Plantae (L.)
Taxonavigation
editMain Page
Regni Animalia - Plantae
[Note: this page is about Plantae sensu Linnaeus and similar polyphyletic taxa. For other uses of Plantae, see:
- Archaeplastida or Plantae (= Plantae sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1981, 1998)
- Viridiplantae (= Plantae sensu Copeland, 1938, 1956)
- Embryophyta (= Plantae sensu Margulis, 1971).]
Name
editPlantae (L.)
Classifications
editCaesalpino (1583)
editDe plantis libri XVI, [1], [2], [3].
- Arbores et frutices.
- I. Corde ex apice seminis. Seminibus saepius solitariis (e.g. Quercus, Fagus, Ulmus, Tilia, Laurus, Prunus).
- II. Corde e basi seminis, seminibus pluribus (e.g. Ficus, Cactus, Morus, Rosa, Vitis, Salix, Coniferae, etc.).
- Suffrutices et herbae.
- III. Solitariis seminibus. Semine in fructibus unico (e.g. Valeriana, Daphne, Urtica, Cyperus, Gramineae).
- IV. Solitariis pericarpiis. Seminibus in fructu pluribus, quibus est conceptaculum carnosum, bacca aut pomum (e.g. Cucurbitaceae, Solaneae, Asparagus, Ruscus, Arum).
- V. Solitariis vasculis. Seminibus in fructu pluribus quibus est conceptaculum e sicca materia (e.g. various Leguminosae, Caryophylleae, Gentianeae, etc.).
- VI. Binis seminibus. Semina sub singulo flosculo invicem conjuncta, ut unicum videantur ante maturitatem ; cor in parte superiore, qua flos insidet. Flores in umbella (Umbelliferae).
- VII. Binis conceptaculis (e.g. Mercurialis, Poterium, Galium, Orobanche, Hyoscyamus, Nicotiana, Cruciferae).
- VIII. Triplici principio (ovary) non bulbosae. Semina trifariam distributa; corde infra sito, radix non bulbosa (e.g. Thalictrum, Euphorbia, Convolvulus, Viola).
- IX. Triplici principio bulbosae. Semina trifariam distributa; corde infra sito, radix bulbosa (Large-flowered Monocotyledons).
- X. Quaternis seminibus. Semina quatuor nuda in communi sede (Boragineae and Labiatae).
- XI. Pluribus seminibus, anthemides. Semina nuda plurima, cor seminis interius vergens; flos communis distributus per partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae only).
- XII. Pluribus seminibus, cichoraceae aut acanaceae. Semina nuda plurima, cor seminis inferius vergens, flos communis distributus per partes in apicibus singuli seminis (Compositae, Eryngium, and Scabiosa).
- XIII. Pluribus seminibus, More communi. Semina solitaria plurima, corde interius; flos communis, non distributus, inferius circa fructum (e. g. Ranunculus, Alisma, Sanicula, Geranium, Linum).
- XIV. Pluribus folliculis. Semina plura in singulo folliculo (e.g. Oxalis, Gossypium, Aristolochia, Capparis, Nymphaea, Veratrum, etc.).
- XV. Flore fructuque carentes (Filices, Equiseta, Musci, including Corals, Fungi).
Bauhin (1623)
editPinax theatri botanici, 1623. See Wikisource, [4].
Ray (1682)
editMethodus plantarum nova, [5].
Plantarum [p. 24]
- Arbores [p. 28]
- Pomiferae
- Pruniferae
- Bacciferae
- Coniferae
- Nuciferae
- Lanigerae
- Siliquosae
- Variae seu miscellaneae
- Frutices [p. 43]
- Herbae [p. 56]
- Imperfectae
- Perfectiores
Ray (1686–1704)
editHistoria Plantarum, 3 vols., [6].
Plantarum
- Herbarum [p. 59-1348]
- Arborum & fruticum [p. 1349-1839]
Hermann (1690)
editFlorae lugduno-batavi flores, [7].
- Plantae angiopolyspermae
- Plantae umbellatae
- Plantae angiomonospermae
- Plantae angiomonospermis
- Plantae pappescentes & lactescentes
- Plantae pappescentes non lactescentes
- Plantae capitatae
- Plantae seminibus solidis
- Plantae corymbiferae
- Plantae seminibus solidis & floribus pluribus
- Plantae stellatae
- Plantae asperiofoliae
- Plantae verticillatae
- Plantae verticillatis affines
- Plantae unicapsulares
- Plantae bicapsulares
- Plantae tricapsulares
- Plantae quadricapsulares
- Plantae quinquecapsulares
- Plantae multicapsulares
- Plantae multisiliquae
- Plantae siliquosae
- Plantae capsulatae
- Plantae siliquosae bicapsulares
- Plantae siliquosae fungosae
- Plantae leguminosae
- Plantae leguminosae siliquosae bicapsulares
- Plantae tricapsulares
- Plantae bacciferae
- Plantae pomiferae
Tournefort (1694)
editÉlémens de botanique, vol. 1, vol. 2 vol. 3. See also Tournefort (1700), [8], Linnaeus (1738), [9] and Le Maout (1852), [10].
Plantes [vol. 1, pp. xxi-xxii]
- Classe I. Campaniformes
- Classe II. Infundibuliformes
- Classe III. Personnées
- Classe IV. Labiées
- Classe V. Cruciformes
- Classe VI. Rosacées
- Classe VII. Ombellifères
- Classe VIII. Caryophyllées
- Classe IX. Liliacées
- Classe X. Papilionacées
- Classe XI. Anomales
- Classe XII. Flosculeuses
- Classe XIII. Demi-flosculeuses
- Classe XIV. Radiées
- Classe XV. A étamines
- Classe XVI. Sans fleurs
- Classe XVII. Sans fleurs ni fruits
- Classe XVIII. Apétales
- Classe XIX. Amentacées
- Classe XX. Monopétales
- Classe XXI. Rosasées
- Classe XXII. Papilionacées
Ray (1703)
editMethodus plantarum emendata et aucta, [11], [12].
Ordo summorum generum in plantis [pp. xxiii-xxvi]
- Summa herbarum & suffruticum genera
- Summa arborum & fruticum genera
Planta sunt vel [p. 2]
- Flore destituta
- Florifera
- Dicotyledones
- Monocotyledones
Linnaeus (1735)
editSystema Naturae, 1st ed., [13].
Regnum vegetabile
- Nuptiae plantarum
- Publicae
- Monoclinia
- Diffinitas
- Indifferentismus
- I. Monandria (Monogynia, Digynia)
- II. Diandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia)
- III. Triandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia)
- IV. Tetrandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Tetragynia)
- V. Pentandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Pentagynia, Polygynia)
- VI. Hexandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Polygynia)
- VII. Heptandria (Monogynia)
- VIII. Octandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Polygynia)
- IX. Enneandria (Monogynia, Trigynia, Hexagynia)
- X. Decandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Pentagynia, Decagynia)
- XI. Dodecandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Polygynia)
- XII. Icosandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Pentagynia, Polygynia)
- XIII. Polyandria (Monogynia, Digynia, Trigynia, Tetragynia, Pentagynia, Hexagynia, Polygynia)
- Subordinatio
- XIV. Didynamia (Gymnospermia, Angiospermia, Polypetala)
- XV. Tetradynamia (Siliculosa, Siliquosa)
- Indifferentismus
- Affinitas
- XVI. Monadelphia (Pentandria, Decandria, Polyandria)
- XVII. Diadelphia (Hexandria, Octandria, Decandria)
- XVIII. Polyadelphia (Pentandria, Icosandria, Polyandria)
- XXIV. Syngenesia (Polygamia aequalis, Polygamia superflua, Polygamia frustranea, Polygamia necessaria, Monogamia)
- XX. Gynandria (Diandria, Triandria, Tetrandia, Pentandria, Hexandria, Decandria, Polyandria)
- Diffinitas
- Diclinia
- XXI. Monoecia (Monandria, Triandria, Tetrandia, Pentandria, Hexandria, Polyandria, Monadelphia, Polyadelphia, Syngenesia)
- XXII. Dioecia (Didandria, Triandria, Tetrandia, Pentandria, Hexandria, Octandria, Enneandria, Decandria, Icosandria, Polyandria, Monadelphia, Syngenesia, Gynandria)
- XXIII. Polygamia (Monoecia, Dioecia, Trioecia)
- Monoclinia
- Clandestinae
- XXIV. Cryptogamia (Arbores, Filices, Musci, Algae, Fungi, Lithophyta)
- Publicae
[Note: similar classifications were used in Species Plantarum, 1st ed., [14], and Genera Plantarum, 5th ed., [15]. See Sexualsystem der Pflanzen.]
Linnaeus (1751)
editPhilosophia botanica, 1st ed., [16]. 4th ed., 1809, [17]. See Lindley (1846), [18], Rendle (1904), [19].
Vegetabilia, Plantae [p. 27, 37]
- 1. Piperitae
- 2. Palmae
- 3. Scitamina
- 4. Orchideae
- 5. Ensatae
- 6. Tripetalodeae
- 7. Denudatae
- 8. Spathaceae
- 9. Coronariae
- 10. Liliaceae
- 11. Muricatae
- 12. Coadunatae
- 13. Calamariae
- 14. Gramina
- 15. Coniferae
- 16. Amentaceae
- 17. Nucamentaceae
- 18. Aggregatae
- 19. Dumosae
- 20. Scabridae
- 21. Compositi
- a. Semiflosculosi
- b. Capitati
- c. Corymbiferi
- d. Oppositifolii
- 22. Umbellatae
- 23. Multisiliquae
- 24. Bicornes
- 25. Sepiariae
- 26. Culminiae
- 27. Vaginales
- 28. Corydales
- 29. Contorti
- 30. Rhaeades
- 31. Putaminea
- 32. Campanacei
- 33. Luridae
- 34. Columniferi
- 35. Senticosae
- 36. Comosae
- 37. Pomaceae
- 38. Drupaceae
- 39. Arbustiva
- 40. Calycanthemi
- 41. Hesperideae
- 42. Caryophyllei
- 43. Asperifoliae
- 44. Stellatae
- 45. Cucurbitaceae
- 46. Succulentae
- 47. Tricocca
- 48. Inundatae
- 49. Sarmentaceae
- 50. Trihilatae
- 51. Preciae
- 52. Rotaceae
- 53. Holeraceae
- 54. Vepreculae
- 55. Papilionaceae
- 56. Lomentaceae
- 57. Siliquosae
- 58. Verticillatae
- 59. Personatae
- 60. Perforatae
- 61. Statuminatae
- 62. Candelares
- 63. Cymosae
- 64. Filices
- 65. Musci
- 66. Algae
- 67. Fungi
- 68. Vagae et etiamnum incertae sedis
Adanson (1763)
editFamilles naturelles des plantes, 2 vols., [20], [21].
- Bissus, Byssi, p. 1
- Champignons, Fungi, p. 4
- Fucus, Fuci, p. 12
- Epatikes, Hepaticae, p. 14
- Foujères, Filices, p. 16
- Palmiers, Palmae, p. 22
- Gramens, Gramina, p. 26
- Liliasées, Liliaceae, p. 42
- Joncs, Junci
- Lis, Lilia
- Scilles, Scillae
- Oignons, Cepae
- Asperges, Asparagi
- Jacintes, Hyacinthi
- Narcisses, Narcissi
- Iris, Irides
- Jenjanbres, Zingiberes, p. 61
- Orchis, Orchides, p. 68
- Aristoloches, Aristolochiae, p. 71
- Eleagnus, Elaeagni, p. 77
- Onagres, Onagrae, p. 81
- Mirtes, Myrti, p. 86
- Ombellifères, Umbelletae, p. 89
- Composées, Compositae, p. 103
- Campanules, Campanulae, p. 132
- Briones, Bryoniae, p. 135
- Aparines, Aparines, p. 140
- Scabieuses, Scabiosae, p. 148
- Chevrefeuilles, Caprifolia, p. 153
- Aireles, Vaccinia, p. 160
- Apocins, Apocyna, p. 167
- Bouraches, Borragines, p. 173
- Labiées, Labiatae, p. 180
- Vervenes, Verbenae, p. 195
- Personées, Personatae, p. 202
- Solanons, Solana, p. 215
- Jasmins, Jasmina, p. 220
- Anagallis, Anagallides, p. 227
- Salikaires, Salicariae, p. 232
- Pourpiers, Portulacae, p. 235
- Joubarbes, Seda, p. 246
- Alsines, Alsines, p. 250
- Blitons, Blita, p. 258
- Jalaps, Jalapae, p. 263
- Amarantes, Amaranthi, p. 266
- Espargoutes, Spergulae, p. 270
- Persikaires, Persicariae, p. 273
- Garou, Thymelaeae, p. 278
- Rosiers, Rosae, p. 286
- Jujubiers, Zizyphi, p. 297
- Légumineuses, Leguminosae, p. 306
- Pistachiers, Pistaciae, p. 332
- Titimales, Tithymali, p. 346
- Anones, Anonae, p. 359
- Chataigners, Castaneae, p. 366
- Tilleuls, Tiliae, p. 378
- Geranions, Gerania, p. 384
- Mauves, Malvae, p. 390
- Capriers, Capparides, p. 402
- Cruciferes, Cruciferae, p. 409
- Pavots, Papavera, p. 425
- Cistes, Cisti, p. 434
- Renoncules, Ranunculi, p. 451
- Arons Ara, p. 461
- Pins, Pinus, p. 473
- Mousses, Musci, p. 482
de Jussieu (1789)
editGenera Plantarum, [22]. See Lindley (1846), [23].
- Acotyledones. [p. 1]
- Classis I. Plantae acotyledones.
- Ordines Fungi, Algae, Hepaticae, Musci, Filices, Naïades
- Classis I. Plantae acotyledones.
- Monocotyledones. [p. 21]
- Classis II. Plantae monocotyledones. Stamina hypogyna.
- Classis III. Plantae monocotyledones. Stamina perigyna.
- Classis IV. Plantae monocotyledones. Stamina epygena.
- Dicotyledones. [p. 70]
- Classis V. Plantae dicotyledones apetalae. Stamina epigyna.
- Classis VI. Plantae dicotyledones apetalae. Stamina perigyna.
- Classis VII. Plantae dicotyledones apetalae. Stamina hipogyna.
- Classis VIII. Plantae dicotyledones monopetalae. Corolla hipogyna.
- Classis IX. Plantae dicotyledones monopetalae. Corolla perigyna.
- Classis X. Plantae dicotyledones monopetalae. Corolla epigyna. Antherae connatae.
- Classis XI. Plantae dicotyledones monopetalae. Corolla epigyna. Antherae distinctae.
- Classis XII. Plantae dicotyledones polypetalae. Stamina epygena.
- Classis XIII. Plantae dicotyledones polypetalae. Stamina hypogyna.
- Classis XIV. Plantae dicotyledones polypetalae. Stamina perigyna.
- Classis XV. Plantae dicotyledones apetalae. Stamina idiogyna, seu a pistillo segregata (Diclines irregulares). (p. 383)
- Plantae incertae sedis [p. 417]
Batsch (1802)
editTabula affinitatum regni vegetabilis, [24].
- Classis I. Rosaceae
- Classis II. Cruciatae
- Classis III. Ringentes
- Classis IV. Liliaceae
- Classis V. Incompletae
- Classis VI. Monopetalae
- Classis VII. Compositae
- Classis VIII. Cryptogama
de Candolle (1813)
editThéorie élémentaire de la botanique, 1st ed., [25]. See Lindley (1846), [26], Engler & Gilg (1919), [27].
- I. Végétaux vasculaires ou cotylédonés [pp. 206-220]
- Exogènes ou dicotylédonés
- A. A périgone double
- a. A corolle polypétale
- alpha. A pétales hipogynes ou non adhérens au calice
- beta. A pétales périgynes ou insérés sur le calice
- b. A corolle monopétale
- alpha. A corolle périgyne, ou attachée sur le calice
- beta. A corolle hypogyne, ou non attachée sur le calice
- a. A corolle polypétale
- B. A périgone simple
- A. A périgone double
- Endogènes ou monocotylédonés
- A. Phanérogames
- B. Cryptogames
- Exogènes ou dicotylédonés
- II. Végétaux cellulaires ou acotylédonés
- A. Foliacés
- B. Aphylles
Rafinesque (1815)
editAnalyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés, [28]. See Kluge (2004-2014), [29].
- Empire minéral ou inorganique [p. 22]
- Empire vital [p. 34] ou organique [p. 21] ou somobial [p. 37]
- Règne animal ou Zoonia [p. 39]
- Règne végétal ou Phytonia [p. 41]
- 1. Subregnum Dicotylia
- 1. Superclassis Eltranthia
- 1. Classis Eltrogynia
- 2. Classis Mesogynia
- 2. Superclassis Symphanthia
- 3. Classis Endogynia [Endiginia]
- 4. Classis Symphogynia
- 1. Superclassis Eltranthia
- 2. Subregnum Monocotylia
- 1. Superclassis Isanthia
- 5. Classis Angiogynia
- 6. Classis Gymnogynia
- 2. Superclassis Heteranthia
- 7. Classis Phanerogynia
- 8. Classis Cryptogynia
- 1. Superclassis Isanthia
- 3.Subregnum Acotylia
- 9.Classis Algosia
- 10. Classis Mycosia
- 1. Subregnum Dicotylia
de Candolle (1819)
editThéorie élémentaire de la botanique, 2nd ed., p. 243-250, [30]. See Lindley (1846), [31].
- I. Végétaux vasculaires ou cotylédonés
- Exogènes ou dicotylédonés
- A. A périgone double
- Thalamiflores
- Cohorte 1
- Cohorte 2
- Cohorte 3
- Cohorte 4
- Calyciflores
- Coroliflores
- Thalamiflores
- B. A périgone simple (Monochlamydées)
- A. A périgone double
- Endogènes ou monocotylédonés
- A. Phanérogames
- B. Cryptogames
- Exogènes ou dicotylédonés
- II. Végétaux cellulaires ou acotylédonés
- A. Foliacés
- B. Aphylles
de Candolle et al. (1824–1873)
editProdromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, 17 vols, [32].
Regni Vegetabilis
- I. Plantae Vasculares ou Cotyledonae
- Classis I. Dicotyledonae seu Exogenae
- Subclassis 1. Thalamiflorae [vol. 1]
- Subclassis 2. Calyciflorae [vols. 2-7]
- Subclassis 3. Corolliflorae [vols. 8-13[1]]
- Subclassis 4. Monochlamydeae [vols. 13(2)-16]
- Dicotyledonae Gymnospermae [vol. 16, p. 345]
- Dicotyledonearum ordines omissum vel incertae sedis [vol. 16, p. 548]
- Classis I. Dicotyledonae seu Exogenae
Agardh (1825)
editClasses plantarum, [33]. See Lindley (1846), [34].
Clavis classium
- I. Acotyledoneae [classes 1-3]
- II. Pseudocotyledoneae [4-7]
- III. Cryptocotyledoneae [8-12]
- IV. Phanerocotyledoneae incompletae [13-16]
- V. Phanerocotyledoneae completae, hypogynae, monopetalae [17]
- VI. Phanerocotyledoneae completae, hypogynae, polypetalae [18-22]
- VII. Phanerocotyledoneae completae, discigynae, monopetalae [23]
- VIII. Phanerocotyledoneae completae, discigynae, polypetalae [24-26]
- IX. Phanerocotyledoneae completae, porigynae [27-33]
Perleb (1826)
editLehrbuch der Naturgeschichte des Pflanzenreichs. See Mortier (1873), p. 181-182, [35].
- Cellulares
- Protophytae
- Muscosae
- Vasculares
- Filicinae
- Ternariae
- Monochlamydeae
- Thalamanthae
- Calycanthae
- Calycopetalae
- Thalamopetalae
Dumortier (1827)
edit- Dumortier, B.C.J. 1827. Florula Belgica, opera majoris prodromus. 172 pp., Casterman, Tornacum Nerviorum. MDZ Reference page.
- See Lindley (1846), [36].
- Class Staminacia
- Class Pollinacia
- Class Fluidacia
Bartling (1830)
editOrdines naturales plantarum, [37]. See Lindley (1846), [38].
Vegetabilia (Plantae)
- Cellularia
- Homonemea (Fungi, Lichenes, Algae)
- Heteronemea (Musci)
- Vascularia
- Cryptogama
- Phanerogama
- Monocotyledonea
- Dicotyledonea
Burmeister (1830)
editLehrbuch der Naturgeschichte, p. 161-250, [39].
- Plantae cellulares, acotyledoneae
- Plantae vasculares, cotyledoneae
Lindley (1830)
editAn Introduction to the Natural System of Botany, [40]. See Lindley (1846), [41].
- Vasculares, or flowering plants
- Exogens or Dicotyledons
- Tribe 1. Angiospemae
- § 1. Polypetalous, apetalous, and achlamydeous plants
- § 2. Monopetalous plants
- Tribe 2. Gymnospermae
- Tribe 1. Angiospemae
- Endogens or Monocotyledons
- Tribe 1. Petaloideae
- Tribe 2. Glumaceae
- Exogens or Dicotyledons
- Cellulares, or flowerless plants
- Tribe 1. Filicoideae, or fern-like plants
- Tribe 2. Muscoideae, or moss-like plants
- Tribe 3. Aphyllae, or leafless plants
Schultz (1832)
editNatürliches System des Pflanzenreichs nach seiner inneren Organisation, [42]. See Lindley (1846), [43].
Vegetabilia
- Homorgana
- Heterorgana
- Synorgana
- Dichorgana
Lindley (1833)
editNixus plantarum, [44]. See Lindley (1846), [45].
- Sexuales
- Vasculares
- Class I. Exogenae. Angiospermae.
- Class II. Exogenae. Gymnospermae.
- Class III. Endogenae
- Evasculares
- Class IV. Rhizantheae
- Vasculares
- Class V. Esexuales
Horaninow (1834)
edit- Horaninow, P.P. [Pavel Pheodorovich Gorjaninov] (1834). Primae lineae systematis naturae, [46]. See Lindley (1846), [47].
- Circle 1. Sporophorae (or Acotyledons)
- Circle 2. Pseudospermae (containing Gymnosperms and Rhizanths)
- Circle 3. Coccophorae (or Monocotyledons)
- Circle 4. Spermophorae (or Dicotyledons)
Fries (1835)
editCorpus florarum provincialium sueciae, [48]. See Lindley (1846), [49].
- Class I. Dicotyledons
- Class II. Monocotyledons
- Class III. Cryptogamas, or Nemeae
Martius (1835)
editConspectus regni vegetabilis, [50]. See Lindley (1846), [51].
- Cohort 1. Monocarpae scabrifoliae
- Cohort 2. Haplocarpae columniferae
- Cohort 3. Haplocarpae chromanthae
- Cohort 4. Polyplocarpae chromanthae
- Cohort 5. Haplocarpae auxanthae
Bromhead (1836, 1840)
edit- Bromhead, E.F. 1836. Remarks on the arrangement of the natural botanical families. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal 20: 245–254, [52].
- Bromhead, E.F. 1840. Remarks on the Botanical System of Professor Perleb. The magazine of natural history, July 1840, p. 329, [53]. See Lindley (1846), [54].
- Race of the Algae
- Race of the Fungi
Endlicher (1836)
edit- Endlicher, S.L. 1836. Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita. pp. [i]-lx, [1-]-160. Vienna, [55]. See Lindley (1846), [56], Rendle (1904), [57].
- Regio I. Thallophyta
- Sectio 1. Protophyta
- Classis i. Algae
- Classis ii. Lichenes
- Sectio 2. Hysterophyta
- Classis iii. Fungi
- Sectio 1. Protophyta
- Regio II. Cormophyta
Perleb (1838)
editClavis classium ordinum et familiarum, [58]. See Lindley (1846), [59].
Plantae
- Protophyta
- Muscosae
- Filicinae
- Ternariae
- Monochlamydeae
- Thalamanthae
- Calycanthae
- Calycopetalae
- Thalamopetalae
Lindley (1839)
edit"Miscellaneous matter", in: Edward’s Botanical Register, p. 77, [60]. See Lindley (1846), [61].
Vegetable kingdom
- State 1. Sexual, or flowering plants
- Division 1. Exogens
- Cyclogens
- Class 1. Angiosperms
- Class 2. Gymnosperms
- Class 3. Homogens
- Cyclogens
- Division 2. Endogens
- Spermogens
- Class 4. Dictyogens
- Class 5. Ptychogens
- Class 6. Sporogens (Rizhants)
- Spermogens
- Division 1. Exogens
- State 2. Esexual, or flowerless plants
- Division 2. Acrogens
- Class 7. Cormophytes
- Class 8. Thallophytes
- Division 2. Acrogens
Trautvetter (1841)
editDe novo systemate botanico. See Lindley (1846), [62].
Vegetable Kingdom
- Semi-plants
- Favi or Acotyledons
- Trunculi or Monocotyledons
- True plants
- Herbs
- Trees
Brongniart (1843)
editÉnumération des genres de plantes cultivées au Musée d'histoire naturelle de Paris, [63]. See Lindley (1846), [64], Engler & Gilg (1919), [65].
Règne Végétal
- Division Cryptogames (Cryptogamae)
- Amphigénes (Amphigenae)
- Acrogénes (Acrogenae)
- Division Phanérogames (Phanerogamae)
- Monocotylédones (Monocotyledoneae)
- Dicotylédones (Dicotyledoneae)
- Angiospermes (Angiospermae)
- Gymnospermes (Gymnospermae)
Lindley (1846)
editThe Vegetable Kingdom, [66].
- Asexual, or flowerless plants
- Class Thalogens
- Alliance Algales
- Alliance Fungales
- Alliance Lichenales
- Class Acrogens
- Alliance Muscales
- Alliance Lycopodales
- Alliance Filicales
- Class Thalogens
- Sexual, or flowering plants
- Class Rhizogens
- Class Endogens
- Class Dictyogens
- Class Gymnogens
- Class Exogens
Willkomm (1854)
editAnleitung zum Studium der wissenschaftlichen Botanik, 2 vols., 1854, [67], [68].
Döll [Doell] (1857)
editFlora des Grossherzogthums Baden, 3 vols., [69].
- Blüthenlose Gefäßpflanzen [flowerless tracheophytes, p. 1]
- Gymnospermae [p. 92]
- Angiospermae [p. 104]
Willkomm (1861)
editProdromus Florae Hispanicae, 3 vols., [70].
- Sporophyta
- Spermatophyta
- Gymnospermae
- Angiospermae
Braun in Ascherson (1864)
edit- Ascherson, P.F.A. 1861–1864. Flora der Provinz Brandenburg, der Altmark und des Herzogthums Magdeburg. Erste Abtheilung. A. Hirschwald, Berlin. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. . See Engler & Gilg (1919), [71].
- Bryophyta
- Thallodea (Algen, Flechten, Pilze)
- Thallophyllodea (Charen, Moose)
- Cormophyta
- Anthophyta
- Gymnospermae
- Angiospermae
- Monocotyledones
- Dicotyledones
Haeckel (1866, I)
editGenerelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 1, pp. 206-220.
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Phycophyta (Algae pro parte)
- Characeae
- Nematophyta (Fungi et Lichenes)
- Cormophyta (Phanerogamae omnes et Cryptogamae exclusis Nematophytis, Characeis et Phycophytis)
Haeckel (1866, II)
editGenerelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 2. See also plate 1, "Monophyletischer Stammbaum der Organismen", [72].
- Protistenreich, Protista
- 1. Moneres
- 2. Protoplasta
- 3. Diatomeae
- 4. Flagellata
- 5. Myxomycetes
- 6. Noctilucae
- 7. Rhizopoda
- 8. Spongiae
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- 1. Archephyta
- 2. Florideae
- 3. Fucoideae
- 4. Characeae
- 5. Inophyta
- 6. Cormophyta
- Thierreich, Animalia
Haeckel (1868)
edit- Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 1st ed. Reimer, Berlin, [73]. See Dayrat (2003), [74].
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [p. 347]
- Plantae
- “Protista” [polyphyletic]
- Labyrinthuleae
- Myxomycetes
- Diatomeae
- Monera Neutra
- Protoplasta
- Rhizopoda
- Flagellata
- Animalia
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Pflanzenreichs" [p. 382]
- Fucoideae
- Florideae
- Archephyceae
- Archephyta [paraphyletic] + Chlorophyceae [polyphyletic] + Cormophyta
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Thierreichs" [p. 392]
- Acephalae
- Spongiae
- Colelminthes
- Acineta
- Archezoa [paraphyletic] + Infusoria
- Ciliata
- Platyelminthes
- Himatega
- Nematelminthes
- "Einstämmiger oder Monophyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [plate I, [75]]
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Florideae
- Fucoideae
- Chloralgae + Muscinae + Filicinae + Gymnospermae + Angiospermae
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Diatomea
- Labyrinthulae
- Myxomycetes
- Monera neutra + Rhizopoda
- Noctilucae
- Flagellata
- Protoplasta
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Coelenterata
- Scolecida
- Vermes (Scolecida + Colelminthes + Himatega) + Arthropoda + Vertebrata + Mollusca
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
Sachs (1874)
editLehrbuch der Botanik, 4th ed., [76].
- Gruppe I. Thallophyten
- Klassen I. Protophyten
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Cyanophyceen
- Palmellaceen
- Chlorophyllfreie [forms without chlorophyll]
- Schizomyceten
- Saccharomyces
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Klassen II. Zygosporeen
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Volvocineen
- Conjugaten (incl. der Diatomeen)
- Chlorophyllfreie [forms without chlorophyll]
- Myxomyceten
- Zygomyceten
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Klassen III. Oosporeen
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Sphaeroplea
- Vaucheria
- Oedogonieen
- Fucaceen
- Chlorophyllfreie [forms without chlorophyll]
- Saprolegnieen
- Peronosporeen
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Klassen IV. Carposporeen
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Coleochaeteen
- Florideen
- Characeen
- Chlorophyllfreie [forms without chlorophyll]
- Ascomyceten (incl. der Flechten)
- Aecidiomyceten
- Basidiomyceten
- Chlorophyllhaltige [forms with chlorophyll]
- Klassen I. Protophyten
- Gruppe II. Muscineen
- Klassen V. Lebermoose
- Klassen VI. Laubmoose
- Gruppe III. Gefässkryptogamen
- Klassen VII. Equisetaceen
- Klassen VIII. Filicineen
- Klassen IX. Dichotomen
- Gruppe IV. Phanerogamen
- Klassen X. Gymnospermen
- Angiospermen
- Klassen XI. Monocotyledonen
- Klassen XII. Dicotyledonen
Eichler (1883)
editSyllabus der Vorlesungen über Phanerogamenkunde, 3rd ed., 1883. See Engler & Gilg (1919), [77].
- A. Cryptogamae
- division I. Thallophyta
- classis I. Algae
- group I. Cyanophyceae
- group II. Diatomeae
- group III. Chlorophyceae
- group IV. Phaeophyceae
- group V. Rhodophyceae
- classis II. Fungi
- group I. Schizomycetes
- group II. Eumycetes
- group III. Lichenes
- classis I. Algae
- division II. Bryophyta
- division III. Pteridophyta
- classis I. Equisetinae
- classis II. Lycopodinae
- classis III. Filicinae
- division I. Thallophyta
- B. Phanerogamae
- division I. Gymnospermae
- division II. Angiospermae
- classis I. Monocotyleae
- classis II. Dicotyleae
- subclassis I. Choripetalae
- subclassis II. Sympetalae
Prantl (1883)
editLehrbuch der Botanik, 5th ed., [78].
Pflanzenreichs
- Thallophyten
- Klasse I. Schizophyta
- Klasse II. Conjugatae
- Klasse III. Diatomeae
- Klasse IV. Chlorophyceae
- Klasse V. Phaeophyceae
- Klasse VI. Characeae
- Klasse VII. Rhodophyceae
- Klasse VIII. Myxomycetes
- Klasse IX. Fungi
- Muscineen
- Pteridophyten
- Gymnospermen
- Angiospermen
Warming (1884)
edit- Warming, E. 1884. Haandbog i den systematiske botanik. Anden gjennemsete udgave. 2nd ed. Kjøbenhavn, 434 pp. German translation (1890) by Emil Knoblauch, [79].
- Thallophyta
- Algae
- Class Peridinea
- Class Diatomeae
- Class Schyzophyceae
- Order Cyanophyceae
- Order Bacteria
- Class Chlorophyceae
- Order Conjugatae
- Order Protococcoideae
- Order Confervoideae
- Order Siphoneae
- Order Characeae
- Class Fucoideae
- Class Florideae
- Fungi
- Algae
- Bryophyta
- Pterydophyta
- Gymnospermae
- Angiospermae
Engler (1886)
edit- Engler, A. 1886. Führer durch den königlich botanischen Garten der Universität zu Breslau. Breslau: J. U. Kern's Verlag, [80], [81], [82].
- Myzetozoa [p. 10]
- Myxomycetes
- Thallophyta
- Schizophyta
- Algae
- Fungi
- Characeae
- Zoidiogamae (Archegoniatae)
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Siphonogamae (Phanerogamae, Anthophyta)
- Gymnospermae (Archispermae)
- Angiospermae (Metaspermae)
- Klasse Monocotyledoneae
- Klasse Dicotyledoneae
- Unterklasse Archichlamydeae
- Unterklasse Sympetalae
Engler & Prantl (1887–1915)
editDie Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, 1st ed., [83], [84].
- Myxothallophyta
- Euthallophyta
- Embryophyta zoidiogama (Embryophyta asiphonogama)
- Embryophyta siphonogama
Haeckel (1889)
edit- Haeckel, E. 1889. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte, 8th ed, [85]. See p. 452, 453, 462, 508.
- Protistenreich
- Protophyta (Protista vegetalia)
- Klass I. Phytarcha
- Phytomonera
- Ordnung 1. Probiontes
- Chromaceae
- Ordnung 2. Chroococceae
- Ordnung 3. Nostochineae
- Phytomonera
- Klass II. Diatomeae
- Klass III. Cosmariae (Desmidieae)
- Klass IV. Palmellariae (Palmellaceae)
- Klass V. Siphoneae (Coeloblastae)
- Klass I. Phytarcha
- Protozoa (Protista animalia)
- Zoarcha (Zoocytoda)
- Zoomonera
- Lobomonera
- Rhizomonera
- Bacteria
- Sphaerobacteria
- Rhabdobacteria
- Zoomonera
- Cytarcha
- Lobosa (Amoebina)
- Gregarinae (Sporozoa)
- Infusoria
- Flagellata (Mastigophora)
- Ciliata
- Acinetae (Suctoria)
- Rhizopoda
- Mycetozoa (Myxomycetes)
- Heliozoa
- Thalamaria (Foraminifera)
- Radiolaria
- Zoarcha (Zoocytoda)
- Protophyta (Protista vegetalia)
- Pflanzenreich
- Thallota (Thallophyta)
- Algae (Phycophyta)
- Zygnemaceae
- Conferveae
- Fucoideae
- Florideae
- Characeae
- Fungi (Inophyta)
- Mycetes
- Lichenes
- Algae (Phycophyta)
- Prothallota (Mesophyta)
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Phanerogamae (Anthophyta)
- Gymnospermae
- Cycadeae
- Coniferae
- Gnetaceae
- Angiospermae
- Monocotylae
- Dicotylae
- Gymnospermae
- Thallota (Thallophyta)
- Thierreich
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Coelomaria (Bilaterata, Bilateria, Haemataria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Articulata
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
Engler (1892)
edit- Engler, A. 1892. Syllabus der Vorlesungen über specielle und medicinisch-pharmaceutische Botanik [...] [Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, in further editions]. 1st ed., Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger, [86], [87].
- Myxothallophyta
- Euthallophyta
- Embryophyta zoidiogama (Archegoniatae)
- Embryophyta siphonogama (Phanerogamae)
MacMillan (1892)
editSuggestions on the Classification of Metaphyta (1892), [88]. The Metaspermæ of the Minnesota Valley (1892), [89].
- Protophyta
- Metaphyta
- Gamophyta
- Sporophyta
- Thallophyta
- Archegoniatae
- Metaspermae
Haeckel (1894)
editSystematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [90].
[Vol. 1, p. 90-91:]
- Pflanzen
- Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma) [Vol. 1, p. 96]
- Archephyta (Progonella)
- Probiontes
- Chromaceae (Phycochromaceae)
- Algariae (Paulosporata)
- Paulotomeae
- Conjugatae
- Diatomeae
- Algettae (Zoosporata)
- Mastigota
- Melethallia
- Siphoneae
- Archephyta (Progonella)
- Metaphyta (Histones plasmodomi) [Vol. 1, p. 256]
- Thallophyta
- Algae, [Vol. 1, p. 302]
- Chlorophyceae
- Charaphyceae
- Phaeophyceae
- Rhodophyceae
- Mycetes [Vol. 1, p. 316]
- Ascomycetes (Ascodiomycetes)
- Basimycetes (Basidiomycetes)
- Lichenes [Vol. 1, p. 325]
- Algae, [Vol. 1, p. 302]
- Diaphyta [Vol. 1, p. 330]
- Bryophyta [Vol. 1, p. 336]
- Pteridophyta
- Anthophyta
- Gymnospermae
- Angiospermae
- Thallophyta
- Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma) [Vol. 1, p. 96]
- Thieren
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Coccillida
- Bacillida
- Spirillida
- Zoomonera (= Monera s. str.)
- Lobomonera
- Rhizomonera
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Fungilli (= Sporozoa)
- Rhizopoda
- Infusoria
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Metazoa (Histones plasmophagi)
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Bilateria (Coelomaria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Articulata
- Echinoderma
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
Strasburger et al. (1900)
editLehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen, 4th ed., 1900, [91].
- Cryptogamen
- Thallophyta
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Phanerogamen
- Gymnospermae
- Angiospermae
Bessey (1907)
editA Synopsis of Plant Phyla, [92].
- Myxophyceae
- Protophyceae
- Zygophyceae
- Siphonophyceae
- Phaeophyceae
- Carpophyceae
- Carpomyceteae
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Calamophyta
- Lepidophyta
- Cycadophyta
- Gnetales
- Strobilophyta
- Anthophyta
Wettstein (1924)
editHandbuch der Systematischen Botanik, 3rd ed., [93].
- Flagellatae
- Tierische Flagellaten
- Pantostomatineae
- Distomatineae
- Protomastigineae
- Pflanzliche Flagellaten
- Chrysomonadineae
- Cryptomonadineae
- Euglenineae
- Chloromonadineae
- Coccolithophorineae
- Silicoflagellatae
- Tierische Flagellaten
- Myxophyta
- Schizophyta
- Schizophyceae
- Schizomycetes
- Zygophyta
- Peridinieae
- Bacillarieae
- Conjugatae
- Phaeophyta
- Rhodophyta
- Euthallophyta
- Chlorophyceae
- Fungi
- Cormophyta
Pascher (1931)
edit- Pascher, A. 1931. Systematische Übersicht über die mit Flagellaten in Zusammenhang stehenden Algenreihen und Versuch einer Einreihung dieser Algenstämme in die Stämme des Pflanzenreiches. Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt. Zweite Abteilung 48: 317–332. Biblioteca Digital. Reference page.
- Plantae holoplastideae [p. 330]
- Plantae euplastideae
Wettstein (1933-1935)
editHandbuch der Systematischen Botanik, 4th ed. See Wettstein system.
- Schizophyta
- Monadophyta
- Myxophyta
- Conjugatophyta
- Bacillariophyta
- Conjugatae
- Rhodophyta
- Euthallophyta
- Cormophyta
Melchior (1964)
editSyllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 2 vols., 12th ed., [94].
Pflanzen
- Abteilung I: Bacteriophyta
- Abteilung II: Cyanophyta
- Abteilung III: Glaucophyta
- Abteilung IV: Myxophyta
- Abteilung V: Euglenophyta
- Abteilung VI: Pyrrophyta
- Abteilung VII: Chrysophyta
- Abteilung VIII: Chlorophyta
- Abteilung IX: Charophyta
- Abteilung X: Phaeophyta
- Abteilung XI: Rhodophyta
- Abteilung XII: Fungi
- Abteilung XIII: Lichenes
- Abteilung XIV: Bryophyta
- Abteilung XV: Pteridophyta
- Abteilung XVI: Gymnospermae
- Abteilung XVII: Angiospermae
- 1. Klasse: Dicotyledoneae
- 2. Klasse Monocotyledoneae
Harland et al. (1967)
edit- Harland, W.B., Holland, C.H. & House, M.R. 1967. The fossil record: a symposium with documentation. London: Geological Society of London, [95].
Whittaker (1969)
edit- Whittaker, R.H. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163(3863): 150–160. DOI: 10.1126/science.163.3863.150 PDF Reference page.
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Plantae
- Subkingdom Rhodophycophyta
- Phylum Rhodophyta
- Subkingdom Phaeophycophyta
- Phylum Phaeophyta
- Subkingdom Euchlorophyta
- Branch Chlorophycophyta
- Phylum Chlorophyta
- Phylum Charophyta
- Branch Metaphyta
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Tracheophyta
- Branch Chlorophycophyta
- Subkingdom Rhodophycophyta
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Animalia
Whittaker & Margulis (1978)
edit- Whittaker, R.H. & Margulis, L. 1978. Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms. Biosystems 10: 3–18.
- Superkingdom Prokaryota
- I. Kingdom Monera
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- II. Kingdom Protista or Protoctista
- III. Kingdom Fungi
- IV. Kingdom Animalia
- V. Kingdom Plantae
- Superphylum and Phylum Rhodophyta
- Superphylum and Phylum Phaeophyta
- (Superphylum Chlorophyta)
- Superphylum Embryophyta
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Tracheophyta
- Class Psilopsida or phylum Psilophyta
- Class Lycosida or phylum Lycopodophyta
- Class Sphenopsida or phylum Sphenophyta
- Class Pteropsida or phylum Filicinophyta
- Class Cycadopsida or phylum Cycadophyta
- Class Gnetopsida or phylum Gnetophyta
- Class Ginkgopsida or phylum Ginkgophyta
- Class Conopsida or phylum Coniferophyta
- Class Angiospermae or phylum Angiospermophyta or Anthophyta
[Note: "form-superphyla" or "form-phyla are “frankly polyphyletic groupings”.]
Parker et al. (1982)
edit- Parker, S.P. (ed.). 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. 2 vols. McGraw-Hill, New York, [96], [97]. See Brands (1989–2005), [98]
Superkingdom Prokaryotae
Superkingdom Eukaryotae
- Kingdom Plantae
- Subkingdom Thallobionta
- Division Rhodophycota
- Division Chromophycota
- Division Euglenophycota
- Division Chlorophycota
- Division Myxomycota
- Division Eumycota
- Subkingdom Embryobionta
- Genus Echites
- Subkingdom Thallobionta
- Kingdom Protista (Haeckel, 1866)
- Phylum Euprotista [“containing the great majority of protistans”]
- Phylum Gymnomyxa
- Subphylum Mycetozoa
- Subphylum Plasmodiophorina
- Subphylum Labyrinthulina
- Kingdom Animalia 1758
[Note: this classification is redundant for some ambiregnal protists. See Taylor et al. (1986), [99].]
Sitte et al. (2002)
edit- Sitte, P., Weiler, E.W., Kadereit, J.W., Bresisnky, A. & Körner, C. 2002. Strasburger – Lehrbuch der Botanik. 35. Aufl. Spektrum/Gustav Fischer, [100]. See also the 36. Aufl. (2008), [101].
"Pflanzen"
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eucarya p.p.
A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien (2009-)
editFrom A. Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 13th ed., 5 vols., [102].
"plants"
- Cyanoprokaryota [Part 1/1]
- Acrasia (Acrasiomycota) [Part 1/1]
- Eumycetozoa [Part 1/1]
- Phytomyxea (Plasmodiophoromycota) [Part 1/1]
- Fungi / Mycobionta
- Chytridiomycota [Part 1/1]
- Zygomycota [Part 1/1]
- Glomeromycota [Part 1/1]
- Ascomycota [Part 1/2, to be published]
- Basidiomycota [Part 1/3, to be published]
- Heterokontobionta
- Labyrinthulomycota [Part 1/1]
- Oomycota [Part 1/1]
- Cryptophyta [Part 2/1]
- Dinophyta/Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata) [Part 2/1]
- Haptophyta [Part 2/1]
- Heterokontophyta / Ochrophyta [Part 2/1]
- Diatomeae, Bacillariophyceae s.l.
- Other heterokontophytes
- Glaucobionta [Part 2/1]
- Rhodobionta [Part 2/2, to be published]
- Organisation type "Green Algae"
- Chlorarachniophyta / Cercozoa [Part 2/1]
- Euglenophyta/Euglenozoa [Part 2/1]
- Chlorobionta ("Viridiplantae")
- Chlorophyta [Part 2/1]
- Streptophyta
- Mesostigmatophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Chlorokybophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Klebsormidiophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Coleochaetophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Zygnematophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Charophyceae [Part 2/1]
- Embryobionta
- "Bryophytes" [Part 3]
- Polysporangiomorpha [Part 3]
- "Protracheophytes" (Horneophytopsida)
- Tracheophyta
- Rhyniophytina [Part 3]
- Lycophytina [Part 3]
- Euphyllophytina [Part 3]
- Spermatophytina
- Pinopsida (gymnosperms) [Part 4, to be published]
- Magnoliopsida (angiosperms)
- Magnoliidae [Part 4, to be published]
- Lilianae (monocotyledons)
- Acorales, Alismatales, Petrosaviales, Dioscoreales, Pandanales, Liliales, Asparagales [Part 4, to be published]
- Arecales, Commelinales, Poales, Zingiberales, Dasypogonales [Part 5, to be published]
- Eudicotyledons [Part 5, to be published]
Taylor et al (2009)
edit- Taylor, T.N., Taylor, E.L. & Krings, M. 2009. Paleobotany: The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press, [103].
"Plants"
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Eukaryota
- Kingdom Fungi
- Algae (artificial group)
- Phylum Euglenophyta
- Phylum Dinophyta
- Phylum Heterokontophyta
- Phylum Prymnesiophyta
- Phylum Rhodophyta
- Acritarcha
- Kingdom Plantae (subkingdom Viridiplantae)
- Phylum Chlorophyta
- Land plants
- Nematophytes (artificial group)
- Phylum Anthocerotophyta
- Phylum Bryophyta
- Phylum Rhyniophyta
- Phylum Zosterophyllophyta
- Phylum Trimerophyta
- Phylum Licophyta
- Phylum Sphenophyta
- Phylum Pteridophyta
- Phylum Progymnospermophyta
- Phylum Pteridospermophyta
- Phylum Cycadophyta
- Other Gymnosperms
- Coniferophytes
- Angiosperms (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)
Kadereit et al. (2014)
edit- Kadereit, J.W., Körner, C., Kost, B. & Sonnewald, U. 2014. Strasburger – Lehrbuch der Pflanzenwissenschaften. 37. Aufl. Springer Spektrum, [104], [105].
"Pflanzen" [s.l.]
References
edit- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989–2005. Systema Naturae 2000. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [106].
- Engler, A. & Gilg, E. 1919. Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 8th ed., Gebrüder Borntraeger Verlag, Berlin, 395 p., [107].
- Linnaeus, C. 1738. Classes plantarum, seu systema plantarum [...]. Conrad Wishoff, Leiden [108].
- Le Maout, E. 1852. Botanique: organographie et taxonomie, histoire naturelle des familles végétales. Paris, Curmer, [109].
- Pelentier, B. 2007–2015. Empire Biota: a comprehensive taxonomy, [110].
- Rendle, A.B. 1904. The classification of flowering plants. 2 vols, Cambridge University Press, [111], [112].
- Sachs, J.v. 1890. History of botany, 1530-1860. Translation by Henry E. F. Garnsey, revised by Issac Payley Balfour. Oxford: Clarendon Press. BHL.