Wikispecies

Oenothera biennis

Oenothera biennis plant, Saint-Jérôme, Quebec, Canada
Oenothera biennis flower, Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Myrtales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Onagraceae
Subfamilia: Onagroideae
Tribus: Onagreae
Genus: Oenothera
Sectio: O. sect. Oenothera
Subsectio: O. subsect. Oenothera
Species: Oenothera biennis

Name

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Oenothera biennis L., (1753).

  • Lectotype: LINN 484.1, vide R.R.Gates, (1911).

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Brunyera biennis (L. Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 2: 649 (1899)
    • Oenothera biennis var. vulgaris Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 492 (1840), not validly publ.
    • Oenothera communis proles biennis (L.) H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 20: 323 (1910)
    • Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 269 (1771)
    • Pseudo-oenothera virginiana Rupr. in Fl. Ingrica: 365 (1860), nom. superfl.
  • Heterotypic
    • Oenothera beckeri Renner in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 60: 457 (1942), no Latin descr.
    • Oenothera biennis var. alba Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 270 (1866)
    • Oenothera biennis var. angustifolia Renner in Planta 47: 244 (1956)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. biennis Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 387 (1912), not validly publ.
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. caeciarum Munz in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 133 (1965)
    • Oenothera biennis var. cantabrigiana B.M.Davis in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. centralis Munz in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 134 (1965)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. chicaginensis (de Vries ex Renner & Cleland) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Opera Bot. 5: 258 (1961)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. grandiflora Stomps in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 41: 135 (1948), nom. superfl.
    • Oenothera biennis subf. latifolia (Asch.) Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 389 (1912)
    • Oenothera biennis f. leptomeres (Bartlett) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 518 (2009)
    • Oenothera biennis var. leptomeres Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 1: 242 (1914)
    • Oenothera biennis var. lutea Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 270 (1866)
    • Oenothera biennis f. muricata (L.) H.Lév. ex Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 389 (1912)
    • Oenothera biennis var. muricata (L.) Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 492 (1840)
    • Oenothera biennis f. nanella de Vries in Gruppenw. Artbild.: 297 (1913)
    • Oenothera biennis var. parviflora Abrom. in Fl. Ost- & Westpreussen 1: 276 (1898), nom. illeg.
    • Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (G.F.Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand in Rhodora 26: 3 (1924)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. rubricaulis (Kleb.) Stomps in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 41: 136 (1948), nom. illeg.
    • Oenothera biennis var. rubricaulis (Farw.) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 275 (1923)
    • Oenothera biennis subsp. suaveolens (Pers.) Rouy & E.G.Camus in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 7: 200 (1901)
    • Oenothera biennis var. sulphurea de Vries ex Bartlett in Rhodora 15: 53 (1913)
    • Oenothera brevicapsula Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 42 (1914)
    • Oenothera brevispicata Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 101 (1968)
    • Oenothera cambrica Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 285 (1977)
    • Oenothera cambrica var. impunctata Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 287 (1977)
    • Oenothera carinthiaca Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 287 (1977)
    • Oenothera casimiri Rostański in Gen. Oenothera E. Eur.: 21 (2004)
    • Oenothera chicaginensis de Vries ex Renner & Cleland in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 66: 275 (1933)
    • Oenothera chicaginensis var. bartlettii Soldano in Nat. Bresciana 28: 105 (1992 publ. 1993)
    • Oenothera chicaginensis var. minutiflora Rostański & V.Jehlik in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 14: 401 (1979)
    • Oenothera chicaginensis var. parviflora Renner in Planta 47: 233 (1956)
    • Oenothera chicagoensis Renner ex R.E.Cleland & Blakeslee in Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A. 16: 189 (1930)
    • Oenothera communis H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 328 (1909 publ. 1910), nom. superfl.
    • Oenothera communis f. canescens H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 330 (1909 publ. 1910)
    • Oenothera communis f. suaveolens (Pers.) H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 330 (1909 publ. 1910)
    • Oenothera compacta Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 96 (1968)
    • Oenothera editicaulis Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 99 (1968)
    • Oenothera ersteinensis H.P.Linder & Jean in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 116: 528 (1970)
    • Oenothera flaemingina Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 88 (1968)
    • Oenothera furca Boedijn in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 32: 361 (1924)
    • Oenothera gauroides Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 362 (1813)
    • Oenothera gauroides var. brevicapsula (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
    • Oenothera glabra Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768)
    • Oenothera grandiflora var. tracyi (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 13 (1957)
    • Oenothera grandifolia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 282 (1936)
    • Oenothera graveolens Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 186 (1782), opus utique oppr.
    • Oenothera hirtella de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 309 (1903), nom. illeg.
    • Oenothera inconspecta Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 89 (1968)
    • Oenothera indivisa Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 91 (1968)
    • Oenothera jueterbogensis Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 98 (1968)
    • Oenothera jueterbogensis var. macrosperma Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 101: 48 (1964)
    • Oenothera latipetala (Soldano) Soldano in Inform. Bot. Ital. 42(1): 388 (2010)
    • Oenothera macrosperma (Hudziok) Hudziok in Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 490 (1965)
    • Oenothera marinellae Soldano in Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 58: 178 (1982 publ. 1983)
    • Oenothera media Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 377 (1821)
    • Oenothera mediomarchica Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 90 (1968)
    • Oenothera muricata L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 263 (1767), nom. utique rej. prop.
    • Oenothera muricata var. latifolia Asch. in Fl. Brandenburg 1: 213 (1860)
    • Oenothera muricata var. rhodoneura Renner in Flora 131: 222 (1937)
    • Oenothera muricata var. rubricaulis Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 95 (1923)
    • Oenothera nissensis Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 508 (1965)
    • Oenothera nissensis var. fiedleri Gutte & Rostański in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 11: 185 (1981)
    • Oenothera novae-scotiae var. serratifolia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 259 (1936)
    • Oenothera nuda Renner ex Rostański in Nordic J. Bot. 27: 138 (2009)
    • Oenothera numismatica Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 41 (1914)
    • Oenothera obscurifolia Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 94 (1968)
    • Oenothera octolineata Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 89 (1968)
    • Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 93 (1968)
    • Oenothera paralamarckiana R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 245 (1936)
    • Oenothera parviflora var. muricata (L.) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 274 (1923)
    • Oenothera pedemontana Soldano in Rivista Piemont. Storia Nat. 4: 131 (1983)
    • Oenothera pellegrinii Soldano in Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 58: 181 (1982 publ. 1983)
    • Oenothera pratincola Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 40 (1914)
    • Oenothera pratincola var. numismatica (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
    • Oenothera pratincola f. typica Bartlett in Bot. Gaz. 60: 427 (1915), not validly publ.
    • Oenothera pubescens Nees in M.A.P.zu Wied-Neuwied, Reise Nord-America 2: 435 (1841), nom. illeg.
    • Oenothera punctulata Rostański & Gutte in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 9: 71 (1971)
    • Oenothera purpurata Kleb. in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 39: 19 (1925)
    • Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk. & Bartlett in Rhodora 15: 83 (1913)
    • Oenothera pycnocarpa var. cleistogama R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 250 (1936)
    • Oenothera pycnocarpa var. parviflora R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 251 (1936)
    • Oenothera pyramidiflora Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 95 (1968)
    • Oenothera reynoldsii Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 39 (1914)
    • Oenothera reynoldsii f. semialta Bartlett in Amer. Naturalist 49: 135 (1915)
    • Oenothera reynoldsii f. typica Bartlett in Amer. Naturalist 49: 130 (1915), not validly publ.
    • Oenothera rostanskii V.Jehlík in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 439 (1985)
    • Oenothera royfraseri R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 285 (1936)
    • Oenothera rubiella de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 309 (1903)
    • Oenothera rubiennis de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 102 (1903)
    • Oenothera rubricaulis Kleb. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., Beih. 31(3): 12 (1913 publ. 1914)
    • Oenothera rubricaulis var. dentifolia V.Jehlík & Rostański in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 14: 398 (1979)
    • Oenothera rubricaulis var. longistylis Gutte & Rostański in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 11: 187 (1981)
    • Oenothera rubricauloides Rostański in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 395 (2007)
    • Oenothera ruderalis Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 44 (1914)
    • Oenothera sabulosa Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 69 (1930)
    • Oenothera sackvillensis R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 287 (1936)
    • Oenothera sackvillensis var. albiviridis R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 290 (1936)
    • Oenothera sackvillensis var. royfraseri (R.R.Gates) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 12 (1957)
    • Oenothera salicastrum de Vries in Gruppenw. Artbild.: 304 (1913)
    • Oenothera sesitensis Soldano in Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittog. Univ. Pavia, ser. 6, 13: 147 (1978-1979 publ. 1980)
    • Oenothera shulliana A.H.Sturtev. in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 59: 367 (1931)
    • Oenothera stenomeres Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 1: 242 (1914)
    • Oenothera stenomeres f. typica Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 2: 101 (1915), not validly publ.
    • Oenothera stucchii Soldano in Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittog. Univ. Pavia, ser. 6, 13: 151 (1978-1979 publ. 1980)
    • Oenothera suaveolens Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 408 (1804)
    • Oenothera suaveolens var. latipetala Soldano in Rivista Piemont. Storia Nat. 2: 237 (1981)
    • Oenothera tacikii Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 503 (1965)
    • Oenothera tracyi Bartlett in Rhodora 13: 210 (1911)
    • Oenothera turoviensis Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 516 (1965)
    • Oenothera victorinii R.R.Gates & Catches. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 49: 182 (1933)
    • Oenothera victorinii var. intermedia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 321 (1936)
    • Oenothera victorinii var. parviflora R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 320 (1936)
    • Oenothera victorinii f. rostanskii (V.Jehlík) V.Jehlík & Rostański in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 30: 437 (1995)
    • Oenothera victorinii var. undulata R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 322 (1936)
    • Oenothera wratislaviensis Rostański in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 396 (2007)
    • Onagra chrysantha var. latifolia Spach in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 355 (1835 publ. 1836)
    • Onagra europaea Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 359 (1835)
    • Onagra media (Link) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 360 (1835)
    • Onagra muricata (L.) Moench in Methodus: 675 (1794)
    • Onagra vulgaris Spach in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 353 (1835)
    • Onosuris acuminata Raf. in Fl. Ludov.: 96 (1817)

Hybrids

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Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Northern America
    • Regional: Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward I., Québec, Saskatchewan
    • Regional: USA
      • Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast
    • Introduced into:
      • Albania, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Austria, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil South, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Russia, Chile Central, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colorado, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East European Russia, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Free State, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hawaii, Hungary, India, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Kuril Is., KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Madeira, Manchuria, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, New Mexico, Newfoundland, Northern Provinces, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sicilia, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tasmania, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Yugoslavia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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Vernacular names

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العربية: أخدرية محولة
беларуская: Асліннік двухгадовы
català: Bella de nit
čeština: Pupalka dvouletá
Cymraeg: Melyn yr Hwyr
Deutsch: Gemeine Nachtkerze
English: Common Evening-primrose
español: Onagra común
eesti: Kaheaastane kuningakepp
فارسی: پامچال شب
suomi: Iltahelokki
français: Onagre bisannuelle
hrvatski: Noćurak
hornjoserbsce: Wulkokwětna rěpnica
magyar: Parlagi ligetszépe
italiano: Enotera
日本語: メマツヨイグサ
македонски: Ноќниче
Nederlands: Middelste Teunisbloem
polski: Wiesiołek dwuletni
português: Canárias
română: Luminiță
русский: Ослинник двулетний
slovenčina: Pupalka dvojročná
svenska: Nattljus
Türkçe: Eşek otu
українська: Енотера дворічна
中文: 月见草
 
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