The status, affinity, scope or nomenclature of this taxon is disputed.

Please see discussion on the talk page.


Taxonavigation

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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Bikonta
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Regni et Divisiones: Glaucophyta - Viridiplantae - Rhodophyta

[Note: this page is about Archaeplastida (= Plantae sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1981, 1998). For other uses of Plantae, see:

Name

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Archaeplastida Adl et al., 2005

Synonyms

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  • Plantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981
  • Primoplastobiota Reviers, 2002
  • Primoplantae Palmer et al., 2004

Classifications

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Cavalier-Smith (1981)

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Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine?. Biosystems, 14(3), 461-481, [1].

Nine eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 462]

  • Superkingdom Eukaryota
    • Kingdom 1. Eufungi
    • Kingdom 2. Ciliofungi
    • Kingdom 3. Animalia
    • Kingdom 4. Biliphyta
    • Kingdom 5. Viridiplantae
    • Kingdom 6. Euglenozoa
    • Kingdom 7. Protozoa
    • Kingdom 8. Cryptophyta
    • Kingdom 9. Chromophyta


Five eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 476-477]

  • Superkingdom Eukaryota
    • Kingdom 1. Fungi (Ciliofungi + Eufungi)
    • Kingdom 2. Chromista (Cryptophyta + Chromophyta)
    • Kingdom 3. Plantae (Viridiplantae + Biliphyta)
    • Kingdom 4. Protista (Euglenozoa + Protozoa)
    • Kingdom 5. Animalia


Seven eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 478]

  • Superkingdom Eukaryota
    • Kingdom Fungi
    • Kingdom Viridiplantae
      • Phylum Chlorophyta
      • Phylum Bryophyta
      • Phylum Tracheophyta
    • Kingdom Biliphyta
      • Phylum Biliphyta
        • Class Rhodophyceae
        • Class Glaocophyceae
    • Kingdom Chromista
    • Kingdom Animalia
    • Kingdom Euglenozoa
    • Kingdom Protozoa

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

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From A revised six-kingdom system of life, [2].

Empire or Superkingdom Eukaryota

  • Kingdom Plantae Haeckel 1866 em. Cavalier-Smith 1981
    • Subkingdom 1. Biliphyta Cavalier-Smith 1981 [probably paraphyletic]
      • Infrakingdom 1. Glaucophyta infraking. nov.
      • Infrakingdom 2. Rhodophyta infraking. nov.
    • Subkingdom 2. Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981
      • Infrakingdom 1. Chlorophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993
      • Infrakingdom 2. Cormophyta Endlicher 1836 stat. nov.
        • Phylum 1. Bryophyta Endlicher 1836 stat. nov.
        • Phylum 2. Tracheophyta Sinnott 1935 phyl. nov

Reviers (2002-2003)

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Reviers, B. de (2002-2003). Biologie et phylogénie des algues. Tome 1, 352 p. Tome 2, 255 p. Paris: Belin.

Eukaryota [see Algae]

Adl et al., (2005)

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Eukaryota

  • Archaeplastida
    • Glaucophyta Skuja, 1954 [Glaucocystophyta Kies and Kremer, 1986]
    • Rhodophyceae Thuret, 1855, emend. Rabenhorst, 1863, emend. Adl et al., 2005 [Rhodophyta Wettstein, 1901; Rhodoplantae Saunders and Hommersand, 2004]
    • Chloroplastida Adl et al., 2005 [Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981; Chlorobionta Jeffrey, 1982, emend. Bremer, 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt, 2004; Chlorobiota Kendrick and Crane, 1997]

Adl et al. (2012)

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Eukaryota

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

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Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [3].

Kadereit et al. (2014)

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Kadereit, J.W., Körner, C., Kost, B., Sonnewald, U. (2014). Strasburger – Lehrbuch der Pflanzenwissenschaften. 37. Aufl. Springer Spektrum, [4].

Eukaryotes

Boudouresque (2015)

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Boudouresque, C. F. (2015). Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Unicellular Eukaryotes. In: Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications (pp. 191-257). Springer: Netherlands, [5].

Eukaryotes

Yazaki et al. (2022)

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Yazaki, E., Yabuki, A., Imaizumi, A., Kume, K., Hashimoto, T. & Inagaki, Y. 2022. The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris. Open Biology 12(4): 210376 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210376 Preview (PDF).

Eukaryota

References

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