Testudines

Chelonia mydas

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Testudinata

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Sauropsida Classis: Reptilia Cladus: Eureptilia Cladus: Romeriida Cladus: Diapsida Cladus: Neodiapsida Cladus: Sauria Cladus: Archelosauria Cladus: Pantestudines Division: Testudinata

Classis: Reptilia
Ordo: Testudines
Infraordines: Pan-Cryptodira – Pan-Pleurodira – †Meiolaniformes
Familiae incertae sedis: †Pleurosternidae – †Xinjiangchelyidae
Genera incertae sedis: †Owadowia – †Proganochelys

Name

Testudines Batsch, 1788: 437

Synonyms

• Chelonii Latreille, 1800: xi
• Chelonia Ross & Macartney in Cuvier, 1802: tab. iii

Primary references

• Batsch, A.J.G.C. 1788. Versuch einer Anleitung zur Kenntniss und Geschichte der Thiere und Mineralien. Erster Theil. Allgemeine Geschichte der Natur; besondre der Säugthiere, Vögel, Amphibien und Fische. Jena: Akademischen Buchandlung, 528 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79854.
• Latreille, P.A. 1800. Histoire naturelle des Salamandres de France, précédée d’un tableau méthodique des autres Reptiles indigènes. Imprimerie de Crapelet: Paris, 61 pp.
• Ross, W. & Macartney, J. 1802. Lectures on Comparative Anatomy, translated from the French of G. Cuvier. Volume 1. Oriental Press: London, 710 pp.

Additional references

• Ceríaco, L.M.P. & Bour, R. 2012. Schweigger’s (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese “Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda”: some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications. Zootaxa 3395: 18–32. Preview Reference page. 
• Dubois, A. & Bour, R. 2010. The distinction between family-series and class-series nomina in zoological nomenclature, with emphasis on the nomina created by Batsch (1788, 1789) and on the higher nomenclature of turtles. Bonn zoological Bulletin 57 (2): 149–171.
• Fong, J.J. & Qiao, G-x. 2010. New localities of endangered Chinese turtles from museum specimens and the practical and ethical challenges using and reporting natural history collection data. Zootaxa 2393: 59–68. Preview (PDF).
• Fritz, U. 2011. Order Testudines Batsch, 1788. Pp 61–62 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. . Full article (PDF) Reference page. 
• Fritz, U. & Havaš, P. 2013. Order Testudines: 2013 update. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2013. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa 3703(1): 12–14. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.4 . Reference page. 
• Georges, A. & Thomson, S. 2010. Diversity of Australasian freshwater turtles, with an annotated synonymy and keys to species. Zootaxa 2496: 1–37. Preview (PDF). PDF.
• Joyce, W.G., Parham, J.F., & Gauthier, J.A. 2004. Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles. Journal of Paleontology 78: 989–1013. Reference page. 
• Nowak-Kemp, M. & Fritz, U. 2010. Chelonian type specimens at the Oxford University Museum. Zootaxa 2604: 1–19. Preview (PDF).
• Rosas-Espinoza, V.C., Álvarez-Grzybowska, E., González, A.A.G., Santiago-Pérez, A.L., Peña-Joya, K.E., Rodríguez-Zaragoza, F.A., Pérez, L.D. & Martínez, F.M.H. 2024. Taxonomic diversity of amphibians (Amphibia, Anura) and reptiles (Reptilia, Testudines, Squamata) in a heterogeneous landscape in west-central Mexico: a checklist and notes on geographical distributions. ZooKeys 1211: 29–55. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1211.122565 Reference page. 
• van Dijk, P.P., Iverson, J.B., Shaffer, H.B., Bour, R. & Rhodin, A.G.J. 2011. Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status. Chelonian research monographs (5): 000.165-000.242. DOI: 10.3854/crm.5.000.checklist.v4.2011
• TTWG (Turtle Taxonomy Working Group) 2021. Turtles of the World: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status (9th Ed.). Chelonian Research Monographs 8: 1–472. DOI: 10.3854/crm.8.checklist.atlas.v9.2021 PDF. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• Akan: Sudanda
• беларуская: Чарапахі
• български: Костенурки
• català: Tortuga
• kaszëbsczi: Żółw
• čeština: Želvy
• Cymraeg: Crwban
• dansk: Skildpadde
• Deutsch: Schildkröten
• English: Turtle
• Esperanto: Testudo
• español: Tortuga
• suomi: Kilpikonnat
• français: Testudines
• galego: Tartaruga
• עברית: צבים
• hrvatski: Kornjače
• magyar: Teknősök
• հայերեն: Կրիաներ
• italiano: Testudines
• 日本語: カメ目
• 한국어: 거북
• македонски: Желки
• Bahasa Melayu: Penyu
• Nederlands: Schildpadden
• Diné bizaad: Chʼééh digháhii
• Deitsch: Schillgrotte
• polski: Żółw
• português: Tartaruga
• русский: Черепахи
• slovenčina: Korytnačkotvaré
• српски / srpski: Корњаче
• svenska: Havsskoldpaddor
• தமிழ்: கடலாமைகள்
• ไทย: เต่า, ตะพาบ, ตะพาบน้ำ
• Türkçe: Kaplumbağalar
• Tiếng Việt: Rùa
• 中文: 烏龜

For more multimedia, look at Testudines on Wikimedia Commons.