Syracosphaerales
      • Family Alisphaeraceae Young, Kleijne and Cros in Young et al. 2003
      • Family Papposphaeraceae Jordan and Young 1990
      • Family Umbellosphaeraceae Young and Kleijne in Young et al. 2003
    • Order Zygodiscales Young and Bown 1997
      • Family Helicosphaeraceae Black 1971; emend. Jafar and Martini 1975
      • Family Pontosphaeraceae Lemmermann 1908
  • Holococcolith-bearing taxa formerly belonging to the Family Calyptrosphaeraceae Boudreaux and Hay 1969
  • Nannolith-bearing families
    • Family Braarudosphaeraceae Deflandre 1947
    • Family Ceratolithaceae Norris 1965
• Family of doubtful haptophyte affinity
  • Family Reticulosphaeraceae Cavalier-Smith in Cavalier-Smith et al. 1996 (98)

Adl et al. (2012)

• Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page. 

Incertae sedis Eukaryota

• Haptophyta Hibberd 1976, emend. Edvardsen & Eikrem 2000
  • Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith 1986, emend. Green & Medlin 2000
    • Diacronema, Exanthemachrysis, Pavlova
  • Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd 1976
    • Prymnesiales Papenfuss 1955
      • Chrysochromulina, Prymnesium
    • Phaeocystis Lagerheim 1893 (Phaeocystales Medlin 2000)
    • Isochrysidales Pascher 1910
      • Emiliania, Gephyrocapsa, Isochrysis
    • Coccolithales Schwarz 1932
      • Balaniger, Calciosolenia, Coccolithus, Hymenomonas, Pleurochrysis, Reticulosphaera, Wigwamma

Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015)

• Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E. & Lewis, R. 2015. Multiple origins of Heliozoa from flagellate ancestors: New cryptist subphylum Corbihelia, superclass Corbistoma, and monophyly of Haptista, Cryptista, Hacrobia and Chromista. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 93: 331–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.004 Reference page. 

Kingdom Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981

• Subkingdom 1. Hacrobia Okamoto et al. ex Cavalier-Smith, 2010 and Cavalier-Smith, 2010
  • Phylum 1. Haptista Cavalier-Smith phyl. n. (originally infrakingdom)
    • Subphylum 1. Haptophytina Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n. (compositionally identical to phylum Haptophyta Hibberd ex Cavalier-Smith, 1986
      • Class 1. Coccolithophyceae Casper, 1972 ex Rothmaler, 1951 (=Prymnesiophyceae Hibberd em. Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996a and Cavalier-Smith et al., 1996b) (e.g. Emiliania, Isochrysis, Prymnesium)
      • Class 2. Pavlovophyceae Cavalier-Smith, 1986 (e.g. Diacronema, Pavlova)
      • Class 3. Rappephyceae Cavalier-Smith cl. n. (Diagnosis: rappemonads: plastid-bearing sisters of Coccolithophyceae plus Pavlovophyceae)
    • Subphylum 2. Heliozoa Cavalier-Smith subphyl. n.
  • Phylum 2. Cryptista Cavalier-Smith, 1989 em.
• Subkingdom 2. Harosa Cavalier-Smith, 2010a and Cavalier-Smith, 2010b