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Vertebrata (classifications)

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Taxonavigation

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Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata

Name

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Vertebrata Cuvier, 1800, Lamarck, 1801

Synonyms

  • Ossea Batsch, 1788
  • Osteozoaria de Blainville
  • Osteozoa Nitzsch
  • Sarcozoa Oken
  • Myeloneura Ehrenberg
  • Myelencephala Owen
  • Rückenmarkthiere Ehrenberg
  • Rückgratthiere Wiegm.
  • Spini-cérébraux Latreille
  • Spini-cerebrata Grant
  • Spondylozoa Eichw., 1829

Classifications

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Batsch (1788–1789)

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Batsch, J.G.C. Versuch einer Anleitung, zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien. Erster Theil: Allgemeine Geschichte der Natur; besondre der Säugthiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische, 1788. Zweyter Theil. Besondre Geschichte der Insekten, Gewürme und Mineralien, 1789. Jena: Akademische Buchhandlung.

Thiere [p. 81–89]

  • Knochenthiere, Ossea
    • I. Cl. Säugthiere, Mammalia
    • II. Cl. Vögel, Aves
    • III. Cl. Amphibien, Amphibia
    • IV. Cl. Fische, Pisces
  • Schaalentiere, Crustacea
    • V. Cl. Insekten, Insecta
  • Unvollkommenen thiere
    • VI. Cl. Würmer, Vermes

Cuvier (1800)

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Cuvier, G. Leçons d'anatomie comparée, 1st ed., vol. 1. Paris, année VIII [1800], [1]. See Gregory (1910).

Tableau general des classes des animaux [foldout, p. 496–497]

  • Animaux
    • Vertébrés
      • Sang chaud : coeur à deux ventricules
        • Vivipares : des mammeles (1. Mammifères, Mammalia)
        • Ovipares : point des mammeles (2. Oiseaux, Aves)
      • Sang froid : coeur à un ventricule
        • Des poumons, accompagnés quelquefois des branchies (3. Reptiles, Amphibia)
        • Des branchies, sans poumons (4. Poissons, Pisces)
    • Invertébrés

Lamarck (1801)

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Lamarck, J.B. (1801). Systême des animaux sans vertèbres, ou tableau général des classes, des ordres et des genres de ces animaux. Paris: Chez l’auteur, [2], [3].

  • Animaux à vetèrbres
    • Mammaux
    • Oiseaux
    • Reptiles
    • Poissons
  • Animaux sans vetèrbres

Bonaparte (1837)

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Bonaparte, C.L. New systematic arrangement of vertebrated animals. Trans. Linn. Soc. Vol. XVIII, pp. 247, [4].

Animalia Vertebrata

  • Classis I. Mammalia
  • Classis II. Aves
  • Classis III. Amphibia
  • Classis IV. Pisces

Owen (1868)

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Owen, R. On the anatomy of vertebrates, 3 vols, [5].

Province Myelencephala, seu Vertebrata [v. 3, pp. 839–847]

  • Class Mammalia
  • Class Aves
  • Class Reptilia
  • Class Pisces

Haeckel (1874)

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Haeckel, E. Anthropogenie, oder Entwickelungs-geschichte des Menschen. 1st ed., 1874, [6]. 2nd unchanged ed., 1874, [7], see pp. 416, 421, 440, 441, 492, 496b.

  • Thierreich
    • Protozoa
    • Zoophyta
    • Vermes
    • Mollusca
    • Echinoderma
    • Arthropoda
    • Chordonia [p. 441]
      • Tunicata
      • Vertebrata
        • Acrania
          • Leptocardia
        • Craniota
          • Monorhina
            • Cyclostoma
          • Amphirhina
            • Anamnia
              • Pisces
              • Dipneusta
              • Amphibia
            • Amniota
              • Reptilia
              • Aves
              • Mammalia
                • Monotrema
                • Marsupialia
                • Placentalia

Hatschek (1888)

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Hatschek, B. (1888). Lehrbuch der Zoologie, 1. Lieferung, p. 40; Jena: Gustav Fischer, [8].

  • Protozoa
  • Metazoa
    • Protaxonia (= Coelenterata)
      • Spongia
      • Cnidaria
      • Ctenophora
    • Heteraxonia (= Bilateria)
      • Zygoneura
      • Ambulacralia [misspelling of Ambulacraria]
      • Chordonii
        • Tunicata
        • Leptocardii
        • Vertebrata
          • Cyclostomata
          • Gnathostomata

Cope (1891–1898)

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Cope, E.D. (1891–1898). Syllabus of lectures on geology and paleontology. 4 vols. Publ. Univ. Penn. From Gregrory (1910).

Cope, E.D. (1898). Syllabus of lectures on the Vertebrata. Publ. Univ. Penn, [9].

Vertebrata (or Chordata)

  • Superclass Hemichorda
    • Class Helminthophyta
  • Superclass Urochorda
    • Class Tunicata
  • Superclass Cephalochorda
    • Class Acrania
  • Superclass Craniata
    • Class Agnatha
    • Class Pisces
    • Class Batrachia
    • Class Monocondylia
      • Subclass Reptilia
      • Subclass Aves
    • Class Mammalia
      • Subclass Prototheria
      • Subclass Eutheria

Haeckel (1894–1896)

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Haeckel, E. Systematische phylogenie, 3 vols (vol. 1, Protisten und Pflanzen, 1894; vol. 2, Invertebrata, 1896; vol. 3, Vertebrata, 1895). [10]. See Kluge (2004–2015), [11].

[Vol. 1, p. 90-91:]

  • Pflanzen
    • Protophyta (Protista plasmodoma)
    • Metaphyta (Histones plasmodomi)
  • Thieren
    • Protozoa (Protista plasmophaga) [Vol. 1, p. 138]
    • Metazoa (Histones plasmophagi)

[Vol. 2, p. 3–11:]

  • Metazoa
    • Coelenteria (Coelenterata ss. ampl., Anaemnria, Acoelomia)
      • Gastraeades (Prometazoa)
      • Spongiae (Porifera)
      • Cnidaria (Acephalae)
      • Platodes (Plathelminthes)
    • Coelomaria (Coelomata, Bilateria ss. str., Bilaterata)
      • Vermalia (Helminthes ss. str.)
      • Mollusca (Malacozoa)
      • Articulata (Arthrozoa)
      • Echinoderma (Astromia)
      • Chordonia (Chordata)
        • Tunicata (Urochorda)
        • Vertebrata (Cephalochorda)

[Vol. 3, p. 18:]

  • Vertebrata, “Bildungsstufen der paarigen Gliedmaassen”
    • Adactylia (Vertebrata impinnata) = Agnathona = Monorhina
      • Classe Acrania
      • Classe Cyclostoma
    • Polydactylia (Vertebrata pinnifera) = Quadrupinna (Ingenicata)
      • Classe Pisces
      • Classe Dipneusta
    • Pentadactylia (Vertebrata pentanomia) = Quadrupeda oder Tetrapoda (Geniculata)
      • Classe Amphibia
      • Classe Reptilia
      • Classe Dracones
      • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

[Vol. 3, p. 18:]

  • Vertebrata, “Stufen der Herzbildung”
    • Leptocardia
      • Classe Acrania
    • Ichthyocardia
      • Classe Cyclostoma
      • Classe Pisces
    • Amphicardia
      • Classe Dipneusta
      • Classe Amphibia
      • Classe Reptilia
    • Thermocardia
      • Classe Dracones
      • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

[Vol. 3, p. 20–21:]

  • Vertebrata
    • Hauptgruppe Monorhina (Agnathona)
      • Classe Acrania
      • Classe Cyclostoma
    • Hauptgruppe Anamnia (Ichthyopsida)
        • Classe Pisces
        • Classe Dipneusta
        • Classe Amphibia
    • Hauptgruppe Amniota (Allantoidia, Ebranchiata)
      • Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
        • Classe Reptilia
        • Classe Dracones
        • Classe Aves
      • Classe Mammalia

Kingsley (1899)

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Kingsley, J. S. (1899). Text book of vertebrate zoology. Henry Holt & Co.

Subphylum Vertebrata

  • Series Cyclostomata (Agnatha)
    • Class Marsipobranchii (Myzontes)
      • Subclass Petromyzontes (Hyperoartia)
      • Subclass Myxinoidei (Hyperotretia)
    • Ostracodermi
      • Order Heterostraci
      • Order Aspidocephali (Osteostraci)
      • Order Antiarcha
  • Series Gnathostomata
    • Grade Ichthyopsida (Anamnia, Anallantoidea)
      • Class Pisces
        • Subclass Elasmobranchii (Plagiostomi, Chondropterygii)
        • Subclass Teleostomi
        • Subclass Dipnoi (Dipneustes)
      • Class Amphibia (Batrachia)
        • Subclass Stegocephali (Labyrinthodontia)
        • Subclass Urodela (Gradientia)
        • Subclass Anura (Salientia)
        • Subclass Gymnophiona (Cæciliæ)
    • Grade Amniota (Allantoidea)
      • Class Sauropsida (Monocondylia)
        • Subclass Reptilia
        • Subclass Aves
      • Class Mammalia
        • Subclass Prototheria
        • Subclass Eutheria

Young (1962)

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Young, J.Z. The life of vertebrates, 2nd ed., [12].

  • Phylum Chordata [p. 24, 81]
    • Subphylum 1. Hemichordata (e.g., Balanoglossus, Cephalodiscus, Rhabdopleura)
    • Subphylum 2. Cephalochordata (= Acrania) (e.g., Branchiostoma)
    • Subphylum 3. Tunicata (e.g., Ciona)
    • Subphylum 4. Vertebrata (= Craniata)
      • Superclass 1. Agnatha
        • Class 1. Cyclostomata
          • Order 1. Petromyzontia (e.g., Petromyzon, Lampetra, Entosphenus, Geotria, Mordacia)
          • Order 2. Myxinoidea (e.g., Myxine, Bdellostoma)
        • Class 2. †Osteostraci (e.g., †Cephalaspis, †Tremataspis)
        • Class 3. †Anaspida (e.g., †Birkenia, †Jamoytius)
        • Class 4. †Heterostraci (e.g., †Astraspis, †Pteraspis, †Drepanaspis)
        • Class 5. †Coelolepida (e.g., †Thelodus, †Lanarkia)
      • Superclass 2. Gnathostomata
        • Class 1. †Placodermi (e.g., †Acanthodes)
        • Class 2. Elasmobranchii
        • Class 3. Actinopterygii
        • Class 4. Crossopterygii
        • Class 5. Amphibia
        • Class 6. Reptilia
        • Class 7. Aves
        • Class 8. Mammalia

Romer (1966)

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Romer, A.S. 1966. Vertebrate Paleontology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 3rd ed. (1st ed. 1933; 2nd ed. 1945).

Subphylum Vertebrata

Nelson (1969)

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Nelson, G.J. (1969) Gill arches and the phylogeny of fishes, with notes on the classification of vertebrates. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 141, 475–552.Subphylum Vertebrata

  • Superclass Cyclostomata
  • Superclass Gnathostomata
    • Class Elasmobranchiomorphi
      • †Subclass Acanthodii
      • Subclass Holocephali
      • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Class Teleostomi
      • Subclass Actinopterygii
        • Infraclass Chondrostei
        • Infraclass Neopterygii
          • Division Holostei
          • Division Teleostei
            • Cohort Osteoglossomorpha
            • Cohort Clupeomorpha
            • Cohort Elopomorpha
            • Cohort Euteleostei
              • Superorder Protacanthopterygii
              • Superorder Ostariophysi
              • Superorder Neoteleostei
                • Series Atherinomorpha
                • Series Myctophiformes
                • Series Paracanthopterygii
                • Series Acanthopterygii
      • Subclass Sarcopterygii
        • Infraclass Brachiopterygii
        • Infraclass Coelacanthini
        • Infraclass Dipnoi
        • Infraclass Choanata
          • †Division Rhipidistia
          • Division Batrachomorpha
          • Division Reptilomorpha
            • Cohort Sauropsida
              • Superorder Chelonia
              • Superorder Lepidosauria
                • Series Rhynchocephalia
                • Series Squamata
              • Superorder Archosauria
                • Series Crocodilia
                • Series Aves
            • Cohort Mammalia
              • Superorder Prototheria
              • Superorder Theria
                • Series Metatheria
                • Series Eutheria

Romer & Parsons (1977)

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Romer, A.S. & Parsons, T.S. 1977. The Vertebrate Body. 5th ed. Saunders, Philadelphia, [13]

Phylum Chordata

Carrol (1987)

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Carroll, K.L. (1987). Vertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution, W.H. Freeman, New York. From Minelli (1993).

Vertebrata

  • Class Agnatha
    • Subclass †Pteraspidomorphi (Diplorhina)
    • Subclass Cephalaspidomorpha
    • Agnatha incertae sedis
      • Order Myxiniformes
  • Class †Placodermi
  • Class Chondrichthyes
    • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Subclass Holocephali
    • Chondrichthyes incertae sedis
  • Class incertae sedis †Acanthodii
  • Class Osteichthyes
    • Subclass Actinopterygii
      • Infraclass Chondrostei
      • Infraclass Neopterygii
        • Division Teleostei
          • Subdivision Euteleostei
    • Subclass Sarcopterygii
  • Class Amphibia
    • Subclass †Labyrinthodontia
    • Amphibia incertae sedis
      • Order †Diadectida
    • Subclass †Lepospondyli
    • Subclass not stated
      • Order Urodela
      • Order †Proanura
      • Order Anura
  • Class Reptilia
    • Subclass †Anapsida
    • Subclass Testudinata
    • Subclass Diapsida
    • Subclass †Ichthyopterygia
    • Subclass †Synapsida
  • Class Aves
    • Subclass †Archaeornithes
    • Subclass Neornithes
  • Class Mammalia
    • Subclass Prototheria
    • Subclass †Allotheria
    • Subclass Theria
    • Mammaiia incertae sedis

Hennig (1985)

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Hennig, W. (1985). Stammesgeschichte der Chordaten. Ztschr. Zool. Syst. Evol.-forsch., Beihefte: Fortschr. Zool. Syst. Evol.-forsch. 2, 1–208. From Minelli (1993).

  • [A. Echinodennata]
  • B. Chordata
  • B.1 Tunicata
  • B.11 Ascidiacea
  • B.12 Pelagotunicata
  • B.12.1 Pyrosomida
  • B.12.2 Larvacea
  • B.12.3 Cyclomyaria
  • B.12.4 Desmomyaria
  • B.2 Vertebrata
  • B.21 Acrania
  • B.22 Craniota
  • B.22.1 Agnatha
  • B.22.2 Gnathostomata
  • B.22.21 Chondrichthyes
  • B .22.21.1 Elasmobranchia
  • B.22.21.2 Holocephali
  • B .22.22 Osteognathostomata
  • B.22.22.1 Actinopterygii s. l.
  • B.22.22.1.C.1 Brachyopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.2 Actinopterygii s. str.
  • B.22.22.1.C.21 Palaeopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.22 Neopterygii
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.1 Rhomboganoidea
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2 Teleostei s. l.
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2.D.1 Cyc1oganoidea
  • B.22.22.1.C.22.2.D.2 Teleostei s. str.
  • B.22.22.2 Choanatae
  • B.22.22.21 Dipnoi
  • B.22.22.22 Kinocrania
  • B.22.22.22.1 Coelacanthi
  • B.22.22.22.2 Tetrapoda
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.1 Amphibia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.11 Gymnophiona
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.12 Caudata
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.13 Salientia (Anura)
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.2 Amniota
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21 Lepidosauria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21.D.1 Rhynchocephalia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.21.D.2 Squamata
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22 Testudines
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22.D.l Pleurodira
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.22.D.2 Cryptodira
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23 Archosauromorpha
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23.D.1 Crocodilia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.23.D.2 Aves
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24 Mammalia
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.1 Prototheria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.2 Theria
  • B.22.22.22.2.C.24.D.22 Eutheria (Placentalia)

Carroll (1987)

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Carroll, K.L. (1987). Vertebrate Palaeontology and Evolution, W.H. Freeman, New York. From Minelli (1993).

Vertebrata

  • Class Agnatha
    • Subclass †Pteraspidomorphi (Diplorhina)
    • Subclass Cephalaspidomorpha
    • Agnatha incertae sedis
      • Order Myxiniformes
  • Class †Placodermi
  • Class Chondrichthyes
    • Subclass Elasmobranchii
    • Subclass Holocephali
    • Chondrichthyes incertae sedis
  • Class incertae sedis †Acanthodii
  • Class Osteichthyes
    • Subclass Actinopterygii
      • Infraclass Chondrostei
      • Infraclass Neopterygii
        • Division Teleostei
          • Subdivision Euteleostei
    • Subclass Sarcopterygii
  • Class Amphibia
    • Subclass †Labyrinthodontia
    • Amphibia incertae sedis
      • Order †Diadectida
    • Subclass †Lepospondyli
    • Subclass not stated
      • Order Urodela
      • Order †Proanura
      • Order Anura
  • Class Reptilia
    • Subclass †Anapsida
    • Subclass Testudinata
    • Subclass Diapsida
    • Subclass †Ichthyopterygia
    • Subclass †Synapsida
  • Class Aves
    • Subclass †Archaeornithes
    • Subclass Neornithes
  • Class Mammalia
    • Subclass Prototheria
    • Subclass †Allotheria
    • Subclass Theria
    • Mammaiia incertae sedis

Cavalier-Smith (1998)

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A revised six-kingdom system of life, PDF.

  • Kingdom 2. Animalia Linnaeus 1758 em. Cavalier-Smith 1995 (= Metazoa Haeckel 1874)
    • Subkingdom 3. Bilateria Hatschek 1888 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1983 [probably paraphyletic]
      • Branch 2. Deuterostomia Grobben 1908
        • Infrakingdom 2. Chordonia Haeckel 1874 em. Hatschek 1888 stat. nov.
          • Phylum 1. Urochorda Lankester 1877
          • Phylum 2. Chordata Bateson 1885 em.
            • Subphylum 1. Acraniata Bleeker 1859 [probably paraphyletic]
            • Subphylum 2. Vertebrata Cuvier 1812 (= Craniota Haeckel, Craniata auct.)

Benton (2004)

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Vertebrate Palaeontology, 3rd ed, [14].

Phylum Chordata

  • Subphylum Tunicata (Urochordata)
  • Subphylum Cephalochordata (Acraniata)
  • Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata)
    • Class 'Agnatha' (paraphyletic)
      • Subclass Myxinoidea
      • Subclass Petromyzontida
      • †Subclass Conodonta
      • †Subclass Pteraspidomorphi
      • †Order Anaspida
      • †Order Thelodonti
      • Subclass unnamed
      • Infraphylum Gnathostomata
        • †Class Placodermi
        • Class Chondrichthyes
        • †Class Acanthodii
        • Class Osteichthyes
          • †Psarolepis
          • Subclass Actinopterygii
          • Subclass Sarcopterygii (incl. Superclass Tetrapoda)

Pough et al. (2006)

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From The vertebrate life, 6th ed.

[extant vertebrates, fig. 1.4:]

[fig 3.3:]

Kardong (2015)

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Kardong, K. (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. 7th edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

Subphylum Vertebrata (Craniata)


Tedersoo (2017)

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Tedersoo, L. (2017). Proposal for practical multi-kingdom classification of eukaryotes based on monophyly and comparable divergence time criteria. BioRxiv, 240929.

Phylum Craniata

References

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