Viridiplantae

(Redirected from Chlorobionta)

Ocimum × africanum

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Bikonta
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Cladus: Viridiplantae

Infrakingdom: Chlorophyta - Streptophyta
Superphyla: Charophyta - Embryophyta

[Note: this page is about Viridiplantae (= Plantae sensu Copeland, 1938, 1956). For other uses of Plantae, see:

Plantae (L.)
Archaeplastida or Plantae (= Plantae sensu Cavalier-Smith, 1981, 1998)
Embryophyta (= Plantae sensu Margulis, 1971).]

Name

Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981

Synonyms

Plantae Copeland, 1938, 1956
Euchlorophyta Whittaker, 1969
Chlorophyta sensu van den Hoek & Jahns, 1978
Chlorobionta Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004
Chlorobiota Kendrick and Crane 1997
Chloroplastida Adl et al., 2005

References

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114 .] Reference page.

Links

Viridiplantae – Taxon details on AlgaeBase.

Viridiplantae – Taxon details on Fossilworks.
Viridiplantae - Taxon details on iNaturalist.

Viridiplantae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Viridiplantae – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).

Vernacular names

français: Plantes vertes
magyar: Zöld színtestű növények

Alternative classifications

Copeland (1938)

Copeland, H.F. (1938). The kingdoms of organisms. Quart. Rev. Biol. 13, 383-420. From Minelli (1993, p. 131), [1].

Monera
Protista
Plantae (green algae and land plants)
Animalia

Whittaker (1969)

Whittaker, R. H. (1969). New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–160.

Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Plantae
- Subkingdom Rhodophycophyta
- Subkingdom Phaeophycophyta
- Subkingdom Euchlorophyta
  - Branch Chlorophycophyta
    - Phylum Chlorophyta
    - Phylum Charophyta
  - Branch Metaphyta
    - Phylum Bryophyta
    - Phylum Tracheophyta
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Animalia

van den Hoek & Jahns (1978)

van den Hoek, C. and Jahns, H.M. (1978). Algen. Einführung in die Phykologie. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, [2], [3], [4].

Chlorophyta
- Chlorophytina
  - Chlorophyceae
  - Prasinophyceae
  - Charophyceae
- Bryophytina
- Tracheophytina

Cavalier-Smith (1981)

Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 14(3–4): 461–481. DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. Reference page.

Nine eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 462]

Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Eufungi
- Kingdom 2. Ciliofungi
- Kingdom 3. Animalia
- Kingdom 4. Biliphyta
- Kingdom 5. Viridiplantae
- Kingdom 6. Euglenozoa
- Kingdom 7. Protozoa
- Kingdom 8. Cryptophyta
- Kingdom 9. Chromophyta

Five eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 476-477]

Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Fungi (Ciliofungi + Eufungi)
- Kingdom 2. Chromista (Cryptophyta + Chromophyta)
- Kingdom 3. Plantae (Viridiplantae + Biliphyta)
- Kingdom 4. Protista (Euglenozoa + Protozoa)
- Kingdom 5. Animalia

Seven eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 478]

Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Viridiplantae
  - Phylum Chlorophyta
  - Phylum Bryophyta
  - Phylum Tracheophyta
- Kingdom Biliphyta
  - Phylum Biliphyta
    - Class Rhodophyceae
    - Class Glaocophyceae
- Kingdom Chromista
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Euglenozoa
- Kingdom Protozoa

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

From A revised six-kingdom system of life, [5].

Empire or Superkingdom Eukaryota

Kingdom Plantae Haeckel 1866 em. Cavalier-Smith 1981
- Subkingdom 1. Biliphyta Cavalier-Smith 1981 [probably paraphyletic]
  - Infrakingdom 1. Glaucophyta infraking. nov.
  - Infrakingdom 2. Rhodophyta infraking. nov.
- Subkingdom 2. Viridaeplantae Cavalier-Smith 1981
  - Infrakingdom 1. Chlorophyta Cavalier-Smith 1993
  - Infrakingdom 2. Cormophyta Endlicher 1836 stat. nov.

Hausmann et al. (2003)

From Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.

Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)

Phylum Viridiplantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981 (Chlorobionta)
- Subphylum Chlorophyta Pascher, 1914
  - Prasinomads
  - Class Ulvophyceae Mattox & Stewart, 1984
  - Class Trebouxiophyceae Friedl,1995
  - Class Chlorophyceae Christensen, 1994 (Phytomonadea)
    - Order Volvocida France, 1894 (Volvocales)
    - Order Chlorococcales Marchand, 1895
- Subphylum Streptophyta Jeffrey, 1982
  - Class Mesostigmatophyceae Marin & Melkonian, 1999
  - Class Chlorokybophyceae Bremer, 1985
  - Class Klebsormidiophyceae van den Hoek et al., 1995
  - Class Conjugatophyceae Engler, 1892 (Zygnematophyceae)

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M.D. & Kirk, P.M. 2015. A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248 . [Correction in 10(6): e0130114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130114 .] Reference page.

Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
  - Subkingdom Biliphyta
    - Phylum Glaucophyta
    - Phylum Rhodophyta
  - Subkingdom Viridiplantae
    - Infrakingdom Chlorophyta
    - Infrakingdom Streptophyta
      - Superphylum Charophyta
      - Superphylum Embryophyta
        Phylum Anthocerotophyta
        
        Phylum Bryophyta
        
        Phylum Marchantiophyta
        
        Phylum Tracheophyta

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