Chiroptera

Corynorhinus townsendii

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Chiroptera

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Synapsida Cladus: Eupelycosauria Cladus: Metopophora Cladus: Haptodontiformes Cladus: Sphenacomorpha Cladus: Sphenacodontia Cladus: Pantherapsida Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea Cladus: Therapsida Cladus: Theriodontia Cladus: Eutheriodontia Cladus: Cynodontia Cladus: Epicynodontia Cladus: Eucynodontia Cladus: Probainognathia Cladus: Prozostrodontia Cladus: Mammaliamorpha Cladus: Mammaliaformes Classis: Mammalia Cladus: Theriimorpha Cladus: Theriiformes Cladus: Trechnotheria Cladus: Cladotheria Cladus: Prototribosphenida Cladus: Zatheria Cladus: Tribosphenida Subclassis: Theria Cladus: Eutheria Infraclassis: Placentalia Magnordo: Boreoeutheria Superordo: Laurasiatheria Cladus: Scrotifera Ordo: Chiroptera

‎Classis: Mammalia
Cladus: Scrotifera
Ordo: Chiroptera
Subordines (2): Yangochiroptera – Yinpterochiroptera
[source: sensu Springer et al. (2001)]

Name

Chiroptera Blumenbach, 1779: 58

Classifications

• Traditional view sensu Dobson (1875): Megachiroptera – Microchiroptera
  
• Alternative view sensu Hutcheon & Kirsch (2004): Pteropodiformes – Vespertilioniformes
  

References

Primary references

• Blumenbach, J.F. 1799. Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. Sechste Ausgabe [6th edition]. Johann Christian Dieterich: Göttingen. XVI + 708 pp. GoogleBooks Reference page. 
• Dobson, G.E. 1875. Conspectus of the Suborders, Families, and Genera of Chiroptera arranged according to their Natural Affinities. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 4 16(95): 345–357. DOI: 10.1080/00222937508681865 ; BHL Reference page. 
• Springer, M.S., Teeling, E.C., Madsen, O., Stanhope, M.J. & de Jong, W.W. 2001. Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98(11): 6241–6246. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.111551998 Reference page. 
• Hutcheon, J.M. & Kirsch, J.A.W. 2004. Camping in a different tree: results of molecular systematic studies of bats using DNA-DNA hybridization. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 11(1): 17–47. DOI: 10.1023/B:JOMM.0000029144.80747.d2 Reference page. 

Additional references

• Koopman, K.F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 137–241 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 2rd edition. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, D.C. ISBN 978-1-56098-217-3. Reference page. 
• Teeling, E.C., Scally, M., Kao, D.J., Romagnoli, M.L., Springer, M.S. & Stanhope, M.J. 2000. Molecular evidence regarding the origin of echolocation and flight in bats. Nature 403: 188–192. DOI: 10.1038/35003188 Reference page. 
• Teeling, E.C., Madsen, O., Van Den Bussche, R.A., de Jong, W.W., Stanhope, M.J. & Springer, M.S. 2002. Microbat paraphyly and the convergent evolution of a key innovation in Old World rhinolophoid microbats. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(3): 1431–1436. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.022477199 Reference page. 
• Van Den Bussche, R.A. & Hoofer, S.R. 2004. Phylogenetic relationships among recent chiropteran families and the importance of choosing appropriate out-group taxa. Journal of Mammalogy 85(2): 321–330. DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2004)085<0321:PRARCF>2.0.CO;2
• Eick, G.N., Jacobs, D.S. & Matthee, C.A. 2005. A Nuclear DNA Phylogenetic Perspective on the Evolution of Echolocation and Historical Biogeography of Extant Bats (Chiroptera). Molecular Biology and Evolution 22(9): 1869–1886. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msi180 Reference page. 
• Simmons, N.B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.) . Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd edition. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore. 2 volumes. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. Reference page. 
• Teeling, E.C., Springer, M.S., Madsen, O., Bates, P., O’Brien, S.J. & Murphy, W.J. 2005. A Molecular Phylogeny for Bats Illuminates Biogeography and the Fossil Record. Science 307(5709): 580–584. DOI: 10.1126/science.1105113 Reference page. 
• Hutcheon, J.M. & Kirsch, J.A.W. 2006. A moveable face: deconstructing the Microchiroptera and a new classification of extant bats. Acta Chiropterologica 8(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.3161/1733-5329(2006)8[1:AMFDTM]2.0.CO;2 Reference page. 
• Miller-Butterworth, C.M., Murphy, W.J., O'Brien S.J., Jacobs, D.S., Springer, M.S. & Teeling, E.C. 2007. A family matter: conclusive resolution of the taxonomic position of the long-fingered bats, Miniopterus. Molecular Biology and Evolution 24(7): 1553–1561. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm076 Reference page. 
• Teeling, E.C. 2009 Hear, hear: the convergent evolution of echolocation in bats? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24(7): 351–354. DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.012
• Fenton, M.B. 2010.Convergences in the diversification of bats. Current Zoology 56(4): 454−468.
• Meganathan, P.R., Pagan, H.J.T., McCulloch, E.S., Stevens, R.D. & Ray, D.A. 2012. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three bats species and whole genome mitochondrial analyses reveal patterns of codon bias and lend support to a basal split in Chiroptera. Gene 492(1): 121–129. DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.038
• Teeling, E.C., Dool, S., Springer, M.S. 2012. Phylogenies, fossils and functional genes: the evolution of echolocation in bats. pp. 1–22, in Gunnell, G.F. & Simmons, N.B. (Eds.) Evolutionary History of Bats: Fossils, Molecules and Morphology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
• Springer, M.S. 2013. Phylogenetics: Bats United, Microbats Divided. Current Biology 23(22): R999–R1001. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.053
• Tsagkogeorga, G., Parker, J., Stupka, E., Cotton, J.A. & Rossiter, S.J. 2013. Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats. Current Biology 23(2): 2262–2267. DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014 Reference page. 
• Lei, M. & Dong, D. 2016. Phylogenomic analyses of bat subordinal relationships based on transcriptome data. Scientific Reports 6: 27726. DOI: 10.1038/srep27726 Reference page. 
• Amador, L.I., Arévalo-Moyers, R.L., Almeida, F.C., Catalano, S.A. & Giannni, N.P. 2018. Bat systematics in the light of unconstrained analyses of a comprehensive molecular supermatrix. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 25: 37–70. DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9363-8 Reference page. 

Links

• Chiroptera – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).

Vernacular names

• Afrikaans: Vlermuise
• Akan: Apan/Dankwansere
• aragonés: Apagacandil
• asturianu: Esperteyu
• অসমীয়া: বাদুলি
• беларуская: Рукакрылыя
• български: Прилепи
• বাংলা: বাদুড়
• català: Ratapinyada
• corsu: topupinnuti, accelli tupini
• čeština: Letouni
• dansk: Flagermus
• Deutsch: Fledertiere
• Ελληνικά: Νυχτερίδα
• emiliàn e rumagnòl: Papastrèl
• English: Bats
• Esperanto: Vespertoj
• español: Murciélago
• فارسی: خفاش
• suomi: Lepakot
• Nordfriisk: Fladerdiarten
• français: Chauve-souris
• galego: Morcego
• ગુજરાતી: ચામાચિડિયું
• Hawaiʻi: ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a
• עברית: עטלפים
• हिन्दी: चमगादड़
• hrvatski: Netopiri
• magyar: Denevérek
• հայերեն: Չղջիկներ
• Bahasa Indonesia: Kelelawar
• Ido: Vespertilio
• íslenska: leðurblaka
• italiano: Pipistrelli
• 日本語: コウモリ目
• ქართული: ხელფრთიანები
• 한국어: 박쥐
• Ligure: Ratti Penughi
• Limburgs: Vliermuis
• lietuvių: Šikšnosparniai
• मराठी: वटवाघूळ
• नेपाली: चमेरो
• Nederlands: Vleermuizen
• norsk: Flaggermus
• Diné bizaad: Jaaʼabaní
• polski: Nietoperze
• português: Quirópteros
• română: Liliac
• русский: Рукокрылые
• slovenčina: Netopiere
• svenska: Fladdermöss
• Kiswahili: Popo
• Türkçe: Yarasalar
• українська: Рукокрилі
• vèneto: Babastrel/Babastrìo, Zergnàpola/Signàpola
• 中文: 翼手目

For more multimedia, look at Chiroptera on Wikimedia Commons.