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Wikispecies

Day butterflies

This is a list of Latvian diurnal Lepidoptera with additional and necessary information which helps in caching for photography specimens in nature. In my plan on 2017 photography of insects is taking a part in action of Latvian entomology society (LES) in photography of diurnal Lepidoptera on Latvian territory. So list of species below could help in searching different stages of Lepidoptera in its habitats and food plants.

Familia: Pieridae

Species: Anthocharis cardamines

Hostplant for larvae: oligofagous — mainly: Cardamine pratensis,^[2] Alliaria petiolata^[3]: also: Sinapis arvensis, Sisymbrium officinale, Arabis hirsuta, Cardamine amara, Barbarea vulgaris, Brassica rapa subsp. rapa.^[4]
Biologia of larvae: feeding on seeds.^[2]
Period of adults: first week on May to mid June.^[1]
Place and time of laying eggs: singly on flower stalk of variety of plants.^[4]
Habitat: riverbanks, wet grassland meadows, roadside verges, wet and rushy areas, woodland glades,^[1] mires, wet slopes,^[3] damp.^[4]

Species: Aporia crataegi

Hostplant for larvae: Prunus spinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Crataegus laevigata, Prunus mahaleb, Prunus domestica,^[5] Prunus insititia, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Malus domestica.
Biologia of larvae: wintering in 2nd ad 3rd stages, in groups in nests from leaves which is situated openly above snow;^[5] .
Period of adults: .
Place and time of laying eggs: in groups on food plant leaf surface.
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Species: Colias croceus (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Securigera varia, Medicago sativa, Lotus corniculatus,^[4] Hippocrepis comosa.
Biologia of larvae: grazes openly on food plant.
Period of adults: May, mid July to October.^[4]
Place and time of laying eggs: early June, July to October.^[4]
Habitat: migratory species.^[4]

Species: Colias hyale (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Trifolium repens.
Biologia of larvae: grazes openly on food plant.
Period of adults: May, July to early October.
Place and time of laying eggs: May, September to October.
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Species: Colias myrmidone

Hostplant for larvae: Cytisus ruthenicus.
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Species: Colias palaeno

Hostplant for larvae: Vaccinium uliginosum.
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Period of adults: mid June to mid August.
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Species: Gonepteryx rhamni

Hostplant for larvae: Frangula alnus.
Biologia of larvae: caterpillar grazes openly on leafs.
Period of adults: adults are overwintering; February to May, July to October, November.
Place and time of laying eggs: deposit single egg or little group of eggs on young twigs, leaf buds or young leafs.
Habitat: inhabits places where food plant is growing; roadside verges in woodland, deciduous woodlands and forests, forest edges and meadows, shrubs.

Species: Leptidea sinapis

Hostplant for larvae: Lathyrus pratensis, Vicia ervilia, Vicia cracca, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus.^[4]
Biologia of larvae: .
Period of adults: April to August.
Place and time of laying eggs: April to August; singly on food plants.^[4]
Habitat: woodland ridges, woodland clearings, coastal undercliffs, disused railway lines.^[4]

Species: Pieris brassicae

Hostplant for larvae: Capparis spinosa, Lobularia maritima, Brassica napus, Cakile maritima, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Oenothera biennis.
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Species: Pieris napi

Hostplant for larvae: Brassica oleracea var. italica, Thlaspi arvense, Sisymbrium officinale, Sinapis arvensis, Alliaria petiolata, Cardamine pratensis.^[4]
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Place and time of laying eggs: singly.
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Species: Pieris rapae

Hostplant for larvae: Iberis sempervirens, Rorippa sylvestris, Isatis tinctoria, Tropaeolum majus, Sisymbrium loeselii, Cardamine hirsuta.
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Species: Pontia chloridice

Hostplant for larvae: mainly - Cleome ornithopodioides, Cleome iberica, also (especially in Asia) - Descurainia sophia, Sisymbrium polymorphum, Arabis, Lepidium, Sinapis.^[8]
Biologia of larvae: caterpillar grazes openly on food plant twigs or leafs.
Period of adults: May to July.
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Species: Pontia edusa

Hostplant for larvae: Sisymbrium loeselii.
Biologia of larvae: .
Period of adults: April to early August, October.
Place and time of laying eggs: July to August.
Habitat: meadows, grasslands, grassland slopes, forest edges.

Familia: Nymphalidae

Species: Aglais io

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Species: Aglais urticae

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Species: Apatura ilia

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Populus tremula, Populus nigra, Populus alba, Populus maximowiczii, Salix sp.^[11]
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Species: Apatura iris (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix aurita.^[11]
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Period of adults: mid June to late August.^[11]
Place and time of laying eggs: singly on leaf.^[11]
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Species: Aphantopus hyperantus

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Species: Araschnia levana

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Species: Argynnis paphia

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Species: Argynnis laodice

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Species: Argynnis adippe

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Species: Argynnis niobe

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Species: Argynnis aglaja

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Species: Boloria aquilonaris

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Species: Boloria dia

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Species: Boloria euphrosyne

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Species: Boloria freija

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Species: Boloria frigga

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Species: Boloria selene

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Species: Boloria titania

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Species: Boloria eunomia

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Species: Brenthis daphne

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Species: Brenthis ino

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Species: Coenonympha arcania

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Species: Coenonympha glycerion

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Species: Coenonympha hero

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Species: Coenonympha pamphilus

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Species: Coenonympha tullia

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Species: Erebia aethiops

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Species: Erebia embla

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Species: Erebia ligea

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Species: Euphydryas aurinia

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Species: Euphydryas maturna

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Species: Hipparchia hermione

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Species: Hipparchia semele

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Species: Hyponephele lycaon

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Species: Issoria lathonia

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Species: Lasiommata maera

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Species: Lasiommata megera

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Species: Lasiommata petropolitana

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Species: Limenitis camilla

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Species: Limenitis populi

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Species: Lopinga achine

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Species: Maniola jurtina

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Species: Melanargia galathea

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Species: Melitaea athalia

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Species: Melitaea aurelia

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Species: Melitaea cinxia

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Species: Melitaea diamina

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Species: Melitaea didyma

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Species: Melitaea phoebe

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Species: Nymphalis antiopa

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Species: Nymphalis polychloros

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Species: Nymphalis vaualbum

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Species: Nymphalis xanthomelas

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Species: Oeneis jutta

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Species: Pararge aegeria

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Species: Polygonia c-album

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Species: Vanessa atalanta

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Species: Vanessa cardui

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Familia: Lycaenidae

Species: Aricia artaxerxes

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Species: Aricia eumedon

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Species: Callophrys rubi

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Species: Celastrina argiolus

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Species: Cupido minimus

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Species: Cupido argiades

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Species: Cyaniris semiargus

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Species: Favonius quercus

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Species: Glaucopsyche alexis

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Species: Lycaena alciphron

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Species: Lycaena dispar

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Species: Lycaena phlaeas

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Species: Lycaena tityrus

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Species: Lycaena virgaureae

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Species: Phengaris arion

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Species: Phengaris teleius

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Species: Plebejus argus

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Species: Plebejus argyrognomon

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Species: Plebejus idas

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Species: Plebejus optilete

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Species: Polyommatus damon

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Species: Polyommatus amandus

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Species: Polyommatus icarus

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Species: Pseudophilotes baton

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Species: Satyrium ilicis

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Species: Satyrium pruni

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Species: Satyrium w-album

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Species: Scolitantides orion

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Species: Thecla betulae ( gener. per year)

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Familia: Hesperiidae

Species: Carcharodus floccifera (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Stachys officinalis.
Biologia of larvae: catarpillar make box of wrapped leaf pasted over with tiny web.
Period of adults: July to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: June; leafs.
Habitat: shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Species: Carterocephalus palaemon (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Calamagrostis epigejos, Phragmites australis.
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up along in fully closed tube bonded both grass margins with some strings of web.
Period of adults: May to July.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: May; grass leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Species: Carterocephalus silvicola ( gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Phalaris arundinacea, Dactylis glomerata, Calamagrostis canescens, Molinia caerulea.
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up along in tube bonded both grass margins with some (2 or more) strings of web; leaf may be rolled until tube will be fully closed or not.
Period of adults: May to June.
Place and time of laying eggs: May; grass leafs.
Habitat: woodland glades.

Species: Erynnis tages (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: polyphagous - Eryngium campestre, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus uliginosus, Hippocrepis comosa, Medicago lupulina, Coronilla varia, Securigera varia.^[9]
Biologia of larvae: openly on leafs.
Period of adults: April to June, July to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: May-June, August; leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, higrophylous grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Species: Hesperia comma (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: polyphagous - Festuca ovina, Coronilla varia, Festuca, Poa, Holcus, Triticum.^[9]
Biologia of larvae: when caterpillar hedge it don`t egg chorion; immediately start pin with web closed box of leaf what usually is inhibited with single, rarely up to four together, caterpillar.^[10]
Period of adults: July to September.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: August; egg is deposited in grassland where there is some short turf, typically on small tussocks of grass growing adjacent to patches of bare ground.^[10]
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, higrophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests, river meadows.^[9]

Species: Heteropterus morpheus (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: monophagous - Calamagrostis canescens; rare - Molinia caerulea.^[9]
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up along in fully closed tube bonded both grass margins with some strings of web.
Period of adults: June to July.
Place and time of laying eggs: July; grass leafs (close to its basis, distal parts).
Habitat: shrubs, skirts of the forests, woodland meadows, forest edges.

Species: Ochlodes sylvanus ( gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: polyphagous - Phalaris arundinacea, Alopecurus pratensis, Calamagrostis purpurea, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia flexuosa, Phragmites communis, Holcus lanatus,Roegneria canina, Festuca, Triticum, Molinia, Luzula.
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up along in fully closed tube bonded both grass margins with some strings of tiny web; inside of tube is pasted over with tiny silky web.
Period of adults: April to July.
Place and time of laying eggs: June; on grass basis on leaf.
Habitat: .

Species: Pyrgus alveus (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: monophagous, mainly - Helianthemum nummularium, rare - Agrimonia eupatoria.^[9]
Biologia of larvae: .
Period of adults: July to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, higrophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Species: Pyrgus malvae (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Agrimonia eupatoria.
Biologia of larvae: wrap leaf to a tent-like leaf roll; inside is pasted over with tiny silk.
Period of adults: April to June, July to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: May, July; singly on leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, higrophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests, river meadows.^[9]

Species: Pyrgus serratulae ( gener. per year)

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Species: Thymelicus lineola (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - .
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up with not full margin closure.
Period of adults: May to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: July-August; singly on wilted of old grass leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, xerothermophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Species: Thymelicus sylvestris (1 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - .
Biologia of larvae: rolls grass leaf up with not full margin closure; when adult grazes openly.
Period of adults: May to August.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: July; singly or in small groups situated in lines on wilted of old grass leafs.
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands, shrubs, skirts of the forests.^[9]

Familia: Papilionidae

Species: Iphiclides podalirius ( gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Prunus spinosa, Prunus persica, Prunus × eminens.
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Species: Papilio machaon ( gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: Pimpinella saxifraga, Angelica sylvestris.
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Species: Parnassius mnemosyne ( gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Corydalis solida, Corydalis capnoides, Corydalis intermedia, Corydalis pumila,^[11] Corydalis fabacea, Corydalis cava.^[12]
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Habitat: open meadows, foothills, humid mixed-herb meadows in river valleys, river velleys, large karst ravines bottoms, river and lake shore meadows, upland meadows, flood-land meadows,^[11] shores of lakes, in the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea, the especially on the banks of rivers.^[12]

Familia: Riodinidae

Species: Hamearis lucina (2 gener. per year)

Hostplant for larvae: oligophagous - Primula veris, Primula elatior.
Biologia of larvae: .
Period of adults: April to June, July to September.^[9]
Place and time of laying eggs: .
Habitat: mesophylous grasslands, rocky grasslands.^[9]

Moths

Literature

[1] Duggan, A. E., 1983: Pre-Dispersal Seed Predation by Anthocharis cardamines (Pieridae) in the Population Dynamics of the Perennial Cardamine pratensis (Brassicaceae). Oikos. Vol. 44, No. 1. pp. 99-106 DOI: 10.2307/3544049
[2] Arvanitis, L., Wiklund, C. & Ehrlén, J., (May) 2007: Butterfly Seed Predation: Effects of Landscape Characteristics, Plant Ploidy Level and Population Structure. Oecologia. Vol. 152, No. 2. pp. 275-285
[3] Dennis, R. L. H., 2010: A Resource-Based Habitat View for Conservation: Butterflies in the British. ISBN 978-1-4051-9945-2
[4] Newland, D., Still, R., Swash, A. & Tomlinson, D., 2015: Britain's Butterflies: A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Ireland. ISBN 978-0-691-16643-8
[5] Захарова Е.Ю., Шкурихин А.О., Ослина Т.С. & Ключерева И.Д., 2015: Успешность зимовки гусениц разных возрастов боярышницы Aporia crataegi L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) на Среднем Урале. Евразиатский энтомологический журнал 14(2): 144-148.
[6] Črne, M., 2012: Vpliv paše na pojavljanje glogove belinke, Aporia crataegi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), na Kraškem robu. Koper, Univerza na Primorskem.
[7] Koschuh, A. & Gepp, J., 2004: Zur Verbreitung und Ökologie des Baum-Weißlings Aporia crataegi (L., 1758) in der Steiermark (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Joannea Zool. 6: 175–186
[8] Franeta, F., Kogovšek, N. & Verovnik, R., 2012: On the presence of Pontia chloridice (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Republic of Macedonia. Phegea 40 (1)
[9] Burnaz, S., 2000: Data concerning the butterflies (Subord Rhopalocera, Ord. Lepidoptera) from the eastern and north-eastern part of the Poiana Ruscă Mountains (Western Carpathians, Romania). Entomol. rom. 5: 51-67
[10] Barnett, L.K. and Warren, M.S., 1995: Silver-spotted Skipper Hesperia comma.
[11] Lee, Y. J., 2009: Apaturinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Korean Peninsula: Synonymic Lists and Keys to Tribes, Genera and Species. Zootaxa 2169: 1–20
[12] Bolotov, I. N., Gofarov, M. Y., Ryukov, M. R., Frolov, A. A. & Kogut, Y. E., 2012: Northern boundary of the range of the Clouded Apollo butterfly Parnassius mnemosyne (L.) (Papilionidae): climate influence or degradation of larval host plants? Nota lepid. 36 (1): 19 – 33
[13] Kask, K., (12 May) 2015: Distribution and habitat preferences of the clouded apollo butterfly [Parnassius mnemosyne (L.)] in Estonia. Estonian University of Life Sciences. ISBN 978-9949-536-77-1
[14] [[|]], :
[15] [[|]], :

Links

http://www.lepiforum.de