Wikispecies

Vertebrata (classifications)

Taxonavigation edit

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata

Name edit

Vertebrata Cuvier, 1800, Lamarck, 1801

Synonyms

  • Ossea Batsch, 1788
  • Osteozoaria de Blainville
  • Osteozoa Nitzsch
  • Sarcozoa Oken
  • Myeloneura Ehrenberg
  • Myelencephala Owen
  • Rückenmarkthiere Ehrenberg
  • Rückgratthiere Wiegm.
  • Spini-cérébraux Latreille
  • Spini-cerebrata Grant
  • Spondylozoa Eichw., 1829

Classifications edit

Batsch (1788-1789) edit

Batsch, J. G. C. Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien. Erster Theil: Allgemeine Geschichte der Natur; besondre der Säugthiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische, 1788. Zweyter Theil. Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien, 1789. Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung.

Thiere [p. 81-89]

  • Knochenthiere, Ossea
    • I. Cl. Säugthiere, Mammalia
    • II. Cl. Vögel, Aves
    • III. Cl. Amphibien, Amphibia
    • IV. Cl. Fische, Pisces
  • Schaalentiere, Crustacea
    • V. Cl. Insekten, Insecta
  • Unvollkommenen thiere
    • VI. Cl. Würmer, Vermes

Cuvier (1800) edit

Leçons d'anatomie comparée, 1st ed., vol. 1. Paris, année VIII [1800], [1]. See Gregory (1910).

Tableau general des classes des animaux [foldout, p. 496-497]

  • Animaux
    • Vertébrés
      • Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
        • Vivipares : des mammeles (1. Mammifères, Mammalia)
        • Ovipares : point des mammeles (2. Oiseaux, Aves)
      • Sang froid : coeur à un ventricule
        • Des poumons, accompagnés quelquefois des branchies (3. Reptiles, Amphibia)
        • Des branchies, sans poumons (4. Poissons, Pisces)
    • Invertébrés

Lamarck (1801) edit

Lamarck, J. B. (1801). Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris: Chez l’auteur, [2], [3].

  • Animaux à vetèrbres
    • Mammaux
    • Oiseaux
    • Reptiles
    • Poissons
  • Animaux sans vetèrbres

Bonaparte (1837) edit

New systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XVIII, pp. 247, [4].

Animalia Vertebrata

  • Classis I. Mammalia
  • Classis II. Aves
  • Classis III. Amphibia
  • Classis IV. Pisces

Owen (1868) edit

On the anatomy of vertebrates, 3 vols, [5].

Province Myelencephala, seu Vertebrata [v. 3, pp. 839-847]

  • Class Mammalia
  • Class Aves
  • Class Reptilia
  • Class Pisces

Haeckel (1874) edit

Anthropogenie, oder Entwickelungs-geschichte des Menschen. 1st ed., 1874, [6]. 2nd unchanged ed., 1874, [7], see pp. 416, 421, 440, 441, 492, 496b.

  • Thierreich
    • Protozoa
    • Zoophyta
    • Vermes
    • Mollusca
    • Echinoderma
    • Arthropoda
    • Chordonia [p. 441]
      • Tunicata
      • Vertebrata
        • Acrania
          • Leptocardia
        • Craniota
          • Monorhina
            • Cyclostoma
          • Amphirhina
            • Anamnia
              • Pisces
              • Dipneusta
              • Amphibia
            • Amniota
              • Reptilia
              • Aves
              • Mammalia
                • Monotrema
                • Marsupialia
                • Placentalia

Hatschek (1888) edit

Hatschek, B. (1888). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 1. Lieferung, p. 40; Jena: Gustav Fischer, [8].

  • Protozoa
  • Metazoa
    • Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
      • Spongia
      • Cnidaria
      • Ctenophora
    • Heteraxonia (= Bilateria)
      • Zygoneura
      • Ambulacralia [misspelling of Ambulacraria]
      • Chordonii
        • Tunicata
        • Leptocardii
        • Vertebrata
          • Cyclostomata
          • Gnathostomata

Cope (1891-1898) edit

Cope, E. D. (1891-1898). Syllabus of lectures on geology and paleontology. 4 vols. Publ. Univ. Penn. From Gregrory (1910).

Cope, E. D. (1898). Syllabus of lectures on the Vertebrata. Publ. Univ. Penn, [9].

Vertebrata (or Chordata)

  • Superclass Hemichorda
    • Class Helminthophyta
  • Superclass Urochorda
    • Class Tunicata
  • Superclass Cephalochorda
    • Class Acrania
  • Superclass Craniata
    • Class Agnatha
    • Class Pisces
    • Class Batrachia
    • Class Monocondylia
      • Subclass Reptilia
      • Subclass Aves
    • Class Mammalia
      • Subclass Prototheria
      • Subclass Eutheria

Haeckel (1894-1896) edit

Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [10]. See Kluge (2004-2015), [11].


[Vol. 1, p. 90-91:]

  • Pflanzen
    • Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma)
    • Metaphyta (Histones plasmodomi)
  • Thieren
    • Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
    • Metazoa (Histones plasmophagi)

[Vol. 2, p. 3-11:]

  • Metazoa
    • Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
      • Gastraeades (Prometazoa)
      • Spongiae (Porifera)
      • Cnidaria (Acephalae)
      • Platodes (Plathelminthes)
    • Coelomaria (Coelomata, Bilateria ss. str., Bilaterata)
      • Vermalia (Helminthes ss. str.)
      • Mollusca (Malacozoa)
      • Articulata (Arthrozoa)
      • Echinoderma (Astromia)
      • Chordonia (Chordata)
        • Tunicata (Urochorda)
        • Vertebrata (Cephalochorda)

[Vol. 3, p. 18:]

  • Vertebrata, “Bildungsstufen der paarigen Gliedmaassen”
    • Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
      • Classe Acrania
      • Classe Cyclostoma
    • Polydactylia (Vertebrata pinnifera) = Quadrupinna (Ingenicata)
      • Classe Pisces
      • Classe Dipneusta
    • Pentadactylia (Vertebrata pentanomia) = Quadrupeda oder Tetrapoda (Geniculata)
      • Classe Amphibia
      • Classe Reptilia
      • Classe Dracones
      • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

[Vol. 3, p. 18:]

  • Vertebrata, “Stufen der Herzbildung”
    • Leptocardia
      • Classe Acrania
    • Ichthyocardia
      • Classe Cyclostoma
      • Classe Pisces
    • Amphicardia
      • Classe Dipneusta
      • Classe Amphibia
      • Classe Reptilia
    • Thermocardia
      • Classe Dracones
      • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

[Vol. 3, p. 20-21:]

  • Vertebrata
    • Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
      • Classe Acrania
      • Classe Cyclostoma
    • Hauptgruppe Anamnia (Ichthyopsida)
        • Classe Pisces
        • Classe Dipneusta
        • Classe Amphibia
    • Hauptgruppe Amniota (Allantoidia, Ebranchiata)
      • Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
        • Classe Reptilia
        • Classe Dracones
        • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

Young (1962) edit

The life of vertebrates, 2nd ed., [12].

  • Phylum Chordata [p. 24, 81]
    • Subphylum 1. Hemichordata (e.g., Balanoglossus, Cephalodiscus, Rhabdopleura)
    • Subphylum 2. Cephalochordata (= Acrania) (e.g., Branchiostoma)
    • Subphylum 3. Tunicata (e.g., Ciona)
    • Subphylum 4. Vertebrata (= Craniata)
      • Superclass 1. Agnatha
        • Class 1. Cyclostomata
          • Order 1. Petromyzontia (e.g., Petromyzon, Lampetra, Entosphenus, Geotria, Mordacia)
          • Order 2. Myxinoidea (e.g., Myxine, Bdellostoma)
        • Class 2. †Osteostraci (e.g., †Cephalaspis, †Tremataspis)
        • Class 3. †Anaspida (e.g., †Birkenia, †Jamoytius)
        • Class 4. †Heterostraci (e.g., †Astraspis, †Pteraspis, †Drepanaspis)
        • Class 5. †Coelolepida (e.g., †Thelodus, †Lanarkia)
      • Superclass 2. Gnathostomata
        • Class 1. †Placodermi (e.g., †Acanthodes)
        • Class 2. Elasmobranchii
        • Class 3. Actinopterygii
        • Class 4. Crossopterygii
        • Class 5. Amphibia
        • Class 6. Reptilia
        • Class 7. Aves
        • Class 8. Mammalia

Romer (1966) edit

Romer, A. S. 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1933; 2nd ed. 1945).

Subphylum Vertebrata

Nelson (1969) edit

Nelson, G.J. (1969) Gill arches and the phylogeny of fishes, with notes on the classification of vertebrates. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 141, 475-552.Subphylum Vertebrata

  • Superclass Cyclostomata
  • Superclass Gnathostomata
    • Class Elasmobranchiomorphi
      • †Subclass Acanthodii
      • Subclass Holocephali
      • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Class Teleostomi
      • Subclass Actinopterygii
        • Infraclass Chondrostei
        • Infraclass Neopterygii
          • Division Holostei
          • Division Teleostei
            • Cohort Osteoglossomorpha
            • Cohort Clupeomorpha
            • Cohort Elopomorpha
            • Cohort Euteleostei
              • Superorder Protacanthopterygii
              • Superorder Ostariophysi
              • Superorder Neoteleostei
                • Series Atherinomorpha
                • Series Myctophiformes
                • Series Paracanthopterygii
                • Series Acanthopterygii
      • Subclass Sarcopterygii
        • Infraclass Brachiopterygii
        • Infraclass Coelacanthini
        • Infraclass Dipnoi
        • Infraclass Choanata
          • †Division Rhipidistia
          • Division Batrachomorpha
          • Division Reptilomorpha
            • Cohort Sauropsida
              • Superorder Chelonia
              • Superorder Lepidosauria
                • Series Rhynchocephalia
                • Series Squamata
              • Superorder Archosauria
                • Series Crocodilia
                • Series Aves
            • Cohort Mammalia
              • Superorder Prototheria
              • Superorder Theria
                • Series Metatheria
                • Series Eutheria

Romer & Parsons (1977) edit

Romer, A.S. & T.S. Parsons. 1977. The Vertebrate Body. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, [13].

Phylum Chordata

Carrol (1987) edit

Carroll, KL. (1987). Vertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution, W.H. Freeman, New York. From Minelli (1993).

Vertebrata

  • Class Agnatha
    • Subclass †Pteraspidomorphi (Diplorhina)
    • Subclass Cephalaspidomorpha
    • Agnatha incertae sedis
      • Order Myxiniformes
  • Class †Placodermi
  • Class Chondrichthyes
    • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Subclass Holocephali
    • Chondrichthyes incertae sedis
  • Class incertae sedis †Acanthodii
  • Class Osteichthyes
    • Subclass Actinopterygii
      • Infraclass Chondrostei
      • Infraclass Neopterygii
        • Division Teleostei
          • Subdivision Euteleostei
    • Subclass Sarcopterygii
  • Class Amphibia
    • Subclass †Labyrinthodontia
    • Amphibia incertae sedis
      • Order †Diadectida
    • Subclass †Lepospondyli
    • Subclass not stated
      • Order Urodela
      • Order †Proanura
      • Order Anura
  • Class Reptilia
    • Subclass †Anapsida
    • Subclass Testudinata
    • Subclass Diapsida
    • Subclass †Ichthyopterygia
    • Subclass †Synapsida
  • Class Aves
    • Subclass †Archaeornithes
    • Subclass Neornithes
  • Class Mammalia
    • Subclass Prototheria
    • Subclass †Allotheria
    • Subclass Theria
    • Mammaiia incertae sedis

Hennig (1985) edit

Hennig, W. (1985). Stammesgeschichte der Chordaten. Ztschr. Zool. Syst. Evol.-forsch., Beihefte: Fortschr. Zool. Syst. Evol.-forsch., 2, 1-208. From Minelli (1993).

  • [A. Echinodennata]
  • B. Chordata
  • B.1 Tunicata
  • B.11 Ascidiacea
  • B.12 Pelagotunicata
  • B.12.1 Pyrosomida
  • B.12.2 Larvacea
  • B.12.3 Cyclomyaria
  • B.12.4 Desmomyaria
  • B.2 Vertebrata
  • B.21 Acrania
  • B.22 Craniota
  • B.22.1 Agnatha
  • B.22.2 Gnathostomata
  • B.22.21 Chondrichthyes
  • B .22.21.1 Elasmobranchia
  • B.22.21.2 Holocephali
  • B .22.22 Osteognathostomata
  • B.22.22.1 Actinopterygii s. l.
  • B.22.22.1.C.1 Brachyopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.2 Actinopterygii s. str.
  • B.22.22.1.C.21 Palaeopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.22 Neopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.1 Rhomboganoidea
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2 Teleostei s. l.
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2.D.1 Cyc1oganoidea
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2.D.2 Teleostei s. str.
  • B.22.22.2 Choanatae
  • B.22.22.21 Dipnoi
  • B.22.22.22 Kinocrania
  • B.22.22.22.1 Coelacanthi
  • B.22.22.22.2 Tetrapoda
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.1 Amphibia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.11 Gymnophiona
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.12 Caudata
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.13 Salientia (Anura)
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.2 Amniota
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21 Lepidosauria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21.D.1 Rhynchocephalia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21.D.2 Squamata
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22 Testudines
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22.D.l Pleurodira
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22.D.2 Cryptodira
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23 Archosauromorpha
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23.D.1 Crocodilia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23.D.2 Aves
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24 Mammalia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.1 Prototheria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.2 Theria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.22 Eutheria (Placentalia)

Carrol (1987) edit

Carroll, KL. (1987). Vertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution, W.H. Freeman, New York. From Minelli (1993).

Vertebrata

  • Class Agnatha
    • Subclass †Pteraspidomorphi (Diplorhina)
    • Subclass Cephalaspidomorpha
    • Agnatha incertae sedis
      • Order Myxiniformes
  • Class †Placodermi
  • Class Chondrichthyes
    • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Subclass Holocephali
    • Chondrichthyes incertae sedis
  • Class incertae sedis †Acanthodii
  • Class Osteichthyes
    • Subclass Actinopterygii
      • Infraclass Chondrostei
      • Infraclass Neopterygii
        • Division Teleostei
          • Subdivision Euteleostei
    • Subclass Sarcopterygii
  • Class Amphibia
    • Subclass †Labyrinthodontia
    • Amphibia incertae sedis
      • Order †Diadectida
    • Subclass †Lepospondyli
    • Subclass not stated
      • Order Urodela
      • Order †Proanura
      • Order Anura
  • Class Reptilia
    • Subclass †Anapsida
    • Subclass Testudinata
    • Subclass Diapsida
    • Subclass †Ichthyopterygia
    • Subclass †Synapsida
  • Class Aves
    • Subclass †Archaeornithes
    • Subclass Neornithes
  • Class Mammalia
    • Subclass Prototheria
    • Subclass †Allotheria
    • Subclass Theria
    • Mammaiia incertae sedis

Cavalier-Smith (1998) edit

A revised six-kingdom system of life, [14].

  • Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
    • Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]
      • Branch 2. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
        • Infrakingdom 2. Chordonia Haeckel 1874 em. Hatschek 1888 stat. nov.
          • Phylum 1. Urochorda Lankester 1877
          • Phylum 2. Chordata Bateson 1885 em.
            • Subphylum 1. Acraniata Bleeker 1859 [probably paraphyletic]
            • Subphylum 2. Vertebrata Cuvier 1812 (= Craniota Haeckel, Craniata auct.)

Benton (2004) edit

Vertebrate Palaeontology, 3rd ed, [15].

Phylum Chordata

  • Subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata)
  • Subphylum Cephalochordata (Acraniata)
  • Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata)
    • Class 'Agnatha' (paraphyletic)
      • Subclass Myxinoidea
      • Subclass Petromyzontida
      • †Subclass Conodonta
      • †Subclass Pteraspidomorphi
      • †Order Anaspida
      • †Order Thelodonti
      • Subclass unnamed
      • Infraphylum Gnathostomata
        • †Class Placodermi
        • Class Chondrichthyes
        • †Class Acanthodii
        • Class Osteichthyes
          • †Psarolepis
          • Subclass Actinopterygii
          • Subclass Sarcopterygii (incl. Superclass Tetrapoda)

Pough et al. (2006) edit

From The vertebrate life, 6th ed.

[extant vertebrates, fig. 1.4:]

[fig 3.3:]

Kardong (2015) edit

Kardong, K. (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 7th edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata)


Tedersoo (2017) edit

Tedersoo, L. (2017). Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly and comparable divergence time criteria. BioRxiv, 240929.

Phylum Craniata

References edit

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