The genus name Acantharia may refer to:

  • Chromista:
    • Acantharia Haeckel, 1881 = Acantharea (Radiozoa)
    • ?Acantharia Quenstedt, 1881 (Radiozoa, Actinastridae)
  • Plantae:
    • Acantharia Rojas Acosta (1897), unplaced name (Fabales, Fabaceae)
  • Fungi:
    • Acantharia Theissen & Sydow (1918), nom. illeg. (Ascomycota, Venturiaceae)