Bilateria

⧼Human Beings⧽ edit

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladi (2): Acoelomorpha – Nephrozoa
[Source: Hejnol et al. (2009)]

Genera: †Kimberella

Name edit

Bilateria Hatschek, 1888

Synonymy edit

Triploblasts Lankester, 1873

References edit

Phylogeny edit

Balavoine, G. & Adoutte, A. 1998. One or three Cambrian radiations? Science 280: 397–398. DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5362.397
Hejnol, A. et al. 2009 (online). Assessing the root of bilaterian animals with scalable phylogenomic methods. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0896
Jondelius, U., Ruiz-Trillo, I., Baguñà, J. & Riutort, M. 2002. The Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians and not members of the Platyhelminthes. Zoologica scripta 31: 201–215. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2002.00090.x
Lartillot, N. & Philippe, H. 2008. Improvement of molecular phylogenetic inference and the phylogeny of Bilateria. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society (B) 363: 1463–1472. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2236
Paps, J., Baguñà, J. & Riutort, M. 2009. Bilaterian phylogeny: a broad sampling of 13 nuclear genes provides a new Lophotrochozoa phylogeny and supports a paraphyletic basal Acoelomorpha. Molecular biology and evolution 26(10): 2397–2406. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp150
Rieger, R. & Ladurner, P. 2001. Searching for the stem species of the Bilateria. Belgian journal of zoology 131(supplement 1): 27–34. PDF.
Wallberg, A., Curini-Galletti, M., Ahmadzadeh, A. & Jondelius, U. 2007. Dismissal of Acoelomorpha: Acoela and Nemertodermatida are separate early bilaterian clades. Zoologica scripta 36: 509–523. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2007.00295.x
Zrzavý, J. 2002. Gastrotricha and metazoan phylogeny. Zoologica scripta 32: 61–81. DOI: 10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00104.x

Vernacular names edit

العربية: ثنائيات التناظر
Boarisch: Zwaaseitenviecher
беларуская: Двухбакова-сіметрычныя
български: Двустранносиметрични
català: Bilateri
Deutsch: Zweiseitentiere
English: Bilaterians
eesti: Kahekülgsed
suomi: Kaksikylkiset
Nordfriisk: Twiisidjeten
français: Bilatériens
magyar: Kétoldali szimmetriájú állatok
日本語: 左右相称動物上門 (さゆうそうしょうどうぶつじょうもん)
한국어: 좌우대칭동물(左右對稱動物)
македонски: Животни со билатерална симетрија
norsk: Bilaterier
occitan: Bilaterians
polski: Zwierzęta dwubocznie symetryczne
português: Bilaterados
русский: Двусторонне-симметричные
svenska: Tvåsidiga djur
Türkçe: Bilateral simetrililer
中文: 左右对称动物