Ayuda:Sección de referencias
Contenidos · Wikispecies en General · Sección de taxonavegación · Sección de nombre · Sección de referencia · Sección de nombres vernáculos
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Sección de referencias
La sección de referencias o de fuentes debe servir de prueba para la información presente en la página. Sin esta evidencia, la información será inútil.
Por favor, cuando cite varias fuentes hágalo como una lista con viñetas, ordenada por autores alfabéticamente.
Una plantilla útil que usamos en la sección es la plantilla {{a|página del autor|nombre corto del autor}}. Esta plantilla mostrará el nombre de los autores con una fuente tipográfica diferente del resto del texto (Linnaeus) y creará un enlace a la página en Wikiespecies que tiene información sobre el autor.
Los nombres de revistas o títulos de libros deben estar en cursiva.
Please make use of the following rules:
- Follow the year with a dot. Example:
2015. - Don't add spaces between the author's initials. Example:
Ferreyra, H.D.V. - Use small caps for the authors' names and link them to their respective page by employing the
{{A}}template. Example:{{a|Hebe del Valle Ferreyra|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}which will render as Ferreyra, H.D.V. but link to Hebe del Valle Ferreyra. For unlinked author names use the{{Aut}}template instead, e.g.{{aut|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}which will render as Ferreyra, H.D.V. - Don't add space between volume and fascicle numbers. In other words do like this:
4057(1)but never like this:4057 (1) - Use en dash (–) without spaces as separator for ranges such as page numbers and years of publication. This is ISO standard. Examples:
2016–2017,pp.54–59. Do not use hyphen (-) or the longer m-dash (—). - All authors should be listed. Don't use et al. The different author names should be separated by comma, not by other punctuation marks such as semicolon. Also note that there should not be a comma separating the (last) author name and the year of publication, since the author and year is already separated by the dot after the author's initials, e.g. "Ferreyra, H.D.V. 2015."
- Link the journal name to its ISSN page. Example:
''[[ISSN 1175-5326|Zootaxa]]''which renders as Zootaxa but links to the journal's ISSN 1175-5326 page.- ISSNs are used for several reasons: they are stable link targets and avoid a multiplication of redirect for various formats of a title (abbreviations, punctuation, diacritics, capitalization...), they also reduce the amount of required disambiguation where a journal shares a title with a taxon.
- For ISBN's please use the
{{ISBN}}template. Example:{{ISBN|978-0-684-15976-8}}which renders as ISBN 978-0-684-15976-8 and links to the book sources search page. - For links to BHL please use the
{{BHL}}template. Example:{{BHL|page/34633434}}which renders as BHL with a direct link to the specific page at BHL. (The parameter to use in the template is the part directly after "biodiversitylibrary.org/" in the URL given in the left menu on the BHL page. If for example the link there isbiodiversitylibrary.org/page/34633434then add "page/34633434" as the template parameter.) - Likewise for DOI's please use the
{{Doi}}template. Example:{{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6}}which renders as DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6 and links to the online version of the journal article.
Example of a reference section:
== {{int:References}} ==
* {{a|María Soledad Moleón|Moleón, M.S.}}, {{a|John Mike Kinsella|Kinsella, J.M.}}, {{a|Pablo Gastón Moreno|Moreno, P.G.}}, {{a|Hebe Del Valle Ferreyra|Ferreyra, H.D.V.}}, {{a|Javier Pereira|Pereira, J.}}, {{a|Mónica Pía|Pía, M.}} & {{a|Pablo Martín Beldomenico|Beldomenico, P.M.}} 2015. New hosts and localities for helminths of carnivores in Argentina. ''[[ISSN 1175-5326|Zootaxa]]'' 4057(1): 106–114. {{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6}} [http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2015/f/z04057p114f.pdf Preview (PDF).]
Which will display as:
References
- Moleón, M.S., Kinsella, J.M., Moreno, P.G., Ferreyra, H.D.V., Pereira, J., Pía, M. & Beldomenico, P.M. 2015. New hosts and localities for helminths of carnivores in Argentina. Zootaxa 4057(1): 106–114. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.6 Preview (PDF).
A reference is a good reference when:
- It is the original description of the taxon or a subsequent taxonomic revision confirming or changing the status of the taxon.
- It specifies all authors' names, the publications' DOI number and where available, a link to the abstract or to the full article.
- The reference lists further references from which the author has drawn information.
If above points are lacking in your sources, the reference should be considered (and marked as) doubtful. Most biological/taxonomic journals published more than 90 years ago are now considered Public Domain and can be viewed on websites such as the Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL).
Some more recent journals are also available for web viewing. When this is the case, it is helpful to include a hyperlink to the appropriate web page, as above for Systema Naturae.
Reference Subsections
It is advisable to divide the various references by subsections according to their importance in the following order:
=== {{int:Primary references}} ===
To include all nomenclatural acts: original description, synonyms, comb. nov., type assignment etc.
=== {{int:Additional references}} ===
To include all the rest of the taxa mentions: type revisions, distribution, material, taxon checklists/reviews etc.
=== {{int:Links}} ===
Links to external sites.
- Headings in a complete reference section:
=={{int:References}}==
==={{int:Primary references}}===
==={{int:Additional references}}===
==={{int:Links}}===
Note the plural, i.e. "references" and "Links", never "reference" or "Link", even if the subsection only consists of a single citation.
Reference Templates
When a particular taxonomic work includes descriptions of numerous new taxa, or when it authoritatively revises a significant group of taxa, it is likely that it will be cited as a reference on numerous pages.
In such a case, it is very useful to create a Reference Template for the published paper. The Wikispecies standard format, including the use of small caps and italics, of these references is:
- Author, A. Year. Title of Paper. Name of Journal Volume x (part y): pages n1–n2, plates x1–x2. Internet link.
or for a book...
- Author, A. Year. Title of Book. Name and location of publisher: n pages and x plates. Internet link.
La plantilla de referencia se crea en una página titulada Plantilla:Autor, Año y luego puede ser llamada en una página de taxones utilizando la sintaxis: {{Autor, Año}}
Por favor, utilice sólo el apellido del autor al nombrar la plantilla de referencia, y utilice siempre la coma y un espacio antes del año de publicación: no punto y coma, espacio/comma sin el otro, o algo así. Si una combinación particular ya está en uso por una plantilla de autor existente, digamos {{Smith, 2015}}, entonces simplemente añada un número de serie a continuación en forma de una sola letra minúscula, es decir. es decir, {{Smith, 2015a}}, luego {{Smith, 2015b}}, {{Smith, 2015c}} y así sucesivamente.
En total, hay cuatro posibilidades {{Autor, Año}}:
- ✓
Myers, 1942 - ✓
Myers, 1942a - ✓
Myers & Young, 1942 - ✓
Myers, Young & Hill, 1942 - ✓
Myers et al., 1942
Please note the use of spaces, and that author's initials, colon or semicolon are never used.
No se permiten otras posibilidades. Por ejemplo, Myers, I. & Young, N., 1942 no está permitido. O, por ejemplo, Myers; 1942 no está permitido.
- ✗
G.S. Myers, 1942 - ✗
Myers, G. & Young, N., 1942 - ✗
Myers et al. 1942 - ✗
Myers&Young,1942 - ✗
Myers&Young 1942 - ✗
Myers, G.S., 1942 - ✗
Myers 1942 - ✗
Myers,1942 - ✗
Myers; 1942
Tampoco está permitido nombrar las plantillas de referencia con nombres de revistas o libros. Por ejemplo, Zt3690.1.1 (abreviatura de Zootaxa) no está permitido.
Here is an example reference template, in this particular case named Myers, 1942
* {{a|George Sprague Myers|Myers, G.S.}} 1942. A new frog of the genus ''Micrixalus'' from Travancore. ''[[ISSN 0006-324X|Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington]]'' 55: 71–74. [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34633434 BHL] {{subst:reftemp}}
Which will display as:
- Myers, G.S. 1942. A new frog of the genus Micrixalus from Travancore. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 55: 71–74. BHL Reference page.
The Substitution Code {{subst:reftemp}} seen last in the above example is a quick way of adding several useful common components (which will not all be shown when the reference is cited on a taxon page) to the end of any Reference Template.
Clicking on the "Reference page" link at the end of the citation will take you to the original Reference Template page so that it can be modified.
Any change made on the Reference Template will appear automatically whenever a taxon page that contains the citation is viewed.
Additional Information
It is also permissible to add a further section on the Reference Template page listing the taxonomic acts delivered by the reference or links to other relevant websites, ZooBank for example.
So that these are not delivered to taxon pages when the Reference Template is called up, they must be set inside a <noinclude>...</noinclude> bracket set. Here is an (extreme) example.
Plantillas de referencia para bases de datos externas
Hay varias plantillas para bases de datos externas que se utilizan/citan a menudo. La lista completa se encuentra en Category:External link templates.
| Template code | Result | More information |
|---|---|---|
{{AlgaeBase|genus|43546}}
|
Template:AlgaeBase | |
{{ASW5|accessdate=2008-01-16}}
|
Frost, Darrel R. (2007). Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 5.0. Electronic database accessible at [1]. Accessed on 2008-01-16. | Template:ASW5 |
{{CoF|sp|4340||Nematobrycon palmeri}}
|
|
Template:CoF |
{{FishBase|258|''Esox lucius''}}
|
|
Template:FishBase |
{{GRIN|fam|879}}{{GRIN|gen|9418}}{{GRIN|sp|28411}}
|
|
Template:GRIN |
{{ITIS|180679|i}}{{ITIS|180679|''Dugong dugon'' ({{aut|Müller}}, 1776)}}
|
|
Template:ITIS |
{{IUCN|CR|57334|Telmatobius culeus}}
|
IUCN: Telmatobius culeus (Critically Endangered) | Template:IUCN |
{{MSW|11600005}}{{MSW|11600005|i}}
|
|
Template:MSW |
{{NCBI|9606|''Homo sapiens''}}
|
|
Template:NCBI |
{{NRDB genus|genus=Naja}}{{NRDB species|genus=Naja|species=naja}}
|
Naja at the New Reptile Database Naja naja at the New Reptile Database |
Template:NRDB genus Template:NRDB species |
{{PLANTS|ADENI}}
|
|
Template:PLANTS |
{{WoRMS||154210}}
|
Template:WoRMS |
| ← Name section | Reference section/es | Vernacular names section → |