Placozoa

Trichoplax adhaerens

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Phylum: Placozoa
Classes: Polyplacotomia – Uniplacotomia

Name

Placozoa Grell, 1971

References

Primary references

• Grell, K.G. 1971. Trichoplax adhaerens F. E. Schulze und die Entstehung der Metazoen. Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 24(4): 160–161.

Additional references

• Ball, E.E. & Miller, D.J. 2010. Putting placozoans on the (phylogeographic) map. Molecular Ecology 19(11): 2181–2183. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04618.x . Reference page. 
• Dellaporta, S.L., Xu, A., Sagasser, S., Jakob, W., Moreno, M.A., Buss, L.W. & Schierwater, B. 2006. Mitochondrial genome of Trichoplax adhaerens supports Placozoa as the basal lower metazoan phylum. PNAS 103(23): 8751–8756. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602076103 . PDF Reference page. 
• Eitel, M., Francis, W.R., Varoqueaux, F., Daraspe, J., Osigus, H.-J., Krebs, S., Vargas, S., Blum, H., Williams, G.A., Schierwater, B. & Wörheide, G. 2018. Comparative genomics and the nature of placozoan species. PLoS Biology 16(7): e2005359. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005359 . [Correction: 16(9): e3000032. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000032 .] Reference page. 
• Eitel, M. & Schierwater, B. 2010. The phylogeography of the Placozoa suggests a taxon-rich phylum in tropical and subtropical waters. Molecular Ecology 19(11): 2315–2327. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04617.x . Reference page. 
• Ender, A. & Schierwater, B. 2003. Placozoa are not derived cnidarians: evidence from molecular morphology. Molecular Biology and Evolution 20(1): 130–134. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg018 . Reference page. 
• Gordon, D.P. 2009. 2. Phylum Placozoa: placozoans, trichoplaxes. Pp. 47–48 in: Gordon, D.P. (ed.) 2009. New Zealand inventory of biodiversity. Volume 1. Kingdom Animalia. Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. Canterbury University Press: Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 978-1-87725772-8. Reference page.  Reference page.  [p. 47, '[Placozoa have] not yet been found in New Zealand waters but almost certainly occurs here']
• Miller, D.J. & Ball, E.E. 2009. Animal Evolution: The Enigmatic Phylum Placozoa Revisited. Current Biology 15(1): R26-R28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.12.016 . Reference page. 
• Pearse, V.B. & Voigt, O. 2007. Field biology of placozoans (Trichoplax): distribution, diversity, biotic interactions. Integrative and Comparative Biology 47(5): 677–692. DOI: 10.1093/icb/icm015 . Reference page. 
• Schierwater, B., de Jong, D. & DeSalle, R. 2009. Placozoa and the evolution of Metazoa and intrasomatic cell differentiation. International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 41(2): 370–379. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2008.09.023 . Reference page. 
• Schierwater, B., Kamm, K., Srivastava, M., Rokhsar, D., Rosengarten, R.D. & Dellaporta, S.L. 2008. The early ANTP gene repertoire: insights from the placozoan genome. PLoS ONE 3(8): e2457. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002457 . Reference page. 
• Signorovitch, A.Y., Buss, L.W. & Dellaporta, S.L. 2007. Comparative Genomics of Large Mitochondria in Placozoans. PLoS Genetics 3(1): e13. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030013 . Reference page. 
• Signorovitch, A.Y., Dellaporta, S.L. & Buss, L.W. 2006. Caribbean placozoan phylogeography. Biological Bulletin 211(2): 149–156. DOI: 10.2307/4134589 . Reference page. 
• Silva, F.B., Muschner, V.C. & Bonatto, S.L. 2007. Phylogenetic position of Placozoa based on large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes. Genetics and Molecular Biology 30(1): 127–132. DOI: 10.1590/S1415-47572007000100022 . Reference page. 
• Srivastava, M., Begovic, E., Chapman, J., Putnam, N.H., Hellsten, U., Kawashima, T., Kuo, A., Mitros, T., Salamov, A., Carpenter, M.L., Signorovitch, A.Y., Moreno, M.A., Kamm, K., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Shapiro, H., Grigoriev, I.V., Buss, L.W., Schierwater, B., Dellaporta, S.L. & Rokhsar, D.S. 2008. The Trichoplax genome and the nature of placozoans. Nature 454: 955–960. DOI: 10.1038/nature07191 . Reference page. 
• Tessler, M., Neumann, J.S., Kamm, K., Osigus, H.-J., Eshel, G., Narechania, A., Burns, J.A., DeSalle, R. & Schierwater, B. 2022. Phylogenomics and the first higher taxonomy of Placozoa, an ancient and enigmatic animal phylum. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10: 1016357. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1016357 . Reference page. 
• Voigt, O., Collins, A.G., Pearse, V.B., Pearse, J.S., Ender, A., Hadrys, H. & Schierwater, B. 2004. Placozoa – no longer a phylum of one. Current Biology 14(22): R944-R945. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.036 . hdl: 10088/6257 . Reference page. 

Links

• Placozoa in the Placozoa Database
• Catalogue of Life: 2012 Annual Checklist
• EoL

Vernacular names

• Alemannisch: Plattetierer
• čeština: Vločkovci
• español: Placozoos
• eesti: Naastloomad
• suomi: Laakkoeläimet
• Nordfriisk: Skiiwdiarten
• ગુજરાતી: પટ્ટપ્રાણી સંઘ
• हिन्दी: पट्टप्राणी संघ
• magyar: Korongállatkák
• 日本語: 平板動物門、板形動物門
• 한국어: 판형동물문
• lietuvių: Plokščiagyvis
• latviešu: Plakozoji
• मराठी: पट्टप्राणी संघ
• नेपाली: पट्टप्राणी संघ
• Nederlands: Plakdiertjes
• polski: Płaskowce
• português: Placozoários
• русский: Плакозои/Пластинчатые
• svenska: Placozoer
• Türkçe: En ilkel çokhücreliler

For more multimedia, look at Placozoa on Wikimedia Commons.