Polycystina

Taxonavigation edit

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Rhizaria
Clade: Retaria
Phylum: Radiozoa
Classis: Polycystina
Ordines: Collodaria – Nassellaria – Spumellaria

Ordines (to be revised): †Albaillellaria - †Archaeospicularia - Entactinaria - †Latentifistularia

Name edit

Polycystina Ehrenberg, 1838, emend. Riedel, 1967

Synonyms

Polycystinea Levine et al., 1980 [?]

References edit

Boltovskoy, D. 1999. Radiolaria Polycystina. p. 149-212. In: South Atlantic zooplankton. D. Boltovskoy (Editor). Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, vol. 1, p. 868, [1].
Boltovskoy, D.; Anderson, O.R.; Correa, N.M. (2017). Radiolaria and Phaeodaria. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-33. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_19-2
Cavalier-Smith, T.: Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa, Europ. J. Protistol. 39: 338–348 (2003).
Corliss J.O. 1984: The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla
De Wever, Dumitrica, Caulet, Nigrini & Caridroit (2001), Radiolarians in the sedimentary record. Gordon & Breach Science Publ., 533 p.
Ikenoue, T., Bjørklund, K. R., Dumitrica, P., Krabberød, A. K., Kimoto, K., Matsuno, K., & Harada, N. (2016). Two new living Entactinaria (Radiolaria) species from the Arctic province: Joergensenium arcticum n. sp. and Joergensenium clevei n. sp. Marine Micropaleontology, 124, 75-94.
Protist classification at micro*scope, May 2001. (CC)
Lazarus, D., Suzuki, N., Caulet, J-P., Nigrini, C., Goll, I., Goll, R.M., Dolven, J.K., Diver, P. & Sanfilippo, A. 2015. An evaluated list of Cenozic-Recent radiolarian species names (Polycystinea), based on those used in the DSDP, ODP and IODP deep-sea drilling programs. Zootaxa 3999(3): 301–333. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3999.3.1. Preview (PDF) Full article (PDF) Reference page.

Links edit

Classifications edit

Cachon, Cachon, & Estep, in Margulis et al. (1990) edit

Cachon, J., Cachon, M. & Estep, K.W., 1990. 20a. Phylum Actinopoda, Classes Polycystina (=Radiolaria) and Phaeodaria. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 334-346. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [2].

Kingdom Protoctista

Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 20. Actinopoda
  - Class Polycystina
  - Class Phaeodaria
  - Class Heliozoa
  - Class Acantharia

Cavalier-Smith (1993) edit

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, [3].

Kingdom 1. Protozoa
- Phylum 2. Radiozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1987
  - Subphylum 1. Spasmaria subph. nov.
    - Class 1. Acantharea Haeckel, 1881 stat. nov.
      - Subclass 1. Holacanthia subcl. nov. (orders Holacanthida Schewiakoff, 1926; Plegmacantha, Rechetniak, 1981)
      - Subclass 2. Euacanthia subcl. nov. (3 orders)
    - Class 2. Sticholonchea Poche, 1913 stat. nov. Petrushevskaja, 1977
  - Subphylum 2. Radiolaria Muller, 1858 emend. stat. nov.
    - Class 1. Polycystinea Ehrenberg, 1838 stat. nov.
      - Subclass 1. Spumellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
      - Subclass 2. Nassellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
    - Class 2. Phaeodarea Haeckel, 1879

Anderson et al., in Lee et al. (2000) edit

Anderson, O.R., Nigrini, C., Boltovskoy, D., Takahashi, K. & Swanberg, N.R., 2000. Class Polycystinea. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 994-1022, [4]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [5].

In “protozoa”, “amoeboid protists”

Class Polycystina Ehrenberg, 1838, emend. Riedel, 1967a
- 1 Order Spumellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
  - 01 Genus Styptosphaera Haeckel, 1887
  - 02 Genus Plegmosphaera Haeckel, 1881
  - 03 Genus Otosphaera Haeckel, 1887
  - 04 Genus Cenosphaera Ehrenberg, 1854
  - 05 Genus Cladococcus Mueller, 1856
  - 06 Genus Acanthosphaera Ehrenberg, 1858
  - 07 Genus Centrocubus Haeckel, 1887
  - 08 Genus Octodendron Haeckel, 1887
  - 09 Genus Spongoliva Haeckel, 1887
  - 10 Genus Spongosphaera Ehrenberg, 1847
  - 11 Genus Spongoplegma Haeckel, 1881
  - 12 Genus Carposphaera Haeckel, 1881
  - 13 Genus Thecosphaera E. Haeckel, 1881
  - 14 Genus Stylacontarium Popofsky, 1912
  - 15 Genus Stylatractus Haeckel, 1887
  - 16 Genus Druppatractus Haeckel, 1887
  - 17 Genus Hexalonche E. Haeckel, 1881
  - 18 Genus Cromyechinus E. Haeckel, 1881
  - 19 Genus Larcopyle Dreyer, 1889
  - 20 Genus Tetrapyle Muller, 1858
  - 21 Genus Hexapyle Haeckel, 1881
  - 22 Genus Pylolena Haeckel, 1887
  - 23 Genus Spongocore Haeckel, 1887
  - 24 Genus Spongurus Haeckel, 1860
  - 25 Genus Amphirhopalum Haeckel, 1881
  - 26 Genus Ommatodiscus Stöhr, 1880
  - 27 Genus Stylochlamydium Haeckel, 1887
  - 28 Genus Stylodictya Ehrenberg, 1847
  - 29 Genus Spongopyle Dreyer, 1889
  - 30 Genus Spongotrochus Haeckel, 1860
  - 31 Genus Spongodiscus Ehrenberg, 1854
  - 32 Family Thalassicollidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Actissa Haeckel, 1884
    - 2 Genus Lampoxanthium Haeckel, 1887
    - 3 Genus Physematium Meyen, 1834
    - 4 Genus Thalassicolla Huxley, 1851
    - 5 Genus Thalassolampe Haeckel, 1862
    - 6 Genus Thalassoplancta Haeckel, 1887
    - 7 Genus Thalassosphaera Haeckel, 1862
    - 8 Genus Thalassoxanthium Haeckel, 1887
  - 33 Family Collozoidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Collozoum Haeckel, 1862
    - 2 Genus Rhaphidozoum Haeckel, 1862
    - 3 Genus Sphaerozoum Meyen, 1834
  - 34 Family Collosphaeridae J. Müller, 1858b
    - 1 Genus Acrosphaera Haeckel, 1881
    - 2 Genus Buccinosphaera Haeckel, 1887
    - 3 Genus Collosphaera Müller, 1855
    - 4 Genus Disolenia Ehrenberg, 1861
    - 5 Genus Siphonosphaera Müller, 1858
  - 35 Family Actinommidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Actinomma Haeckel, 1860
    - 2 Genus Astrosphaera Haeckel, 1887
    - 3 Genus Hexacontium Haeckel, 1881
    - 4 Genus Saturnalis Haeckel, 1881
    - 5 Genus Staurolonche Haeckel, 1881
  - 36 Family Phacodiscidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Heliodiscus Haeckel, 1862
  - 37 Family Coccodiscidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Didymocyrtis Haeckel, 1861
  - 38 Family Spongodiscidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Euchitonia Ehrenberg, 1860
    - 2 Genus Hymeniastrum Ehrenberg, 1847
    - 3 Genus Spongaster Ehrenberg, 1860
  - 39 Family Pyloniidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Octopyle Haeckel, 1881
  - 40 Family Tholoniidae Haeckel, 1887
    - 1 Genus Tholostaurus Haeckel, 1887
  - 41 Family Litheliidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Larcospira Haeckel, 1887
    - 2 Genus Lithelius Haeckel, 1860b
- 2 Order Nassellaria Ehrenberg, 1875
  - 01 Genus Nephrospyris Haeckel, 1887
  - 02 Genus Lithocircus Müller, 1856
  - 03 Genus Neosemantis Popofsky, 1913
  - 04 Genus Pseudocubus
  - 05 Genus Lophophaen [see Genus Lophophaena Ehrenberg, 1847]
  - 06 Genus Peromelissa Haeckel, 1881
  - 07 Genus Arachnocorys Haeckel, 1860
  - 08 Genus Cycladophora
  - 09 Genus Lampromitra Haeckel, 1881
  - 10 Genus Eucecryphalus Haeckel, 1861
  - 11 Genus Theopilium Haeckel, 1881
  - 12 Genus Litharachnium
  - 13 Genus Cornutella Ehrenberg, [1839]
  - 14 Genus Antarctissa Petrushevskaya, 1967
  - 15 Genus Acanthocorys Haeckel, 1881
  - 16 Genus Pterocanium Ehrenberg, 1847
  - 17 Genus Dictyophimus Ehrenberg, 1847
  - 18 Genus Lipmanella Loeblich & Tappan, 1961
  - 19 Genus Clathrocyclas Haeckel, 1881
  - 20 Genus Cyrtopera Haeckel, 1881
  - 21 Genus Stichopilium Haeckel, 1881
  - 22 Genus Lithostrobus Haeckel, 1887
  - 23 Genus Siphocampe Haeckel, 1881
  - 24 Genus Triceraspyris Haeckel, 1881
  - 25 Genus Phormospyris Haeckel, 1881
  - 26 Genus Centrobotrys Petrushevskaya, 1965
  - 27 Genus Botryocyrtis Ehrenberg, 1860
  - 28 Family Plagoniidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Callimitra Haeckel, 1881
    - 2 Genus Clathrocanium Ehrenberg, 1860
    - 3 Genus Clathrocorys Haeckel, 1881
    - 4 Genus Phormacantha Jörgensen, 1905
    - 5 Genus Sethophormis Haeckel, 1887
    - 6 Genus Triplagia Haeckel, 1881
    - 7 Genus Triplecta Haeckel, 1881
    - 8 Genus Zygocircus Bütschli, 1882
  - 29 Family Acanthodesmiidae Haeckel, 1862
    - 1 Genus Acanthodesmia Müller, 1856
    - 2 Genus Dendrospyris Haeckel, 1881
    - 3 Genus Liriospyris Haeckel, 1881
    - 4 Genus Lophospyris Haeckel, 1881
    - 5 Genus Tholospyris Haeckel, 1881
  - 30 Family Theoperidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Eucyrtidium Ehrenberg, 1847
    - 2 Genus Lithopera Ehrenberg, 1847
    - 3 Genus Peripyramis Haeckel, 1881
  - 31 Family Carpocaniidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Carpocanistrum Haeckel, 1887
  - 32 Family Pterocorythidae Haeckel, 1881, emend. Riedel, 1967b, emend. Moore, 1972
    - 1 Genus Anthocyrtidium Haeckel, 1881
    - 2 Genus Lamprocyclas Haeckel, 1881
    - 3 Genus Lamprocyrtis Kling, 1973
    - 4 Genus Pterocorys Haeckel, 1881
    - 5 Genus Theocorythium Haeckel, 1887
  - 33 Family Artostrobiidae Riedel, 1967a, emend. Foreman, 1973
    - 1 Genus Botryostrobus Haeckel, 1887
    - 2 Genus Phormostichoartus Campbell, 1951
    - 3 Genus Spirocyrtis Haeckel, 1882
  - 34 Family Cannobotryidae Haeckel, 1881
    - 1 Genus Acrobotrys Haeckel, 1881
    - 2 Genus Botryopyle Haeckel, 1881
    - 3 Genus Saccospyris Haecker, 1907

Adl et al. (2012) edit

Adl, S.M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, [6].

Eukaryota Chatton, 1925

Sar Burki et al. 2007
- Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
  - Retaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
    - Polycystinea Ehrenberg 1838, emend. Haeckel 1887
      - Spumellaria Ehrenberg 1875, Haeckel 1887, emend. Riedel 1967
        Actinomma, Didymocyrtis, Euchitonia, Hexacontium, Hexalonche, Hexastylus, Octodendron, Plegmosphaera, Saturnalis, Spongaster, Spongosphaera
      - Nassellaria Ehrenberg 1875, emend. Haeckel 1887
        Artostrobus, Eucyrtidium, Lithomelissa, Pterocanium, Pterocorys
      - Collodaria Haeckel 1887
        Acrosphaera, Collosphaera, Collozoum, Sphaerozoum, Rhaphidozoum, Siphonsphaera, Thalassicolla