Animalia (classifications)
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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Classifications Edit
Ray (1693) Edit
Ray J.A.G. 1693. Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis. Londini: Smith & Walford, 336 p., [1].
Animalia Tabula generalis [p. 53]
- Animalia sunt vel
- Sanguinea, éaque vel
- Pulmone respirantia, corde ventriculis praedito,
- Duobus
- Vivipara
- Aquatica; Cetaceum genus
- Terrestria, Quadrupedia, vel ut Manati etiam complectamur, pilosa. Animalia hujus generis amphibia terrestribus annumeramus.
- Ovipara Aves
- Vivipara
- Unico, Quadrupedia vivipara [Note 1] & Serpentes
- Duobus
- Branchiis respirantia, Pisces sanguinei praeter Cetaceos omnes.
- Pulmone respirantia, corde ventriculis praedito,
- Exanguia.
- Majora, quae vel
- Mollia, ...
- Crustacea, ...
- Testacea, ...
- Minora, Insecta
- Majora, quae vel
- Sanguinea, éaque vel
[Note 1: according to Gregory (1910), apparently this is a typographical error for "ovipara”]
Animalium Viviparorum Quadrupedum Tabula [p. 60-61]
- Animalia Vivipara pilosa seu Quadrupeda sunt, vel
- Ungulata, eáque vel
- Μονόχηλα, i. e. Solidipeda, Equus, Asinus, Zebra.
- Δίχηλα, i. e. Bisulca, seu ungulâ bifidâ, quae vel
- Ruminantia, Μηρυχάζοντα, cornibus
- Perpetuis, quorum tria sunt genera
- 1. Bovinum.
- 2. Ovinum.
- 3. Caprinum.
- Deciduis, Cervinum genus.
- Perpetuis, quorum tria sunt genera
- Non ruminantia, Genus Porcinum.
- Ruminantia, Μηρυχάζοντα, cornibus
- Τετράχηλα seu Quadrisulca, Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, etc.
- Unguiculata, quae pede sunt vel
- Bifido, duobus duntaxat unguibus donato, Camelinum genus
- Multifido, πολυσχιδῆ, quae vel sunt
- Digitis indivisis, sibi invicem cohaerentibus & communi cute tectis, eorum tantùm extremis in margine pedis extantibus, & unguibus obtusis munitis; Elephas.
- Digitis aliquodque separatis & à se invicem divisis, quae vel
- Πλατυώνυχα & ’ Ανθρωπόμορφα [Platyonycha & Anthropomorpha], Simiae.
- Unguibus angustioribus, Dentibus primoribus seu incisoribus in utraque maxilla, vel
- Pluribus, Haec autem omnia vel carnivora & rapacia sunt, vel saltem insectivora, aut victu promiscuo ex Insectis & Vegetabilibus.
- Majora, rostro
- Brevi, capite rotundiore, Felinum genus.
- Productiore, genus Caninum.
- Minora, corpore longo gracili, cruribus brevibus, Vermineum genus, seu Mustelinum.
- Majora, rostro
- Binis insignioribus, cujus generis species omnes phytivorae sunt, Leporinum genus.
- Pluribus, Haec autem omnia vel carnivora & rapacia sunt, vel saltem insectivora, aut victu promiscuo ex Insectis & Vegetabilibus.
- Ungulata, eáque vel
Linnaeus (1735) Edit
Systema Naturae, 1st edition, 1735, [2], [3].
Regnum Animale
- Quadrupedia
- Aves
- Amphibia
- Pisces
- Insecta
- Vermes
- Paradoxa
Hill (1752) Edit
Animals
- Animalcules
- Insects
- Amphibious
- Shell-fish
- Fishes
- Birds
- Quadrupeds
Brisson (1756, 1762) Edit
Regnum animale in classes IX distributum, sive Synopsis methodica. 8vo. Lugduni Batavorum, 1st ed., 1756, [6], 2nd ed., 1762, [7].
Regnum animale
- Classis I. Quadrupeda
- Classis II. Cetacea
- Classis III. Aves
- Classis IV. Reptilia
- Classis V. Pisces Cartilaginei
- Classis VI. Pisces proprie dicti
- Classis VII. Crustacea
- Classis VIII. Insecta
- Classis IX. Vermes
Linnaeus (1758) Edit
Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1, [8], [9]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [10].
Regnum Animale
- Classis I. Mammalia
- Quadrupedia
- Ordo I. Primates
- Ordo II. Bruta
- Ordo III. Ferae
- Ordo IV. Bestiae
- Ordo V. Glires
- Ordo VI. Pecora
- Ordo VII. Belluae
- Pinnata
- Ordo VIII. Cete
- Quadrupedia
- Classis II. Aves
- Ordo I. Accipitres
- Ordo II. Picae
- Ordo III. Anseres
- Ordo IV. Grallae
- Ordo V. Gallinae
- Ordo VI. Passeres
- Classis III. Amphibia
- Ordo I. Reptiles
- Ordo II. Serpentes
- Ordo III. Nantes
- Classis IV. Pisces
- Ordo I. Apodes
- Ordo II. Jugulares
- Ordo III. Thoracici
- Ordo IV. Abdominales
- Ordo V. Branchiostegi
- Classis V. Insecta
- Ordo I. Coleoptera
- Ordo II. Hemiptera
- Ordo III. Lepidoptera
- Ordo IV. Neuroptera
- Ordo V. Hymenoptera
- Ordo VI. Diptera
- Ordo VII. Aptera
- Classis VI. Vermes
- Ordo I. Intestina
- Ordo II. Mollusca
- Ordo III. Testacea
- Ordo IV. Lithophyta
- Ordo V. Zoophyta
Müller (1776) Edit
Zoologiae Danicae prodromus, [11], [12].
Animalia
- I. Mammalia
- II. Aves
- III. Amphibia
- IV. Pisces
- V. Insecta
- VI. Vermes
- 1. Infusoria
- 2. Helminthica
- 3. Mollusca
- 4. Testacea
- 5. Cellulana
Scopoli (1777) Edit
Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium. Pragae, 8vo, [13].
Hinc Animalia in hos Ordines distributa [p. 370]
- Sanguine frigido
- Mollusca
- Insecta
- Pisces
- Amphibia
- Sanguine cálido
- Aves
- Mammalia
Tabula synoptica regni animalis [p. 372]
- Tribus I. Infusoria
- Tribus II. Helmintica
- Tribus III. Testacea
- Tribus IV. Lucifuga
- Tribus V. Gymnoptera
- Tribus VI. Lepidoptera
- Tribus VII. Proboscidea
- Tribus VIII. Coleoptera
- Tribus IX. Pisces
- Tribus X. Amphibia
- Tribus XI. Aves
- Tribus XII. Mammalia
Blumenbach (1779) Edit
Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 1st ed., vol. 1, [14].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 57]
- Inermis
- Pitheci
- Bradypoda
- Sclerodermata
- Chiroptera
- Glires
- Ferae
- Solidungula
- Bisulca
- Belluae
- Palmata
- Cetacea
- Classis Aves [p. 181]
- Accipitres
- Levirostres
- Pici
- Anseres
- Struthiones
- Grallae
- Gallinae
- Coraces
- Passares
- Classis Amphibia [p. 255]
- Reptiles
- Serpentes
- Nantes
- Classis Pisces [p. 288]
- Apodes
- Jugulares
- Thoracici
- Abdominales
- Classis Insecta [p. 323]
- Coleoptera
- Hemiptera
- Lepidoptera
- Neuroptera
- Hymenoptera
- Diptera
- Aptera
- Classis Vermes [p. 407]
- Mollusca
- Testacea
- Cartillaginea
- Corallia
- Zoophyta
Batsch (1788-1789) Edit
Batsch, J. G. C. Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien, [15]. Erster Theil: Allgemeine Geschichte der Natur; besondre der Säugthiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische, 1788. Zweyter Theil. Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien, 1789. Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung.
Thiere [p. 81-89]
- Knochenthiere, Ossea
- I. Cl. Säugthiere, Mammalia
- II. Cl. Vögel, Aves
- III. Cl. Amphibien, Amphibia
- IV. Cl. Fische, Pisces
- Schaalentiere, Crustacea
- V. Cl. Insekten, Insecta
- Unvollkommenen thiere
- VI. Cl. Würmer, Vermes
Blumenbach (1791) Edit
Handbuch der Naturgeschechte, 4th ed., [16].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 38]
- Classis Aves
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Insecta
- Classis Vermes
Cuvier (1798) Edit
Tableau élémentaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux, [17]. See Gregory (1910).
- L'homme [p. 23]
- Mammiferes [p. 81]
- Quadrumanes (Singes, Makis)
- Carnassiers
- Cheiroptères (Chauve-Souris, Galéopithèques)
- Plantigrades (Hérissons, Musaraignes, Taupes, Ours [Ursus, Blaireaux, Coati, etc.])
- Carnivores (Martes, Chats, Chiens [Canis, "Canis hyaena", C. crocuta], Civettes)
- Pédimanes (Didelphes [Marsupials, including the Kangaroo])
- Rongeurs (Porc-épics, Lièvres, Damans, Cabiais, Castors, Écureuils [including squirrels and Aye-aye], Rats)
- Édentés (Fourmiliers [Myrmecophaga, Echidna, Manis], Orycterope, Tatous, Paresseux)
- Éléphans
- Pachydermes (Cochons, Tapir, Rhinocéros, Hippopotame)
- Ruminans (Chameaux, Chevrotains, Cerfs, Giraffe, Antilopes, Chèvres, Brebis, Boeufs)
- Solipèdes
- Amphibies (Phoques, Morses)
- Cétacés (Dauphins, Cachalots, Baleines, Narval)
- Oiseaux [p. 180]
- Reptiles (Amphibia, Lin.) [p. 280]
- Poissons [p. 303]
- Mollusques [p. 372]
- Insectes [p. 439]
- Vers [p. 624]
- Zoophytes [p. 640]
Cuvier (1800) Edit
Leçons d'anatomie comparée, 1st ed., vol. 1. Paris, année VIII [1800], [18]. See Gregory (1910).
Tableau general des classes des animaux [foldout, p. 496-497]
- Animaux
- Vertébrés
- Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
- Vivipares : des mammeles (1. Mammifères, Mammalia)
- Ovipares : point des mammeles (2. Oiseaux, Aves)
- Sang froid : coeur à un ventricule
- Des poumons, accompagnés quelquefois des branchies (3. Reptiles, Amphibia)
- Des branchies, sans poumons (4. Poissons, Pisces)
- Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
- Invertébrés
- Des vaisseaux sanguins
- Une moelle épinière simple : point des membres articules (5. Mollusques, Mollusca)
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : point des membres articules (6. Vers, Vermes)
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : des membres articules (7. Crustacés, Crustacea)
- Point des vaisseaux sanguins
- Une moelle épinière noueuse : des membres articules (8. Insectes, Insecta)
- Point de moelle épinière simple : point des membres articules (9. Zoophytes, Zoophyta)
- Des vaisseaux sanguins
- Vertébrés
Lamarck (1801) Edit
Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris: Chez l’auteur, [19], [20].
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Mammaux
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Animaux sans vetèrbres
- Mollusques
- Crustacés
- Arachnides
- Insectes
- Vers
- Radiaires
- Polypes
Latreille (1804) Edit
Latreielle, P.A. (1804). Tableaux méthodiques d’histoire naturelle. In: Nouveau Dictionnaire à Histoire Naturelle, 1st ed., vol. xxiv, [21].
- Animaux [p. lxxvii]
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Mammaux
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Animaux sans vetèrbres
- Mollusques
- Annelides
- Crustacés
- Insectes
- Vers
- Zoophytes
- Animaux à vetèrbres
Duméril (1806) Edit
Zoologie analytique ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux. Paris, 8vo, [22].
Animaux
- Mammifères
- Oiseaux
- Reptiles
- Poissons
- Mollusques
- Crustacés
- Insectes
- Vers
- Zoophytes
Cuvier (1812) Edit
Cuvier, G. (1812). Sur un nouveau rapprochement à établir entre les classes qui composent le règne animal. Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 19: 73–84, [23].
- Animalia vertebrosa
- Animalia mollusca
- Animalia articullata
- Animalia zoophyta s. radiata
Fischer (1813-1814) Edit
Fischer G. 1813–1814. Zoognosia. Tabulis synopticis illustrata, 3 vols . Mosquae [Moscow]: Typis Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky [24].
Animalia
- 1. Mammalia
- 2. Aves
- 3. Reptilia
- 4. Pisces
- 5. Mollusca
- 6. Annulata
- 7. Crustacea
- 8. Arachnoida
- 9. Insecta
- 10. Enthelmintha
- 11. Radiata
- 12. Polypi
- 13. Amorphota
Lamarck (1815-1822) Edit
Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres, [25]. See Agassiz (1857), [26]
- Animaux sans vetèrbres [p. 381]
- Animaux apathiques
- Infusoires
- Polypes
- Radiaires
- Vers (Epizoaires)
- Animaux sensibles
- Insectes
- Arachnides
- Crustacés
- Arachnides
- Cirrhipèdes
- Mollusques
- Animaux apathiques
- Animaux à vetèrbres
- Animaux intelligens
- Poissons
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Mammifères
- Animaux intelligens
Rafinesque (1815) Edit
Analyse de la nature ou Tableau de l'univers et des corps organisés, [27]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [28].
- Empire minéral ou inorganique [p. 22]
- Empire vital [p. 34] ou organique [p. 21] ou somobial [p. 37]
- Règne animal ou Zoonia [p. 39]
- 1. Subregnum Zostolia
- 2. Subregnum Anostia
- 3. Subregnum Zopsia
- Règne végétal ou Phytonia [p. 41]
- Règne animal ou Zoonia [p. 39]
de Blainville (1816) Edit
Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systematique du règne animale. Bull. de la Soc. philom. pour l'année 1816, p. 105-124. Journ. de phys., t. 83, p. 244-267, [29], [30].
Regnum Animaux
- Subregnum I. Pairs = Artiomorphes
- Typus I. Vertèbrés = Ostéozoaires
- Subtypus I. Vivipares = Mastozoaires
- Classis I. Pilifères = Mammifères
- subtypus II. Ovipares pourvus = Amastozoaires
- Classis II. Pennifères = Oiseaux
- Classis III. Squammifères = Reptiles
- Classis IV. Nudipellifères = Amphibiens
- Classis V. Branchifères = Poissons
- Subtypus I. Vivipares = Mastozoaires
- Typus II. Invertèbrés = Anostéozoaires
- Subtypus I. Mollusques = Malacozoaires
- Subtypus II. Sub-articulés = Sub-Entomozoaires = Malakentomozoaires = Molluscarticulés
- Classis VIII. Polyplaxiphores = Oscabrions
- Classis IX. Cirrhipodes = Anatifes
- Subtypus III. Articulés à appendices = Entomozoaires
- Classis X. Héxapodes = Insectes
- Classis XI. Octopodes = Arachnides
- Classis XII. Décapodes = Crustacés
- Classis XIII. Hétéropodes = Entomostracés Muller, partim
- Classis XIV. Tetradécapodes
- Classis XV. Myriapodes
- Classis XVI. Sétipodes = Annelides
- Classis XVII. Apodes
- Typus I. Vertèbrés = Ostéozoaires
- Subregnum II. Rayonnés = Actinomorphes
- Subtypus I. Sub-articulés
- Classis XVIII. Annulaires
- Subtypus II. Vrais
- Classis XIX. Echinodermaires
- Classis XX. Arachnodermaires = Méduses
- Classis XXI. Actiniaires
- Classis XXII. Polypiaires
- Classis XXIII. Zoophytaires
- Subtypus I. Sub-articulés
- Subregnum III. Sans forme regulière = Hétéromorphes = Agastrozoaires
- Classis XXIV. Spongiaires
- Classis XXV. Agastraires = Infusoires
Cuvier (1817) Edit
Le règne animal, 1st ed., 4 vols. (vol. 3 by Latreille), [31], [32], [33].
- Regnum Animalia
- Animalia vertebrata, animaux vertébrés (T.1: p.58)
- Animalia mollusca, animaux mollusques (T.1: p.59)
- Animalia articulata, animaux articulés (T.1: p.60; T.2: 508)
- Classis Annelides Cuvier, 1802; Lamarck, 1812 (T.2: 515)
- Classis Cructacés (T.3:5 - Latreille 1817)
- Classis Arachnides (T.3:73 - Latreille 1817)
- Classis Insectes (T.3:123 - Latreille 1817)
- Animalia radiata, animaux rayonnés (T.1: p.60; T.4)
MacLeay (1819-1821) Edit
Horae Entomologicae, [34]. See Quinarian classification.
Animalia
- Acrita
- Agastria [or Infusoria], Intestina, Polypi natantes, P. vaginati, P. rudes [p. 213, 318]
- Tunicata
- Mollusca
- Acephala, Brachiopoda, Pteropoda, (***), (***)
- Cephalopoda
- Vertebrata
- Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia, Pisces, Amphibia
- Annelida
- Annulosa
- Ametabola, Mandibulata, Haustellata, Arachnida, Crustacea
- Cirripedia
- Radiata
- Echinida, Stellerida, Medusida, Acalephida, Fistulida
- Zoanthida
Goldfuss (1820) Edit
Goldfuss G.A. 1820. Handbuch der Zoologie. Abt.1: 1–696; Abt.2: 1–510. Nurnberg, bei Johann Leonard Schrag, [35], [36], [37]
Thiere
- 1. Classis Protozoa
- 2. Classis Enthelmintha
- 3. Classis Annularia
- 4. Classis Radiaria
- 5. Classis Polymeria
- 6. Classis Insecta
- 7. Classis Mollusca
- 8. Classis Pisces
- 9. Classis Reptilia
- 10. Classis Aves
- 11. Classis Mammalia
- Mensch
Oken (1821) Edit
Esquisse du système d'anatomie, de physiologie et d'histoire naturale. Paris, 1821, [38]. See Gregory (1910).
- Animaux à viscères ou a peau. Viscériers, peaussiers. Sans chair. [p. 47]
- Polypes
- Mollusques
- Insectes
- Animaux à chair. Carniers. Avec chair.
- Poissons
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Animaux à sens. Sensiers.
- Mammifères
de Blainville (1822) Edit
De l'organisation des animaux, [39]. See Agassiz (1857), [40].
Animaux
- Artiomorpha or Artiozoaria
- Osteozoaria or Vertebrata
- Entomozoria or Articullata
- Malentozoaria
- Malacozoaria or Mollusca
- Actinomorpha or Actinozoaria
- Heteromorpha or Heterozoaria
Latreille (1825) Edit
Familles naturelles du règne animal, exposés succinctement et dans un ordre analytique, [41].
Animaux [p. 38]
- Vertébrés (ou spini-cérébraux)
- Céphalidiens
- Acéphalés
Von Baer (1828-1837) Edit
Über Entwickelungsgeschichte der Thiere, 2 vols., [42]. See Agassiz (1857), [43].
Thiere [vol. 1, foldout in pp. 224-225, p. 259]
- Peripheric Type. (Radiata.) Evolutio radiata.
- Massive Type. (Mollusca.) Evolutio contorta.
- Longitudinal Type. (Articulata.) Evolutio gemina.
- Doubly Symmetrical Type. (Vertebrata.) Evolutio bigemina.
Cuvier (1829-1830) Edit
Le règne animal, 2nd ed., 5 vols. (vols. 4 and 5 by Latreille), [44]. See Agassiz (1857), [45].
- Animalia Vertebrata
- Animalia Mollusca
- Animalia Articulata
- Animalia Radiata
Blumenbach (1830) Edit
Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, 12th ed., 1830, [46].
- Classis Mammalia [p. 40]
- Classis Aves
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Insecta
- Classis Vermes
Burmeister (1830) Edit
Burmeister H. 1830. Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Halle, Anton & Gelbcke: 1–594, [47], [48].
Regnum Thiere [p. 283]
- I. Subregnum Myxozoa
- 1. Classis Protozoa
- 2. Classis Corallina
- 3. Classis Medusina
- II. Subregnum Diazoa
- 4. Classis Aprocta
- 5. Classis Radiata
- 6. Classis Mollusca
- III. Subregnum Arthrozoa
- 7. Classis Annulata
- 8. Classis Malacostraca
- 9. Classis Insecta
- IV. Subregnum Osteozoa
- 10. Classis Pisces
- 11. Classis Amphibia
- 12. Classis Aves
- 13. Classis Mammalia
Oken (1833-1842) Edit
Allgemeine Naturgeschichte für alle Stände, 14 vols., [49]. See Agassiz (1857), [50].
Animals [Bd. 4, p. 578-580]
- Intestinal animals, or body animals, or touch animals [= Invertebrata]
- Digestive animals [= Radiata]
- Circulative animals [= Mollusca]
- Respirative animals [= Articulata]
- Flesh Animals, or head animals [= Vertebrata]
- Carnal animals proper
- Bone animals [= fishes]
- Muscle animals [= reptiles]
- Nerve animals [= birds]
- Sense animals [= mammals]
- Carnal animals proper
Ehrenberg (1835) Edit
Ehrenberg, C.G. Die Akalephen des rothen Meeres und der Organismus der Medusen der Ostsee. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1835. p. 181-260, [51]. See Agassiz (1857), [52].
- Nations [p. 224-225, foldout in p. 260-261]
- Animals
- Vertebrata, or Myeloneura
- Nutrientia
- Cl. Mammalia
- Cl. Aves
- Orphanozoa
- Cl. Amphibia
- Cl. Pisces
- Nutrientia
- Invertebrata, or Ganglioneura
- Sphygmozoa, or Cordata
- Articulata
- Mollusca
- Asphycta, Vasculosa
- Tubulata
- Racemifera, or Radiata
- Sphygmozoa, or Cordata
- Vertebrata, or Myeloneura
Grant (1836) Edit
Animal kingdom. In: The cyclopaedia of anatomy and physiology. London. Vol. 1: 107–118, [53], [54].
Regnum Animalia
- I. Subregnum Cyclo-neura vel Radiata
- II. Subregnum Diplo-neura vel Articulata
- III. Subregnum Cyclo-gangliata vel Mollusca
- IV. Subregnum Spini-cerebrata vel Vertebrata
Burmeister (1843) Edit
Geschichte der Schöpfung, 1st ed., 1843, [55]. See Agassiz (1857), [56]
Animals [ver p. 374-437, 377, 418]
- Irregular Animals
- Classis Infusoria
- Regular Animals
- Classis Polypina
- Classis Radiata
- Symmetrical Animals
- Classis Mollusca
- Arthrozoa
- Classis Vermes
- Classis Crustacea
- Classis Arachnodea
- Classis Insecta
- Osteozoa
- Classis Pisces
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Aves
- Classis Mammalia
Fitzinger (1843) Edit
Systema Reptilium, [57]. See Agassiz (1857), [58].
Regnum animale [p. 8]
- Evertebrata
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Gastrozoa (Infusoria, Zoophyta, Acalephae)
- Physiozoa (Vermes, Radiata, Annulata)
- B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium
- Dermatozoa (Acephala, Cephalopoda, Mollusca)
- Arthrozoa (Crustacea, Arachnoidea, Insecta
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Vertebrata
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
- Pisces
- Reptilia
- B. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum animalium
- Aves
- Mammalia
- A. Gradus evolutionis systematum physiologicorum vegetativorum
Van Beneden (1845, 1852) Edit
Van Beneden, P. -J. (1845). Recherches sur l'anatomie, la physiologie et le développement des Bryozoaires qui habitent la côte d'Ostende, [59].
Van Beneden, P. -J. (1852). Anatomie comparée. Jamar, Belgium. [60]. See Agassiz (1857), [61].
Règne animal [1845, p. 7; 1852, p. 338]
- Vertébrés ou hypocotylédones
- Articulés ou épicotylédones
- Mollusco-Radiaires ou allocotylédones
von Siebold and Stanius (1846-1848) Edit
von Siebold, C.T. & Stannius, H. (eds.), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie. Verlag von Veit & Comp., Berlin, [62].
- Erster Theil (vol. 1), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbellosen Thiere, C. Th. von Siebold, 1848, 679 pp.
- Zweiter Theil (vol. 2), Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere, H. Stanius, 1846, 482 pp.
Thiere
- Animalia evertebrata
- Protozoa
- Classis 1. Infusoria
- Classis 2. Rhizopoda
- Zoophyta
- Classis 3. Polypi (Anthozoa, Bryozoa)
- Classis 4. Acalephae
- Classis 5. Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Classis 6. Helminthes
- Classis 7. Turbellarii
- Classis 8. Rotatorii
- Classis 9. Annulatii
- Mollusca
- Classis 10. Acephala (Tunicata, Brachiopoda, Lammellibranchia)
- Classis 11. Cephalophora
- Classis 12. Cephalopoda
- Arthropoda
- Classis 13. Crustacea
- Classis 14. Arachnida
- Classis 15. Insecta
- Protozoa
- Vertebrata
- Fische
- Reptilien
- Vögel
- Säugethiere
Leuckart (1848) Edit
Ueber die Morphologie und die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der wirbellosen thiere, [63]. See Agassiz (1857), [64], Hatschek (1888), [65]
Thiere
- Coelenterata
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Vertebrata
Bronn (1850) Edit
Bronn H.G. 1850. Allgemeine Zoologie. Stuttgart: 1–511, [66], [67].
Regnum Thiere
- I. Subregnum Vertebrata Lk. 1801 = Spondylozoa Eichw. 1829 = Osteozoa Nitzsch = Rückgratthiere Wiegm. = Mieloneura Ehrb.
- II. Subregnum Insecta = Arthrozoa = Articulata = Annulosa
- III. Subregnum Mollusca = Malacozoa = Malacozoaires
- IV. Subregnum Radiata = Actinozoa
- V. Subregnum Ur-Protozoa = Zoophyta
Vogt (1851) Edit
Zoologische Briefe, [68]. See Agassiz (1857), [69].
- Vertebrata
- Articulata
- Cephalopoda
- Mollusca
- Vermes
- Radiata
- Protozoa
Owen (1855) Edit
Lectures on the comparative anatomy and physiology of the invertebrate animals, 2nd ed., [70]. See Agassiz (1857), [71].
Kingdom Animalia [p. 16]
- Province Vertebrata
- Province Articulata
- Province Mollusca
Milne-Edwards (1855) Edit
Cours élémentaire d'histoire naturelle. 7th ed., Paris, 1855, [72]. See Agassiz (1857), [73].
Règne animal
- Animaux vertébrés
- Animaux annelés
- Animaux mollusques
- Zoophytes
Van der Hoeven (1846-1855) Edit
Handboek der Dierkunde (1846–1855), 2nd ed., 2 vols., [74], [75].
English translation: Handbook of zoology] (1856-1858), [76].
Dieren
- Cl. 1. Infusoria
- Cl. 2. Polypi
- Cl. 3. Acalephae
- Cl. 4. Echinodermata
- Cl. 5. Entozoa
- Cl. 6. Rotatoria
- Cl. 7. Annulata
- Cl. 8. Insecta
- Cl. 9. Arachnoidea
- Cl. 10. Crustacea
- Cl. 11. Tunicata
- Cl. 12. Conchifera
- Cl. 13. Mollusca
- Cl. 14. Pisces
- Cl. 15. Reptilia
- Cl. 16. Aves
- Cl. 17. Mammalia
Bronn et al. (1859-) Edit
From Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, [77].
Kreise des Thier-Reichs [vol. 1 (1st ed.), p. IX]
Thier-Reichs [later volumes]
Gegenbaur (1859) Edit
Grundzüge der vergleichenden Anatomie, [78].
Thiere
- Protozoa
- Coelenterata
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Vertebrata
- Pisces
- Amphibia
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
Agassiz (1857) Edit
Agassiz, L. (1857). Essay on Classification. In: Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. Vol. I. Little, Brown & Co., Boston [79]
Agassiz, L. (1859). An essay on classification. Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans & Roberts & Trübner, 1859, pp. 294-299, [80].
- Radiata (Polypi, Acalephae, Echinoderms)
- Mollusks (Acephala, Gasteropoda, Cephalopoda)
- Articulata (Worms, Crustacea, Insects)
- Vertebrata
- Myzontes
- Fishes
- Ganoids
- Selachians
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammalia
Haeckel (1866, I) Edit
Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 1, pp. 206-220.
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Phycophyta (Algae pro parte)
- Characeae
- Nematophyta (Fungi et Lichenes)
- Cormophyta (Phanerogamae omnes et Cryptogamae exclusis Nematophytis, Characeis et Phycophytis)
Haeckel (1866, II) Edit
Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 2. =See also plate 1, "Monophyletischer Stammbaum der Organismen", [81].
- Protistenreich, Protista
- 1. Moneres
- 2. Protoplasta
- 3. Diatomeae
- 4. Flagellata
- 5. Myxomycetes
- 6. Noctilucae
- 7. Rhizopoda
- 8. Spongiae
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- 1. Archephyta
- 2. Florideae
- 3. Fucoideae
- 4. Characeae
- 5. Inophyta
- 6. Cormophyta
- Thierreich, Animalia
Haeckel (1868) Edit
Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 1st ed. Reimer, Berlin, [82]. See Dayrat (2003), [83].
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [p. 347]
- Plantae
- “Protista” [polyphyletic]
- Labyrinthuleae
- Myxomycetes
- Diatomeae
- Monera Neutra
- Protoplasta
- Rhizopoda
- Flagellata
- Animalia
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Pflanzenreichs" [p. 382]
- Fucoideae
- Florideae
- Archephyceae
- Archephyta [paraphyletic] + Chlorophyceae [polyphyletic] + Cormophyta
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum des Thierreichs" [p. 392]
- Acephalae
- Spongiae
- Colelminthes
- Acineta
- Archezoa [paraphyletic] + Infusoria
- Ciliata
- Platyelminthes
- Himatega
- Nematelminthes
- "Einstämmiger oder Monophyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [plate I, [84]]
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
- Florideae
- Fucoideae
- Chloralgae + Muscinae + Filicinae + Gymnospermae + Angiospermae
- Lichenes
- Fungi
- Protistenreich, Protista
- Diatomea
- Labyrinthulae
- Myxomycetes
- Monera neutra + Rhizopoda
- Noctilucae
- Flagellata
- Protoplasta
- Thierreich, Animalia
- Coelenterata
- Scolecida
- Vermes (Scolecida + Colelminthes + Himatega) +Arthropoda + Vertebrata + Mollusca
- Pflanzenreich, Plantae
Haeckel (1874a) Edit
Haeckel E (1874). Die Gastrea-Theorie, die phylogenetische Classification des Tierreiches und die Homologie der Keimblatter. Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft, 8, 1–55, [85]. See See Kluge (2004-2014), [86].
[P. 32:]
1. Ablasteria | Protozoa | Protozoa | Protozoa |
2. Diblasteria | Gastraeada | Zoophyta | Metazoa |
Spongiae | |||
3. Triblasteria | Acalephae | ||
4. Tetrablasteria | Acoelomi | Vermes | |
5. Pentablasteria | Coelomati | ||
Mollusca | Typozoa | ||
Echinoderma | |||
Arthropoda | |||
Vertebrata |
[P. 33:]
- Bilateria = Sphenota
- Vermes I + Vermes II [Sammtlische Würmer]
- Mollusca [Molluscken]
- Echinoderma [Echinotermen]
- Arthropoda [Arthropoden]
- Vertebrata [Vertebraten]
[P. 52:]
- Thierreichs
- Protozoa
- Metazoa [= Blastozoa, p. 19]
- Anaemaria
- Haemataria = Pentablasteria
Haeckel (1874b) Edit
Anthropogenie, oder Entwickelungs-geschichte des Menschen. 1st ed., 1874, [87]. 2nd unchanged ed., 1874, [88], see pp. 416, 421, 440, 441, 492, 496b.
- Thierreich
- Protozoa
- Zoophyta
- Vermes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Arthropoda
- Chordonia [p. 441]
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Acrania
- Leptocardia
- Craniota
- Monorhina
- Cyclostoma
- Amphirhina
- Anamnia
- Pisces
- Dipneusta
- Amphibia
- Amniota
- Reptilia
- Aves
- Mammalia
- Monotrema
- Marsupialia
- Placentalia
- Anamnia
- Monorhina
- Acrania
Gegenbaur (1874) Edit
Gegenbaur, Carl (1874). Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, [89].
Thierreiches [p. 408]
- Protozoën
- Cölenteraten (Zoophyten)
- Würmer
- Echinodermen
- Arthropoden
- Mollusken
- Wirbelthiere
- Acrania
- Craniota
- Cyclostomata
- Gnathostomata
Huxley (1875) Edit
On the classification of the animal kingdom, [90].
Animalia
- I. Protozoa
- i. Monera
- Protamoebidae
- Protomonadidae
- Myxastridae
- Foraminifera
- ii. Endoplastica
- Amoebidae
- Infusoria flagellata
- Infusoria ciliata
- Gregarinidae
- Acinetidae
- Radiolaria
- i. Monera
- II. Metazoa Haeckel
- A. Gastreae
- i. Polystomata
- Porifera = Spongida
- ii. Monostomata
- 1. Archaeostomata
- a. Scolecimorpha
- Rotifera
- Turbellaria
- Trematoda
- Nematoidea
- Hirudinea
- Oligochaeta
- b. Coelenterata
- Hydrozoa
- Actinozoa
- (Ctenophora)
- a. Scolecimorpha
- 2. Deuterostomata
- a. Schizocoela
- Annelida polychaeta
- Gephyrea (?)
- Arthropoda
- b. Enterocoela
- Brachiopoda
- Enteropneusta
- Polyzoa (?)
- Chaetognatha
- Mollusca
- Echinodermata
- c. Epicoela
- Tunicata = Ascidioida
- Vertebrata
- a. Schizocoela
- 1. Archaeostomata
- i. Polystomata
- B. Agastreae (provisionally)
- Cestoidea
- Acanthocephala
- A. Gastreae
Claus (1876) Edit
Grundzüge der Zoologie, 3rd ed., [91], [92].
Thieres
- I. Typus Protozoa
- II. Typus Coelenterata (= Zoophyta)
- III. Typus Echinodermata
- IV. Typus Vermes
- V. Typus Arthropoda
- VI. Typus Mollusca
- VII. Typus
- I. Classis Tethyodea (= Ascidien)
- II. Classis Thaliacea (= Salpen)
- VIII. Typus Vertebrata
Lankester (1877) Edit
Notes on the Embryology and classification of the Animal kingdom: comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of the germ-layers. Quartely Journal of Microscopical Science (N.S.), No. 68: 399–454, [93], [94].
Animalia
- I. grada Plastidozoa
- Protozoa
- II. grada Enterozoa (:441)
- 1. grada Coelenterata = Diploblastica
- 1. phylum Porifera
- 2. phylum Nematophora
- 2. grada Coelomata = Triploblastica (:441)
- 1. phylum Echinoderma
- 2. phylum Platyelmia
- 3. phylum Appendiculata = Parapoda (:441)
- 4. phylum Gephyraea
- 5. phylum Mollusca = Mesopoda
- 6. phylum Enteropneusta
- 7. phylum Vertebrata
- A. ramus Urochorda
- I. classis Larvalia
- II. classis Saccata
- B. ramus Cephalochorda
- I. classis Leptocardia
- C. ramus Craniata
- A. ramus Urochorda
- 8. phylum Nematoidea
- 9. phylum Chaetognatha
- 1. grada Coelenterata = Diploblastica
Herdman (1885) Edit
Herdman W.A. 1885. A phylogenetic classification of animals (for the use of students). Macmillan, London; Adam Holden, Liverpool, [95], [96].
Hatschek (1888) Edit
Hatschek, B. (1888). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 1. Lieferung, p. 40; Jena: Gustav Fischer, [97]. See Nielsen (2010).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
- Spongia
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Heteraxonia (= Bilateria)
- Zygoneura
- Ambulacralia [misspelling of Ambulacraria]
- Chordonii
- Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
Haeckel (1889) Edit
Haeckel, E. 1889. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 8th ed, [98], [99]. See pp. 452, 453, 462, 508.
- Protistenreich
- Protophyta (Protista vegetalia)
- Protozoa (Protista animalia)
- Pflanzenreich
- Thierreich
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Coelomaria (Bilaterata, Bilateria, Haemataria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Echinoderma
- Articulata
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata, Zoophyta, Anaemaria)
Schimkewitsch (1891) Edit
Schimkewitsch, W. 1891. Versuch einer Klassifikation des Tierreichs. Biol. Zent. Bl. 11: 291–295, [100].
Tierreichs
- Protozoa s. Monozoa
- Metazoa s. Polyzoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Gastroneura
- Acoelomata
- Pseudocoelomata
- Eucoelomata
- Tetraneura s. Malacozoa
- Cycloneura s. Echinozoa
- Notoneura
- Achordata s. Enteropneusta
- Chordata
- Leptocardi
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Gastroneura
Haeckel (1894-1896) Edit
Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [101]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [102].
[Vol. 1, p. 90-91:]
- Pflanzen
- Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma)
- Metaphyta (Histones plasmodomi)
- Thieren
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Coccillida
- Bacillida
- Spirillida
- Zoomonera (= Monera s. str.)
- Lobomonera
- Rhizomonera
- Bacteria (= Bactromonera)
- Fungilli (= Sporozoa)
- Rhizopoda
- Infusoria
- Archezoa (= Zoarchega)
- Metazoa (Histones plasmophagi)
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Gastraeades
- Spongiae
- Cnidaria
- Platodes
- Bilateria (Coelomaria)
- Helminthes
- Mollusca
- Articulata
- Echinoderma
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
- Coelenteria (Acoelomia)
- Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
[Vol. 2, p. 3-11:]
- Metazoa
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
- Gastraeades (Prometazoa)
- Spongiae (Porifera)
- Cnidaria (Acephalae)
- Platodes (Plathelminthes)
- Coelomaria (Coelomata, Bilateria ss. str., Bilaterata)
- Vermalia (Helminthes ss. str.)
- Mollusca (Malacozoa)
- Articulata (Arthrozoa)
- Echinoderma (Astromia)
- Chordonia (Chordata)
- Tunicata (Urochorda)
- Vertebrata (Cephalochorda)
- Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
[Vol. 3, p. 18:]
- Vertebrata, “Bildungsstufen der paarigen Gliedmaassen”
- Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
- Classe Acrania
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Polydactylia (Vertebrata pinnifera) = Quadrupinna (Ingenicata)
- Classe Pisces
- Classe Dipneusta
- Pentadactylia (Vertebrata pentanomia) = Quadrupeda oder Tetrapoda (Geniculata)
- Classe Amphibia
- Classe Reptilia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
[Vol. 3, p. 18:]
- Vertebrata, “Stufen der Herzbildung”
- Leptocardia
- Classe Acrania
- Ichthyocardia
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Classe Pisces
- Amphicardia
- Classe Dipneusta
- Classe Amphibia
- Classe Reptilia
- Thermocardia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Leptocardia
[Vol. 3, p. 20-21:]
- Vertebrata
- Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
- Classe Acrania
- Classe Cyclostoma
- Hauptgruppe Anamnia (Ichthyopsida)
- Classe Pisces
- Classe Dipneusta
- Classe Amphibia
- Hauptgruppe Amniota (Allantoidia, Ebranchiata)
- Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
- Classe Reptilia
- Classe Dracones
- Classe Aves
- Classe Mammalia
- Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
- Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
Claus (1897) Edit
Lehrbuch der Zoölogie, 6th ed., 1897, [103].
Thiere
- Protozoa
- Coelenterata
- Spongiaria (= Poriferi)
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Echinodermata
- Vermes
- Arthropoda
- Mollusca
- Molluscoidea
- Tunicata
- Vertebrata
Lankester (1900-1909) Edit
Lankester, E. R. (ed.). A Treatise on Zoology, London, Adam and Charles Black, 9 parts, 1900–09, [104].
- Grade Protozoa [part I]
- Grade Mesozoa [part IV]
- Grade Metazoa
- Phylum Porifera [part II]
- Phylum Coelentera [part II]
- Phylum Echinoderma [part III]
- Phylum Platyhelmia [part IV]
- Phylum Rhynchocoela
- Nemertini [part IV]
- Phylum Mollusca [part V]
- Phylum Appendiculata
- Arthropoda
- Crustacea [part VII]
- Peripatoids, Chilopods, Arachnids, Chilognaths, Hexapod Insects [not published]
- Chaetopoda [not published]
- Rotifera [not published]
- Arthropoda
- Phylum Vertebrata (or Chordata)
- Cephalochordata, Tunicata and Enteropneusta [not published]
- Vertebrata Craniata [part IX]
Goette (1902) Edit
Goette A. 1902. Lehrbuch der Zoologie. Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann: 1–504, [105], [106].
Thiere
- Monoplastida
- 1. Phylum Protozoa
- Polyplastida
- A. Radiata
- B. Bilateralia [= Bilateria]
- a. Bilateralia hypogastrica
- 4. Phylum Vermes
- 5. Phylum Arthropoda
- 6. Phylum Mollusca
- b. Bilateralia pleurogastrica
- 7. Phylum Vermiformia
- 8. Phylum Echinodermata
- 9. Phylum Chordata
- 1. Subphylum Tunicata
- 2. Subphylum Cephalochordia, Leptocardii
- 3. Subphylum Vertebrata
- a. Bilateralia hypogastrica
Grobben (1908) Edit
Die systematische Einteilung des Tierreiches, [107], [108].
Tierreiches
- Subregnum Protozoa Haeckel
- Subregnum Metazoa Haeckel
- Divisio Coelenterata Ray Lankester
- Phylum Spongiaria = Porifera
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Divisio Coelomata Ray Lankester = Bilateralia Goette 1902
- Phylum Protostomia Grobben = Zygoneura Hatschek; Gegenbaur = Bilateria hypogastrica Goette 1902
- Cladus Scolecida
- Cladus Annelida
- Cladus Arthropoda
- Cladus Mollusca
- Cladus Molluscoidea = Tentaculata
- Phylum Deuterostomia Grobben = Bilateria pleurogastrica Goette 1902
- Subtypus Ambulacralia
- Subtypus Homalopterygia = Chaetognatha
- Subtypus Chordonia
- Phylum Protostomia Grobben = Zygoneura Hatschek; Gegenbaur = Bilateria hypogastrica Goette 1902
- Divisio Coelenterata Ray Lankester
Brauer (1909-1912) Edit
Brauer, A. (ed.). 1909-1912. Die Süsswasserfauna Deutschlands, G. Fischer, Jena, 19. vols., [109].
- Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, Pisces
- Diptera
- Coleoptera
- Trichoptera
- Collembola, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, Rhynchota
- Ephemerida, Plecoptera, Lepidoptera
- Odonata
- Phylopoda
- Copepoda, Ostracoda, Malacostraca
- Araneae, Acarina und Tardigrada
- Oligochaeta und Hirudinea
- Rotatoria und Gastrotricha
- Nematodes, Mermithidae und Gordiidae
- Acanthocephalen
- Trematodes
- Cestodes
- Mollusca, Nemertini, Bryozoa, Turbellaria, Tricladida, Spongillidae, Hydrozoa
Grobben (1910) Edit
Grobben, K. (1910). Claus-Grobben: Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 2nd ed.; Marburg (Elvert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung).
Tierreiches
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Coelomata (= Bilateria)
- Phylum Protostomia (= Zygoneura)
- Phylum Deuterostomia
Hatschek (1911) Edit
Hatschek, B. 1911. Das neue zoologisches System. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, [110]. See Grobben & Heider (1911), [111].
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Bilateria
- Ecterocoelia
- Enterocoelia
Perrier (1912) Edit
Cours élémentaire de zoologie, [112].
Règne animal [p. 250]
- Sous-règne I. Protozoaires
- Sous-règne II. Métazoaires
- Phytozoaires
- Artiozoaires
Kükenthal & Krumbach et al. (1923) Edit
Kükenthal, W. & Krumbach, T. (eds). Handbuch der zoologie. Berlin, 1923, [113]. From Alimov (2000).
- Subkingdom Protozoa
- Subkingdom Metazoa
- Subdivision Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Subdivision Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Phylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Mesozoa (or Planuloidea)
- Bilateria
- Phylum Vermes
- Subphylum Amera
- Cladus Platodes, including Nemertini (ou Plathelminthes, incl. Nemertinea?)
- Cladus Nemathelmintes (Rotatoria, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Nematodes, Nematomorpha, Acanthocephala)
- Cladus Kamptozoa (=Bryozoa entoprocta)
- Subphylum Polymera (= Annelida)
- Subphylum Oligomera
- Cladus Tentaculata (Phoronida, Bryozoa [ectoprocta])
- Cladus Brachiopoda
- Cladus Chaetognatha
- Cladus Branchiotremata (Pterobranchia, Enteropneusta)
- Subphylum Amera
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Chordata
- Phylum Vermes
- Radiata
- Subdivision Parazoa
Grobben & Kühn (1932) Edit
Grobben, K. & Kühn, A. (1932). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 10th ed., begründer von C. Claus. Berlin: Julius Springer., [114], [115].
Tierreiches
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Coelenterata
- Coelomata (= Bilateria)
- Phylum Protostomia (= Zygoneura)
- Phylum Deuterostomia
Cuénot (1940) Edit
Cuénot, L. 1940. Essai d'arbre généalogique du règne animal. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences 210: 196–199, [116]. La Revue Scientifique 78: 223–229.
Métazoaires
- Spongiaires
- Cnidaires
- Cténophores
- Coelomates
- Epineuriens
- Échinodermes
- Balanoglosses
- Ptérobranches
- Tuniciers ou Urocordés
- Amphioxus ou Céphalocordés
- Vertébrés
- Hyponeuriens
- Platodes
- Dicyémides-Orthonectides
- Némertes
- Acanthocéphales
- Nématodes-Gastérotriches
- Échinodères-Gordiacés
- Rotifères
- Endoproctes
- Ecyoproctes
- Brachiopodes
- Chétognathes
- Phoronidiens
- Sipunculiens
- Échiuriens
- Priapuliens
- Mollusques
- Annélides
- Tardigrades
- Linguatulides
- Onychophores
- Arthropodes
- Epineuriens
Hyman (1940-1967) Edit
Hyman, L. H. The invertebrates. New York: McGraw-Hill Book. 6 vols., 1940-1967. See Nielsen (2010).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Mesozoa
- Parazoa
- Porifera, s. spongiaria
- Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Acoelomata [artificial group]
- Pseudocoelomata [artificial group]
- Eucoelomata [artificial group]
- Schizocoela [artificial group]
- Enterocoela [artificial group]
Beklemishev (1944, 1950, 1964) Edit
The basis of the comparative anatomy of the invertebrates [Основы сравнительной анатомии беспозвоночных]. 1st ed., 1944; 2nd ed., 1950; 3rd ed. (2 vols.), 1964. English translation, 1969, [117]. Akademia Nauk, Moscow, Leningrad. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Enantiozoa
- Archaeocyatha
- Enterozoa
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Protostomia
- Brachiopoda
- Deuterostomia
- Chaetognatha
Grassé et al. (1948-) Edit
Grassé, P.-P. (ed.). Traité de zoologie, Masson, Paris, [118].
Animalia
- Phylum Protozoa
- Phylum Spongiaria
- Cl. Turbellaria, Temnocephala, Monogenea, Cestodaria, Cestoda, Trematoda
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Cténaires
- Phylum Plathelmintes (= Platodes)
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Cl. Orthonectida, Dycyemida
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Nemertini
- Phylum Nemathelmintes
- Cl. Nematoda, Rotifera, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Annelida
- Cl. Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Myzostomida, Sipunculida, Priapulida, Endoprocta, Phoronida, Bryozoa, Brachiopoda
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Mollusca
- Cl. Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Scaphopoda, Cephalopoda
- Animalia incertae sedis
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
- Subphylum Chelicerata
- Cl. Merostomata, Arachnida, Pantopoda
- Subphylum Mandibulata
- Cl. Crustacea, Myriapoda, Insecta
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Stomochordata
- Cl. Enteropneusta, Pterobranchia, Graptolitoidea
- Cordés
- Procordés
- Phylum Tunicata
- Cl. Appendicularia, Thaliacea, Ascidiacea
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Tunicata
- Phylum Vertebrata
- Subphylum Agnatha
- Subphylum Gnathostomata
- Superclassis Pisces
- Classis Chondrichthyes
- Classis Osteichthyes
- Classis Amphibia
- Classis Reptilia
- Classis Aves
- Classis Mammalia
- Superclassis Pisces
- Procordés
Barkley (1949) Edit
Barkley, Fred A. "Un esbozo de clasificación de los organismos." Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agronomia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín. 10: 83–103, [119].
Pearse (1949) Edit
Zoological names. A list of phyla, classes, and orders. [120].
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus 1758
- Subkingdom Protozoa Goldfus 1817
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfus 1817
- Subphylum Plasmodroma Doflein 1901
- Subphylum Ciliophora Doflein 1901
- Subkingdom Mesozoa van Beneden 1877
- Subkingdom Parazoa Sollas 1884
- Subkingdom Metazoa Haeckel 1877
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfus 1817
Ulrich (1951) Edit
Ulrich, W. 1951. Vorschläge zu einer Revision der Grosseintheilung ders Tierreches. In: Herre, W. (ed.) Verhandlungen der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft vom 1. bis 5. August 1950 in Marburg. Zologischer Anzeiger, 15 Supplementband: 244–271, [121].
- Histozoa
- Parazoa
- Mesozoa
- Amoebosporidia
- Eumetazoa
- Coelenterata
- Bilateria (Coelomata)
- Archicoelomata (? Chaetognatha, Tentaculata, Pogonofora, Enteropneusta, Echinoderma)
- Neocoelomata
- Notoneuralia (Chordata: Tunicata, Acrania, Pachycardia)
- Gastroneuralia
- Articulata: Annelida, ? Sipunculoidea, Linguatulida, Onychophora, Tardigrada (Xenusion), Arthropoda, Nemathelminthes, ? Buddenbrockia
- Mollusca
- Platyhelminthes
- Nemertini
- Entoprocta
- ? Priapulida
Piveteau (1952-1969) Edit
Piveteau, J. (Ed.) (1952-1969). Traité de Paléontologie. Masson & Cie, Paris, 7 tomes en 10 volumes, 8142 p., [122].
- Protistes
- Spongiaires
- Coelentérés
- Bryozoaires
- Brachiopodes
- Chétognathes
- Annélides
- Mollusques
- Onychophores
- Arthropodes
- Echinodermes
- Stomocordés
- Vertébrés
- Agnathes
- Placodermes
- Elasmobranches
- Actinoptérygiens
- Crossoptérygiens
- Dipneustes
- Tétrapodes
- Amphibiens
- Reptiles
- Oiseaux
- Mammifères
Marcus (1958) Edit
Marcus, E. (1958). On the Evolution of the Animal Phyla. Quarterly Review of Biology 33 (1): 24–58, [123].
- Protozoa
- Archigastrula
- Coelenterata (Radiata)
- Coelomata (Bilateria)
- Chaetognatha
- Deuterostomia
- ?Pogonophora
- Superphylum Coelomopora
- Superphylum Chordata
- Protostomia
Brien (1961, 1963) Edit
Brien, P. (1961-1963). Éléments de Zoologie et notions d'Anatomie Comparée. 2 vols. Desoer, Liège. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Phylum Flagellata
- Phylum Rhizopoda
- Phylum Mycetozoa
- Phylum Sporozoa
- Phylum Infusoria
- Metazoa
- Diploblastica, s. Acoelomata
- Triploblastica, s. Coelomata
- Hyponeura
- Epineura
Grassé et al. (1961) Edit
Grassé, P.-P., Poisson, R. A., Tuzet, O. (1961-1965). Zoologie. 2 vols. Tome 1: Invertébrés. Tome 2: Vertébrés. Paris, Masson. From Alimov (2000).
- Unicellulaires
- Protozoa
- Pluricellulaires ou Metazoa
- Diploblastica
- Triploblastica
- Acoelomata
- Coelomata
- Deuterostomia Epithelioneura
- Deuterostomia Epineura, s. Chordata
Rothschild (1961) Edit
A classification of living animals, [124].
- Phylum Protozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Phylum Parazoa
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertina
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Polyzoa
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Sipunculoidea
- Phylum Echiuroidea
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chordata
Harland et al. (1967) Edit
Harland, W. B., Holland, C. H. & House, M. R. 1967. The fossil record: a symposium with documentation. London: Geological Society of London, [125].
- Animalia
Whittaker (1969) Edit
Whittaker, R. H. (1969). New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–160.
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Protista
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom Agnotozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Archaeocyatha (extinct)
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Branch Radiata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Branch Bilateria
- Grade Acoelomata
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea or Rhynchocoela
- Grade Pseudocoelomata
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
- Grade Coelomata
- Subgrade Schizocoela
- Phylum Bryozoa or Ectoprocta
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Sipunculoidea
- Phylum Echiuroidea
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Arthropoda (Incl. Tardigrada and Onychophora)
- Subgrade Enterocoela
- Phylum Brachiata or Pogonophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chordata
- Subgrade Schizocoela
- Grade Acoelomata
- Branch Radiata
- Subkingdom Agnotozoa
Remane et al. (1976) Edit
Remane, A., Storch, V., Welsch, U. (1976). Systematische Zoologie, 1st ed. From Alimov (2000).
- Protozoa
- Flagellata, Rhizopoda, Sporozoa, Cnidosporidia, Ciliata
- Metazoa
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Coelomata
- Protostomia
- Deuterostomia
Ivanov (1975, 1976) Edit
Иванов А. В. (1975). О происхождении Coelomata. Журнал общей биологии, T. 36, n. 5, p. 643-653. [Ivanov, A.V. (1975). On the origin of Coelomata. Journal of General Biology, T. 36, n. 5, p. 643-653.] From Alimov (2000).
Иванов А. В. (1976). Соотношение между Protostomia и Deuterostomia и система животного мира. Зоологический журнал 55(8): 1125–1137. [Ivanov, A.V. (1976). Relationship between Protostomia and Deuterostomia and a system of animal world. Russian Journal of Zoology 55(8): 1125–1137.] From Alimov (2000).
Animalia
- Protozoa
- Metazoa
- Phagocytellozoa
- Enantiozoa (=Parazoa)
- Eumetazoa (=Enterozoa)
- Radiata
- Bilateria
- Scolecida
- Acoelomata
Whittaker & Margulis (1978) Edit
Whittaker, R. H. & Margulis, L. (1978). Protist classification and the kingdoms of organisms. Biosystems 10, 3–18.
- Superkingdom Prokaryota
- I. Kingdom Monera
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- II. Kingdom Protista or Protoctista
- III. Kingdom Fungi
- IV. Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom and Form-Superphylum Agnotozoa
- Subkingdom and Form-Superphylum Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Archaeocyatha, extinct
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Branch Radiata
- Superphylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Superphylum Coelenterata
- Branch Bilateria
- Grade Acoelomata
- Superphylum Prothelminthes or Platyhelminthes, s.l.
- (Phylum Mesozoa)
- Phylum Platyhelminthes, s.s.
- Phylum Nemertea or Rhynchocoela
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Superphylum Prothelminthes or Platyhelminthes, s.l.
- Grade Pseudocoelomata
- Superphylum Aschelminthes
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- (Superphylum and Phylum Entoprocta)
- Superphylum Aschelminthes
- Grade Coelomata
- Subgrade Schizocoela or Proterostoma
- Superphylum Tentaculata
- Phylum Entoprocta or Kamptozoa
- Phylum Bryozoa or Ectoprocta
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Superphylum and Phylum Mollusca
- Superphylum Coelhelminthes or Annelida, s.l.
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiurida
- Phylum Annelida, s.s.
- Superphylum Arthropoda, s.l.
- Phylum Onychophora, Peripatus
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Pentastoma
- Phylum Arthropoda, s.s.
- Superphylum Tentaculata
- Subgrade Entercoela or Deuterostoma
- Superphylum and Phylum Echinodermata
- Superphylum Metahelminthes
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata or Enteropneusta
- Superphylum and Phylum Chordata
- Subgrade Schizocoela or Proterostoma
- Grade Acoelomata
- Branch Radiata
- V. Kingdom Plantae
[Note: "form-superphyla" or "form-phyla are “frankly polyphyletic groupings”.]
Cavalier-Smith (1981) Edit
- Cavalier-Smith, T. 1981. Eukaryote kingdoms: seven or nine? Biosystems 14(3–4): 461–481. DOI: 10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2. PMID 7337818. Reference page.
Nine eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 462]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Eufungi
- Kingdom 2. Ciliofungi
- Kingdom 3. Animalia
- Kingdom 4. Biliphyta
- Kingdom 5. Viridiplantae
- Kingdom 6. Euglenozoa
- Kingdom 7. Protozoa
- Kingdom 8. Cryptophyta
- Kingdom 9. Chromophyta
Five eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 476-477]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Fungi (Ciliofungi + Eufungi)
- Kingdom 2. Chromista (Cryptophyta + Chromophyta)
- Kingdom 3. Plantae (Viridiplantae + Biliphyta)
- Kingdom 4. Protista (Euglenozoa + Protozoa)
- Kingdom 5. Animalia
Seven eukaryote kingdoms proposal [p. 478]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Fungi
- Subkingdom Eufungi
- Phylum Hemiascomycota
- Phylum Ustomycota
- Phylum Zygomycota
- Phylum Ascomycota
- Phylum Uredomycota
- Phylum Basidiomycota
- Incertae sedis: Deuteromycetes
- Subkingdom Eufungi
- Subkingdom Ciliofungi
- Phylum Chytridiomycota
- Class Chytridiomycetes (excluding Blastocladiales)
- Phylum Allomycota
- Class Blastocladiales
- Phylum Chytridiomycota
- Kingdom Viridiplantae
- Kingdom Biliphyta
- Kingdom Chromista
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Parazoa
- Subphylum Porifera
- Subphylum Choanociliata
- Subkidngdom Mesozoa
- Phylum Mesozoa
- Subkingdom Metazoa
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Kingdom Euglenozoa
- Kingdom Protozoa
- Kingdom Fungi
Parker et al. (1982) Edit
Parker, S. P. (ed.). 1982. Synopsis and classification of living organisms. 2 vols. McGraw-Hill, New York, [126], [127]. From Brands (1989-2005 ), [128]
Superkingdom Prokaryotae
Superkingdom Eukaryotae
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Protista (Haeckel, 1866)
- Kingdom Animalia 1758
- Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818)
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora (Honigberg & Balamuth,1963)
- Phylum Labyrinthulata
- Phylum Apicomplexa Levine, 1970
- Phylum Microspora Sprague, 1977
- Phylum Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
- Phylum Ascetospora
- Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901
- Subkingdom Phagocytellozoa
- Phylum Placozoa Grell, 1971
- Subkingdom Parazoa (Sollas, 1884)
- Phylum Porifera Grant, in Todd, 1836
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa (Butschli, 1910)
- Phylum Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum Ctenophora (Eschscholtz, 1829)
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea Schultze
- Phylum Gnathostomulida (Ax, 1956) Riedl, 1969
- Phylum Mesozoa (van Beneden, 1877)
- Phylum Gastrotricha Metschnikoff, 1864
- Phylum Rotifera Cuvier, 1798
- Phylum Kinorhyncha (Reinhard, 1887)
- Phylum Nemata Cobb, 1919 (1932)
- Phylum Nematomorpha Vejdovsky,1886
- Phylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771
- Phylum Priapulida (Théel, 1906)
- Phylum Mollusca (Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795
- Phylum Annelida Lamarck, 1809
- Phylum Pogonophora Johansson, K.E., 1937
- Phylum Echiura Sedgwick, 1898
- Phylum Sipuncula (Raffinesque, 1814) Sedgwick, 1898
- Phylum Arthropoda Latreille, 1829
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada (Spallanzani,1777)
- Phylum Lophophorata (Hyman, 1959)
- Phylum Phoronida (Hatschek, 1888)
- Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831
- Phylum Entoprocta (Nitsche, 1869)
- Phylum Brachiopoda (Duméril, 1806)
- Phylum Chaetognatha Leuckart, 1854
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata Bateson, 1885
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Tunicata Cuvier
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Subkingdom Protozoa (Goldfuss, 1818)
[Note: this classification is redundant for some ambiregnal protists. See Taylor et al. (1986), [129].]
Nielsen (1985) Edit
Nielsen, C. (1985). Animal phylogeny in the light of the trochaea theory. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 25, 243-99, [130].
Animalia
- phylum Choanoflagellata
- Metazoa
- phylum Porifera
- phylum Placozoa
- Gastraeozoa = Eumetazoa
- phylum Cnidaria
- Trochaeozoa = Bilateria (Gastroneuralia + Protornaeozoa)
- Gastroneuralia = Protostomia (Spiralia + Aschelminthes)
- Spiralia (Articulata + Parenchymia + Bryozoa)
- Articulata
- phylum Annelida sensu lato
- phylum Echiura
- phylum Gnathostomulida
- phylum Onychophora
- phylum Arthropoda sensu lato
- phylum Mollusca
- phylum Sipuncula
- Parenchymia = Acoelomata
- phylum Nemertini
- phylum Platyhelminthes
- Bryozoa
- phylum Entoprocta
- phylum Ectoprocta
- Articulata
- Aschelminthes = Nemathelminthes = Pseudocoelomata
- phylum Rotifera
- phylum Acanthocephala
- phylum Chaetognatha
- phylum Nematoda
- phylum Nematomorpha
- phylum Kinorhyncha
- phylum Loricifera
- phylum Priapulida
- phylum Gastrotricha
- Spiralia (Articulata + Parenchymia + Bryozoa)
- Protornaeozoa
- phylum Ctenophora
- Notoneuralia = Deuterostomia
- Brachiata
- phylum Pterobranchia
- phylum Phoronida
- phylum Brachiopoda
- phylum Echinodermata
- Cyrtotreta
- phylum Enteropneusta
- Chordata
- Phylum Urochordata
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Vertebrata
- Brachiata
- Gastroneuralia = Protostomia (Spiralia + Aschelminthes)
Benton (1993) Edit
Benton, M. J. 1993. The fossil record 2. London: Chapman & Hall, [131].
- Kingdom Monera
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Algae [artificial]
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Plantae
Ax (1995) Edit
Ax, Peter. (1995). Das System der Metazoa I. Ein Lehrbuch der phylogenetischen Systematik. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Jena. Translation: Multicellular animals: the phylogenetic system of the metazoa. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz, vol. 1, 1996, link; vol. 2, 2000, link; vol. 3., 2003, link.
Cavalier-Smith (1998) Edit
A revised six-kingdom system of life, [132].
Empire or Superkingdom 1. Prokaryota
Empire or Superkingdom 2. Eukaryota
- Kingdom 1. Protozoa Goldfuss 1818 stat. nov. Owen 1858 em. [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
- Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Infrakingdom 1. Spongiaria De Blainville 1816. [probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 1. Porifera
- Infrakingdom 2. Coelenterata Leuckart 1847 em. auct. [probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 1. Cnidaria [Probably paraphyletic]
- Phylum 2. Ctenophora
- Infrakingdom 3. Placozoa infrak. nov
- Phylum 1. Placozoa
- Infrakingdom 1. Spongiaria De Blainville 1816. [probably paraphyletic]
- Subkingdom 2. Myxozoa Grassé 1970 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Phylum Myxosporidia Bütschli 1881 stat. nov. Grassé 1970
- Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]
- Branch 1. Protostomia Grobben 1908 [probably paraphyletic]
- Infrakingdom 1. Lophozoa infrak. nov. [probably paraphyletic]
- Superphylum 1. Polyzoa
- Phylum 1. Bryozoa
- Phylum 2. Kamptozoa
- Subphylum 1. Entoprocta
- Subphylum 2. Cycliophora
- Superphylum 2. Conchozoa
- Phylum 1. Mollusca
- Phylum 2. Brachiozoa
- Subphylum 1. Brachiopoda [probably paraphyletic]
- Subphylum 2. Phoronida
- Superphylum 3. Sipuncula
- Phylum 1. Sipuncula
- Superphylum 4. Vermizoa
- Phylum 1. Annelida
- Phylum 2. Nemertina
- Superphylum 1. Polyzoa
- Infrakingdom 2. Chaetognathi Leuckart 1854 stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Chaetognatha
- Infrakingdom 3. Ecdysozoa infrak. nov.
- Superphylum 1. Haemopoda
- Phylum 1. Lobopoda
- Phylum 2. Arthropoda
- Superphylum 2. Nemathelminthes
- Phylum 1. Nemathelminthes
- Superphylum 1. Haemopoda
- Infrakingdom 4. Platyzoa infraking. nov
- Phylum 1. Acanthognatha
- Phylum 2. Platyhelminthes
- Infrakingdom 1. Lophozoa infrak. nov. [probably paraphyletic]
- Branch 2. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
- Infrakingdom 1. Coelomopora Marcus 1958 (as superphylum) stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Echinodermata
- Phylum 2. Hemichordata
- Infrakingdom 2. Chordonia Haeckel 1874 em. Hatschek 1888 stat. nov.
- Phylum 1. Urochorda Lankester 1877
- Phylum 2. Chordata Bateson 1885 em.
- Subphylum 1. Acraniata Bleeker 1859 [probably paraphyletic]
- Subphylum 2. Vertebrata Cuvier 1812 (= Craniota Haeckel, Craniata auct.)
- Infrakingdom 1. Coelomopora Marcus 1958 (as superphylum) stat. nov.
- Branch 1. Protostomia Grobben 1908 [probably paraphyletic]
- Subkingdom 4. Mesozoa subking. nov.
- Phylum Mesozoa van Beneden 1877
- Subkingdom 1. Radiata Linnaeus 1758 em. stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [almost certainly paraphyletic]
- Kingdom 3. Fungi Linnaeus 1753 stat. nov. Nees 1817 em.
- Kingdom 4. Plantae Haeckel 1866 em. Cavalier-Smith 1981
- Kingdom 5. Chromista Cavalier-Smith 1981 em.
Brusca & Brusca (2003) Edit
Invertebrates, 2nd ed., [133].
- Kingdom Animalia (Metazoa)
- Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Mesozoa
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Monoblastozoa
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Eumetazoa
- Radiata
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Bilateria
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Nematoda (= Nemata)
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Priapula
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta (= Kamptozoa)
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Ectoprocta (= Bryozoa)
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Radiata
- Parazoa
Hutchins et al. (2003) Edit
Hutchins, M. et al. (eds.). Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 17 vols., Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group, 2003, [134].
Animalia (= Metazoa)
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Monoblastozoa
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Vestimentifera
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Ectoprocta
- Phylum Brachiopoda
Margulis & Chapman (2009) Edit
Kingdoms & Domains, 4th ed.
Superkingdom Prokarya
Superkingdom Eukarya (Eukaryotae)
- Kingdom Protoctista
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae
- Kingdom Animalia [p. 232]
- Subkingdom Placozoa
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Myxospora (Myxozoa)
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Coelenterata
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Acoelomates
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Nemertina
- Pseudocoelomates
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Body cavity not yet characterized
- Phylum Priapulida
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Coelomates
- Protostomes
- Arthopoda
- Phylum Chelicerata
- Phylum Mandibulata
- Hexapoda (Insecta)
- Crustacea
- Myriapoda
- Symphyla
- Pauropoda
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Phylum Echiura
- Phylum Pogonophora
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Arthopoda
- Lophophorates
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Phoronida
- Deuterostomes
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Chordata
- Phylum Urochordata
- Phylum Cephalochordata
- Phylum Craniata (Vertebrata)
- Agnatha
- Gnathostomata
- Protostomes
- Acoelomates
- Subkingdom Placozoa
Minelli (2009) Edit
Minelli, A. 2009. Perspectives in Animal Phylogeny and Evolution. Oxford University Press, Oxford, [135].
Metazoa [p. 35]
Zhang (2011) Edit
Zhang, Z. Q. (2011). Animal biodiversity: An introduction to higher-level classification and taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148, 7-12, [136].
Kingdom Animalia Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 1 Ctenophora Eschscholtz, 1829
- Phylum 2.1 Porifera Grant, 1826
- Phylum 2.2 1 Placozoa Grell, 1971
- Phylum 2.2.2.1 Cnidaria Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum 2.2.2.2 Myxozoa Grassé, 1970
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.1.1 Xenoturbellida Westblad, 1949
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.1.2 Acoelomorpha Ehlers, 1985
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.2.1 Orthonectida Giard, 1877
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.2.2 Rhombozoa van Beneden, 1876
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.1 Cephalochordata Owen, 1846
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.2.1 Tunicata Lamarck, 1816
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.1.2.2 Craniata Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.2 1 Echinodermata
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.1.2.2 Hemichordata Bateson, 1885
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.1 Chaetognatha Leuckart 1854
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.1.1 Nematoda Cobb, 1932
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.1.2 Nematomorpha Vejdovsky, 1886
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.2 Tardigrada Doyère, 1840
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.3.1 Onychophora Grube, 1853
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.3.2 Arthropoda von Siebold, 1848
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.1 Priapulida Théel, 1906
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.2 Loricifera Kristensen, 1983
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.2.4.3 Kinorhyncha Reinhard, 1881
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.1 Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.2.1 Entoprocta Nitsche 1869
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.1.2.2 Cycliophora Funch & Kristensen, 1995
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.1 Annelida Lamarck, 1809
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.2 Spincula Rafinesque, 1814
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.1.3 Echiura Newby, 1940
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.2 Mollusca Linnaeus, 1758
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.3 Nemertea Schultze, 1851
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.4.1 Brachiopoda Duméril, 1806
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.2.4.2 Phoronida Hatschek, 1888
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.1 Gastrotricha Metschnikoff, 1864
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.2 Platyhelminthes Gegenbaur, 1859
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.1 Gnathostomulida Riedl, 1969
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.2 Micrognathozoa Kristensen & Funch, 2000
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.3.1 Rotifera Cuvier, 1817
- Phylum 2.2.2.3.3.2.3.3.3.3.2 Acanthocephala Koelreuther, 1771
Nielsen (2012) Edit
Nielsen, C. Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- Choanoflagellata
- Animalia
- Problematica
Ruggiero et al. (2015) Edit
Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [137].
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Animalia
- Subkingdom N.N.
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Porifera
- Subkingdom Bilateria
- Infrakingdom Protostomia
- Superphylum N.N.
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Phylum Loricifera
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Priapula [= Priapulida]
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Superphylum Spiralia [= Lophotrochozoa]
- Phylum Acanthocephala
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Rotifera
- Phylum Sipuncula
- Superphylum N.N.
- Infrakingdom Deuterostomia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata [= Craniata]
- Infraphylum Agnatha
- Infraphylum Gnathostomata
- Superclass Actinopterygii
- Superclass Chondrichthyes
- Superclass Sarcopterygii
- Superclass Tetrapoda
- Class Amphibia
- Class Mammalia
- Class Reptilia
- Subclass Aves
- Subclass Crocodylomorpha
- Subclass Rhynchocephalia
- Subclass Squamata
- Subclass Testudinata
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Xenacoelomorpha
- Phylum Chordata
- Infrakingdom Protostomia
- Subkingdom N.N.
- Kingdom Animalia
Brusca, Moore & Schuster (2016) Edit
Brusca, Richard C.; Wendy Moore; Stephen M. Schuster (2016). Invertebrates. 3rd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc., [138].
- Non-Bilateria (a.k.a. the diploblasts) [paraphyletic group]
- Phylum Porifera
- Phylum Placozoa
- Phylum Cnidaria
- Phylum Ctenophora
- Bilateria (a.k.a. the triploblasts)
- Phylum Xenacoelomorpha
- Protostomia
- Phylum Chaetognatha
- Spiralia
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Phylum Gastrotricha
- Phylum Rhombozoa
- Phylum Orthonectida
- Phylum Nemertea
- Phylum Mollusca
- Phylum Annelida
- Phylum Entoprocta
- Phylum Cycliophora
- Gnathifera
- Phylum Gnathostomulida
- Phylum Micrognathozoa
- Phylum Rotifera (including Acanthocephala)
- Lophophorata
- Phylum Phoronida
- Phylum Bryozoa
- Phylum Brachiopoda
- Ecdysozoa
- Nematoida
- Phylum Nematoda
- Phylum Nematomorpha
- Scalidophora
- Phylum Kinorhyncha
- Phylum Priapula
- Phylum Loricifera
- Panarthropoda
- Phylum Tardigrada
- Phylum Onychophora
- Phylum Arthropoda
- Subphylum Crustacea [paraphyletic group]
- Subphylum Hexapoda
- Subphylum Myriapoda
- Subphylum Chelicerata
- Nematoida
- Deuterostomia
- Phylum Echinodermata
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
- Olfactores
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
References Edit
- Agassiz, L. (1857). Essay on Classification. In: Contributions to the Natural History of the United States. Vol. I. Little, Brown & Co., Boston [139]
- Alimov, A. F. ed. (А. Ф. Алимов). 2000. Protista 1: Handbook on zoology (Протисты 1: руководство по зоологии). St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2000, 679 pp., pp. 99-114. In Russian, with English summaries, [140].
- Brands, S.J. (1989-2015). The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands.[141].
- Gregory, W. K. (1910). The orders of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, v. 27, [142].
- Kluge N.J. (2004-2014). Nomina circumscribentia insectorum (World Wide Web electronic database). [143].
- Nielsen, C. (2010). The “new phylogeny”. What is new about it?. Palaeodiversity, 3, 149-150, [144].
- Spix, J.B. (1811). Geschichte und Beurtheilung aller Systeme in der Zoologie nach ihrer Entwicklungsfolge von Aristoteles bis auf die gegenwärtige Zeit. Nürnberg, Schrag‘sche Buchhandlung, I–XIV, 710 p. [145].