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杰出作者

Mary Agnes Chase
1869–1963. Standard IPNI form: Chase

Mary Agnes Chase, née Merrill, was an American botanist who worked at the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Smithsonian Institution. She is considered one of the world's outstanding agrostologists and is known for her work on the study of grasses, and also for her work as a suffragist. Chase was born in Iroquois County, Illinois and held no formal education beyond grammar school. That aside, she made significant contributions to the field of botany, authored over 70 scientific publications, and was conferred with an honorary doctorate in science from the University of Illinois. She specialized in the study of grasses and conducted extensive field work in North- as well as and South America. Her Smithsonian Field Books collection from 1897 to 1959 is archived in the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

In 1901, Chase became a botanical assistant at the Field Museum of Natural History under Charles Frederick Millspaugh, where her work was featured in two museum publications: Plantae Utowanae (1900) and Plantae Yucatanae (1904). Two years later, Chase joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as a botanical illustrator and eventually became a scientific assistant in systematic agrostology (1907), assistant botanist (1923), and associate botanist (1925), all under Albert Spear Hitchcock. Chase worked with Hitchcock for almost twenty years, collaborating closely and also publishing, for instance The North American Species of Panicum (1910).

Following Hitchcock's death in 1936, Chase succeeded him to become senior botanist in charge of systematic agrostology and custodian of the Section of Grasses, Division of Plants at the United States National Museum (USNM). Chase retired from the USDA in 1939, but continued her work as custodian of the USNM grass herbarium until her death in 1963. She was an Honorary Fellow of the Smithsonian Institution (1959) and Fellow of the Linnean Society of London (1961). Agnesia is named in her honour (a monotypic genus of herbaceous South American bamboo in the grass family).

Chase experienced discrimination based on her gender in the scientific field, for example, being excluded from expeditions to Panama in 1911 and 1912 because the expedition's benefactors feared the presence of women researchers would distract men. During World War I, Chase marched with Alice Paul and was jailed several times for her activities. In 1918, she was arrested at the Silent Sentinels rally picketing the White House; she refused bail and was held for 10 days, where she instigated a hunger-strike and was force-fed. The USDA accused her of "conduct unbecoming a government employee," but Hitchcock helped her keep her job. Chase was also an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).

See also: Distinguished authors of previous months.

Species of the month

Oak Mistletoe

Phoradendron leucarpum

Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C.Johnst. Taxon 38: 107 (1989).

Some facts about this plant:

Distribution: It is native to the United States and Mexico.
Protection status: Not evaluated.
Etymology: The Greek generic name Phoradendron means "carried upon the tree" and leucarpum refers to their white fruit.

Oak Mistletoe is a hemiparasitic plant with leathery and thick, opposite leaves. While it can photosynthesize like a normal plant, it has no true ground roots. Instead, like other mistletoes it attaches itself to the branches of trees and relies on tube-like hypocotyledonous stems (hypocotyls) to take water and mineral nutrients from the host. Over 60 species of trees are hosts to Phoradendron leucarpum, especially trees in the genera of Acer (maples), Fraxinus (ash), Juglans (walnuts), Nyssa (pepperidge trees), Platanus (plane trees), Populus, (poplars) Quercus (oaks), Salix (willows), and Ulmus (elms).

This species is used in North America as a surrogate for the similar European mistletoe (Viscum album), in Christmas decoration and associated traditions (such as "kissing under the mistletoe"), as well as in rituals by modern druids. It is commercially harvested and sold for those purposes. The sticky substance covering the fruits is toxic to humans, but eaten by some butterflies and birds like for example Silky-flycatchers (Ptiliogonatidae) and Mockingbirds (Mimus and Melanotis).
Source: Species-2022-09

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