Porifera

Aplysina aerophoba

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
Classes (4 + †1): Calcarea – Demospongiae – Hexactinellida – Homoscleromorpha – †Archaeocyatha
Genus incertae sedis (1): Placodictyum
[Source: WoRMS 2017]

Name

Porifera Grant, 1836

References

Additional references

• Bertolino, M., Cerrano, C., Bavestrello, G., Carella, M., Pansini, M., Calcinai, B. 2013. Diversity of Porifera in the Mediterranean coralligenous accretions, with description of a new species. ZooKeys, 336: 1–37. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.336.5139 Reference page. 
• Cárdenas, P., Pérez, T. & Boury-Esnault, N. 2012. Sponge Systematics facing new challenges. Advances in Marine Biology 61: 79–209. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-387787-1.00010-6
• Costa, G., Giussani, V., Kletou, D., Kleitou, P., Pansini, M., Setti, A., Pizzolotto, R. & Bertolino, M. 2018. A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean). Zootaxa 4450(5): 594–596. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4450.5.7 Reference page. 
• Erpenbeck, D. & Wörheide, G. 2007. On the molecular phylogeny of sponges (Porifera). Pp. 107–126 in: Zhang, Z.-Q. & Shear, W.A. (eds.) Linnaeus tercentenary: progress in invertebrate taxonomy. Zootaxa 1668: 1–766. Abstract & excerpt (PDF) Full article (PDF)
• George, A.M., van Soest, R.W.M., Sluka, R.D. & Lazarus, S. 2020. A checklist of marine sponges (Porifera) of peninsula India. Zootaxa 4885(2): 277–300. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4885.2.10 Reference page. 
• Ghiglione, C., Alvaro, M.C., Cecchetto, M., Canese, S., Downey, R., Guzzi, A., Mazzoli, C., Piazza, P., Rapp, H.T., Sarà, A. & Schiaparelli, S. 2018. Porifera collection of the Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA), with an updated checklist from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). ZooKeys 758: 137–156. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.758.23485. Reference page. 
• Grenier, M., Ruiz, C., Fourt, M., Santonja, M., Dubois, M., Klautau, M., Vacelet, J., Boury-Esnault, N. & Pérez, T. 2018. Sponge inventory of the French Mediterranean waters, with an emphasis on cave-dwelling species. Pp 205–228 In Klautau, M., Pérez, T., Cárdenas, P. & de Voogd, N.J. (eds.). Deep Sea and Cave Sponges. Zootaxa 4466(1): 1–237. Reference page.  Reference page. 
• Hooper, J.N.A. & Soest, R.W.M., van (eds.) 2002. Systema Porifera. Guide to the supraspecific classification of sponges and spongiomorphs (Porifera). New York: Plenum.
• Hooper, J.N.A., van Soest, R.W.M. & Pisera, A. 2011. Phylum Porifera Grant, 1826. Pp 13–18 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . Full article (PDF). Reference page. 
• Leys, S.P. & Eerkes-Medrano, D. 2005. Gastrulation in calcareous sponges: in search of Haeckel’s Gastraea. Integrative and Comparative Biology 45(2): 342–351. DOI: 10.1093/icb/45.2.342 . Reference page. 
• Medina, M., Collins, A.G., Silberman, J.D. & Sogin, M.L. 2001. Evaluating hypotheses of basal animal phylogeny using complete sequences of large and small subunit rRNA. PNAS 98(17): 9707–9712. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.171316998 . JSTOR PubMed Reference page. 
• Putra, S.A., Ambo-Rappe, R., Jompa, J. & de Voogd, N.J. 2024. Preliminary study of marine sponges (Porifera) in the littoral of Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia. ZooKeys 1208: 275–313. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1208.113603 Reference page. 
• Rios, P. & Cristobo, J. 2014. Antarctic Porifera database from the Spanish benthic expeditions. ZooKeys 401: 1-10. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.401.5522 Reference page. 
• Rützler, K., Piantoni, C., van Soest, R.W.M. & Díaz, M. C. 2014. Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa 3805(1): 1–129. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3805.1.1 Reference page. 
• Sperling, E.A., Peterson, K.J. & Pisani, D. 2009. Phylogenetic-Signal Dissection of Nuclear Housekeeping Genes Supports the Paraphyly of Sponges and the Monophyly of Eumetazoa. Molecular Biology and Evolution 26(10): 2261–2274. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msp148 . Reference page. 
• Van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Erpenbeck, D., De Voogd, N.J., Santodomingo, N., Vanhoorne, B., Kelly, M. & Hooper, J.N.A. 2012. Global diversity of sponges (Porifera). PLoS ONE 7(4): e35105. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035105
• Setiawan, E., de Voogd, N.J., Hooper, J.N.A., Wörheide, G. & Erpenbeck, D. 2016. Bottomless barrel-sponge species in the Indo-Pacific? Zootaxa 4136(2): 393–396. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4136.2.11 Reference page. 
• Van Soest, R.W.M., Kaiser, K.L. & Van Syoc, R. 2011. Sponges from Clipperton Island, East Pacific. Zootaxa 2839: 1–46. Preview (PDF)
• Voultsiadou, E., Gerovasileiou, V. & Bailly, N. 2016. Porifera of Greece: an updated checklist. Biodiversity Data Journal 4: e7984. DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.4.e7984. Reference page. 

Links

• Lavrov, Dennis. 2009. Porifera. Sponges. Version 30 March 2009 (under construction). http://tolweb.org/Porifera/2464/2009.03.30 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
• Paleobiology Database
• WoRMS. 2011. Porifera. In: Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M. & Vacelet, J. 2011. World Porifera database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=558 in October 30, 2011.

Alternative classifications

Adl et al. (2012)

• Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 ] Reference page. 

Eukaryota

• Opisthokonta Cavalier-Smith 1987, emend. Adl et al. 2005
  • Holozoa Lang et al. 2002 (R)
    • Metazoa Haeckel 1874
      • Porifera Grant 1836 (Parazoa Sollas 1884)
        • Silicispongia Schmidt 1862 (Silicea Bowerbank 1864, emend. Gray 1867)
          • Hexactinellida Schmidt 1870
            • Euplectella, Farrea, Hyalonema, Monoraphis, Lophocalyx, Semperella
          • Demospongiae Sollas 1885, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004
            • Aplysina, Axinella, Cacospongia, Chondrosia, Cliona, Euspongia, Halisarca, Hippospongia, Oscarella, Plakina, Spongilla, Suberites. Excludes Homoscleromorpha, includes Keratosa Borchiellini et al. 2004, Myxospongiae Borchiellini et al. 2004, and Haplosclerida Borchiellini et al. 2004
            • Democlavia Sperling et al. 2009, emend. Morrow et al. 2012 (R); clades (C):
              • C1 Suberitidae Schmidt 1870, Halichondriidae Gray 1867, emend. Morrow et al. 2012
              • C2 Polymastiidae Gray 1867
              • C3 Hemiasterillidae Lenderfeld 1889, emend. Morrow et al. 2012, Tethyidae Gray 1848, Timeidae Topsent 1928, Trachycladidae Hallmann 1917;
              • C4 Clionaidae d’Orbigny 1851, Spirasterillidae Ridley & Dendy 1886;
              • C5 Poecilosclerida Topsent 1928;
              • C6 Agelasida Hartman 1980, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C7 Axinellida Lévi 1973, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C10 Dictyonellidae van Soetz, Diaz & Pomponi 1990, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C11 Tetractinellida Marshall 1876, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C12 Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy 1886, emend. Morrow et al. 2012;
              • C13 Spongillidae Gray 1867;
              • C14 Scopalinidae Morrow et al. 2012.
        • Homoscleromorpha Lévi 1973, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
          • Node includes Oscarella lobularis, excludes Beroe ovata, Geodia cydonium, Hydra viridis, Leucosolenia variabilis, Oopsacas minuta
        • Calcispongia Johnston 1842 (Calcarea Bowerbank 1864)
          • Calcinea Hartman 1958, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
            • Clathrinida, Murrayona
          • Calcaronea Hartman 1958, emend. Borchiellini et al. 2004 (R)
            • Grantiopsis-Paralurilla, Vosmacropsis-Sycettusa, includes Heteropiidae, Staurorrhaphidae, Minchinellidae

Vernacular names

• Alemannisch: Schwimm
• беларуская: Губкі
• বাংলা: পরিফেরা
• català: Esponges
• corsu: Spunghe
• čeština: Houbovci
• dansk: Svampedyr
• Deutsch: Schwämme
• Ελληνικά: Σπόγγοι
• English: Sponges
• Esperanto: Spongulo
• español: Poríferos
• eesti: Käsnad
• euskara: Belaki
• suomi: Sienieläimet
• Nordfriisk: Swaampen
• français: Éponges, Porifères, Spongiaires
• galego: Esponxas
• ગુજરાતી: છિદ્રપ્રાણી સંધ
• Gaelg: Faastguinyn
• हिन्दी: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• hrvatski: Spužve
• magyar: Szivacsok
• հայերեն: Սպունգներ
• italiano: Spugne
• 日本語: 海綿動物門
• lietuvių: Pintis
• latviešu: Sūkļi
• македонски: Сунѓери
• मराठी: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• नेपाली: छिद्रप्राणी संघ
• Nederlands: Sponsdieren
• norsk: Svampdyr
• ਪੰਜਾਬੀ: ਛਿਦ੍ਰਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ ਸੰਘ
• polski: Gąbki
• português: Poríferos
• русский: Губки
• srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Spužve
• slovenčina: Hubky
• slovenščina: Spužve
• српски / srpski: Sunđeri
• svenska: Svampdjur
• தமிழ்: பஞ்சுயிரி (புழையுடலிகள்)
• ไทย: ฟองน้ำ
• Türkçe: Süngerler
• українська: Губки
• Tiếng Việt: Động vật thân lỗ
• 中文: 多孔動物門

For more multimedia, look at Porifera on Wikimedia Commons.