Oenothera biennis
Taxonavigation
editTaxonavigation: Myrtales |
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Classification System: APG IV
Superregnum: Eukaryota |
Familia: Onagraceae
Subfamilia: Onagroideae
Tribus: Onagreae
Genus: Oenothera
Sectio: O. sect. Oenothera
Subsectio: O. subsect. Oenothera
Species: Oenothera biennis
Name
editOenothera biennis L., (1753).
- Lectotype: LINN 484.1, vide R.R.Gates, (1911).
Synonyms
edit- Homotypic
- Brunyera biennis (L. Bubani in Fl. Pyren. 2: 649 (1899)
- Oenothera biennis var. vulgaris Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 492 (1840), not validly publ.
- Oenothera communis proles biennis (L.) H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 20: 323 (1910)
- Onagra biennis (L.) Scop. in Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 269 (1771)
- Pseudo-oenothera virginiana Rupr. in Fl. Ingrica: 365 (1860), nom. superfl.
- Heterotypic
- Oenothera beckeri Renner in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. 60: 457 (1942), no Latin descr.
- Oenothera biennis var. alba Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 270 (1866)
- Oenothera biennis var. angustifolia Renner in Planta 47: 244 (1956)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. biennis Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 387 (1912), not validly publ.
- Oenothera biennis subsp. caeciarum Munz in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 133 (1965)
- Oenothera biennis var. cantabrigiana B.M.Davis in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. centralis Munz in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl., ser. 2, 5: 134 (1965)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. chicaginensis (de Vries ex Renner & Cleland) Á.Löve & D.Löve in Opera Bot. 5: 258 (1961)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. grandiflora Stomps in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 41: 135 (1948), nom. superfl.
- Oenothera biennis subf. latifolia (Asch.) Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 389 (1912)
- Oenothera biennis f. leptomeres (Bartlett) P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 518 (2009)
- Oenothera biennis var. leptomeres Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 1: 242 (1914)
- Oenothera biennis var. lutea Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 270 (1866)
- Oenothera biennis f. muricata (L.) H.Lév. ex Thell. in Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 389 (1912)
- Oenothera biennis var. muricata (L.) Torr. & A.Gray in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 492 (1840)
- Oenothera biennis f. nanella de Vries in Gruppenw. Artbild.: 297 (1913)
- Oenothera biennis var. parviflora Abrom. in Fl. Ost- & Westpreussen 1: 276 (1898), nom. illeg.
- Oenothera biennis var. pycnocarpa (G.F.Atk. & Bartlett) Wiegand in Rhodora 26: 3 (1924)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. rubricaulis (Kleb.) Stomps in Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 41: 136 (1948), nom. illeg.
- Oenothera biennis var. rubricaulis (Farw.) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 275 (1923)
- Oenothera biennis subsp. suaveolens (Pers.) Rouy & E.G.Camus in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 7: 200 (1901)
- Oenothera biennis var. sulphurea de Vries ex Bartlett in Rhodora 15: 53 (1913)
- Oenothera brevicapsula Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 42 (1914)
- Oenothera brevispicata Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 101 (1968)
- Oenothera cambrica Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 285 (1977)
- Oenothera cambrica var. impunctata Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 287 (1977)
- Oenothera carinthiaca Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 23: 287 (1977)
- Oenothera casimiri Rostański in Gen. Oenothera E. Eur.: 21 (2004)
- Oenothera chicaginensis de Vries ex Renner & Cleland in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 66: 275 (1933)
- Oenothera chicaginensis var. bartlettii Soldano in Nat. Bresciana 28: 105 (1992 publ. 1993)
- Oenothera chicaginensis var. minutiflora Rostański & V.Jehlik in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 14: 401 (1979)
- Oenothera chicaginensis var. parviflora Renner in Planta 47: 233 (1956)
- Oenothera chicagoensis Renner ex R.E.Cleland & Blakeslee in Proc. Natl. Acad. U.S.A. 16: 189 (1930)
- Oenothera communis H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 328 (1909 publ. 1910), nom. superfl.
- Oenothera communis f. canescens H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 330 (1909 publ. 1910)
- Oenothera communis f. suaveolens (Pers.) H.Lév. in Bull. Acad. Int. Géogr. Bot., sér. 3, 19: 330 (1909 publ. 1910)
- Oenothera compacta Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 96 (1968)
- Oenothera editicaulis Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 99 (1968)
- Oenothera ersteinensis H.P.Linder & Jean in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 116: 528 (1970)
- Oenothera flaemingina Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 88 (1968)
- Oenothera furca Boedijn in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 32: 361 (1924)
- Oenothera gauroides Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 362 (1813)
- Oenothera gauroides var. brevicapsula (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
- Oenothera glabra Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768)
- Oenothera grandiflora var. tracyi (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 13 (1957)
- Oenothera grandifolia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 282 (1936)
- Oenothera graveolens Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 186 (1782), opus utique oppr.
- Oenothera hirtella de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 309 (1903), nom. illeg.
- Oenothera inconspecta Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 89 (1968)
- Oenothera indivisa Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 91 (1968)
- Oenothera jueterbogensis Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 98 (1968)
- Oenothera jueterbogensis var. macrosperma Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 101: 48 (1964)
- Oenothera latipetala (Soldano) Soldano in Inform. Bot. Ital. 42(1): 388 (2010)
- Oenothera macrosperma (Hudziok) Hudziok in Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 490 (1965)
- Oenothera marinellae Soldano in Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 58: 178 (1982 publ. 1983)
- Oenothera media Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 377 (1821)
- Oenothera mediomarchica Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 90 (1968)
- Oenothera muricata L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 2: 263 (1767), nom. utique rej. prop.
- Oenothera muricata var. latifolia Asch. in Fl. Brandenburg 1: 213 (1860)
- Oenothera muricata var. rhodoneura Renner in Flora 131: 222 (1937)
- Oenothera muricata var. rubricaulis Farw. in Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 1: 95 (1923)
- Oenothera nissensis Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 508 (1965)
- Oenothera nissensis var. fiedleri Gutte & Rostański in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 11: 185 (1981)
- Oenothera novae-scotiae var. serratifolia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 259 (1936)
- Oenothera nuda Renner ex Rostański in Nordic J. Bot. 27: 138 (2009)
- Oenothera numismatica Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 41 (1914)
- Oenothera obscurifolia Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 94 (1968)
- Oenothera octolineata Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 89 (1968)
- Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 93 (1968)
- Oenothera paralamarckiana R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 245 (1936)
- Oenothera parviflora var. muricata (L.) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 8: 274 (1923)
- Oenothera pedemontana Soldano in Rivista Piemont. Storia Nat. 4: 131 (1983)
- Oenothera pellegrinii Soldano in Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 58: 181 (1982 publ. 1983)
- Oenothera pratincola Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 40 (1914)
- Oenothera pratincola var. numismatica (Bartlett) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 16 (1957)
- Oenothera pratincola f. typica Bartlett in Bot. Gaz. 60: 427 (1915), not validly publ.
- Oenothera pubescens Nees in M.A.P.zu Wied-Neuwied, Reise Nord-America 2: 435 (1841), nom. illeg.
- Oenothera punctulata Rostański & Gutte in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 9: 71 (1971)
- Oenothera purpurata Kleb. in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 39: 19 (1925)
- Oenothera pycnocarpa G.F.Atk. & Bartlett in Rhodora 15: 83 (1913)
- Oenothera pycnocarpa var. cleistogama R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 250 (1936)
- Oenothera pycnocarpa var. parviflora R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 251 (1936)
- Oenothera pyramidiflora Hudziok in Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 105: 95 (1968)
- Oenothera reynoldsii Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 39 (1914)
- Oenothera reynoldsii f. semialta Bartlett in Amer. Naturalist 49: 135 (1915)
- Oenothera reynoldsii f. typica Bartlett in Amer. Naturalist 49: 130 (1915), not validly publ.
- Oenothera rostanskii V.Jehlík in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 439 (1985)
- Oenothera royfraseri R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 285 (1936)
- Oenothera rubiella de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 309 (1903)
- Oenothera rubiennis de Vries in Mutationstheorie 2: 102 (1903)
- Oenothera rubricaulis Kleb. in Jahrb. Hamburg. Wiss. Anst., Beih. 31(3): 12 (1913 publ. 1914)
- Oenothera rubricaulis var. dentifolia V.Jehlík & Rostański in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 14: 398 (1979)
- Oenothera rubricaulis var. longistylis Gutte & Rostański in Ber. Arbeitsgem. Sächs. Bot. 11: 187 (1981)
- Oenothera rubricauloides Rostański in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 395 (2007)
- Oenothera ruderalis Bartlett in Cybele Columb. 1: 44 (1914)
- Oenothera sabulosa Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 69 (1930)
- Oenothera sackvillensis R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 287 (1936)
- Oenothera sackvillensis var. albiviridis R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 290 (1936)
- Oenothera sackvillensis var. royfraseri (R.R.Gates) R.R.Gates in Rhodora 59: 12 (1957)
- Oenothera salicastrum de Vries in Gruppenw. Artbild.: 304 (1913)
- Oenothera sesitensis Soldano in Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittog. Univ. Pavia, ser. 6, 13: 147 (1978-1979 publ. 1980)
- Oenothera shulliana A.H.Sturtev. in Z. Indukt. Abstammungs- Vererbungsl. 59: 367 (1931)
- Oenothera stenomeres Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 1: 242 (1914)
- Oenothera stenomeres f. typica Bartlett in Amer. J. Bot. 2: 101 (1915), not validly publ.
- Oenothera stucchii Soldano in Atti Ist. Bot. Lab. Crittog. Univ. Pavia, ser. 6, 13: 151 (1978-1979 publ. 1980)
- Oenothera suaveolens Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 408 (1804)
- Oenothera suaveolens var. latipetala Soldano in Rivista Piemont. Storia Nat. 2: 237 (1981)
- Oenothera tacikii Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 503 (1965)
- Oenothera tracyi Bartlett in Rhodora 13: 210 (1911)
- Oenothera turoviensis Rostański in Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 11: 516 (1965)
- Oenothera victorinii R.R.Gates & Catches. in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 49: 182 (1933)
- Oenothera victorinii var. intermedia R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 321 (1936)
- Oenothera victorinii var. parviflora R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 320 (1936)
- Oenothera victorinii f. rostanskii (V.Jehlík) V.Jehlík & Rostański in Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 30: 437 (1995)
- Oenothera victorinii var. undulata R.R.Gates in Philos. Trans., Ser. B 226: 322 (1936)
- Oenothera wratislaviensis Rostański in Ann. Bot. Fenn. 44: 396 (2007)
- Onagra chrysantha var. latifolia Spach in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 355 (1835 publ. 1836)
- Onagra europaea Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 359 (1835)
- Onagra media (Link) Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 4: 360 (1835)
- Onagra muricata (L.) Moench in Methodus: 675 (1794)
- Onagra vulgaris Spach in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 4: 353 (1835)
- Onosuris acuminata Raf. in Fl. Ludov.: 96 (1817)
Hybrids
edit- Oenothera × albipercurva Renner ex Hudziok
- Oenothera × braunii Döll
- Oenothera × casimiri Rostański
- Oenothera × fallax Renner
- Oenothera × punctulata de Vries ex Rostański & Gutte
- Oenothera × saxonica Gutte & Rostański
- Oenothera × scandinavica Rostański
Distribution
editNative distribution areas: |
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References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition |
References
editPrimary references
edit- Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 346. Reference page.
Additional references
edit- Villaseñor, J.L. 2016. Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559–902. DOI: 10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017 Online PDF Reference page.
- Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2021). Flora of North America North of Mexico 10: 1-456. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
- Castroviejo, S. et al. (eds.) 2011. Oenothera biennis in Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica, e Islas Baleares. Published online. Accessed: 2011 Sept 21. Reference page.
- Gates, R.R. 1911. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 45: 587.
Links
edit- Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Oenothera biennis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 October 15. Reference page.
- International Plant Names Index. 2024. Oenothera biennis. Published online. Accessed: October 15 2024.
- Hassler, M. 2024. Oenothera biennis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2024. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2024 October 15. Reference page.
- Tropicos.org 2024. Oenothera biennis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 October 2024.
- Tela Botanica (ed.) 2000 onwards: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. eFlore. Oenothera biennis. Association Tela Botanica, Montpellier, France. Accessed: 2011 Sept 21.
- USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Oenothera biennis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Vernacular names
editالعربية: أخدرية محولة
беларуская: Асліннік двухгадовы
català: Bella de nit
čeština: Pupalka dvouletá
Cymraeg: Melyn yr Hwyr
Deutsch: Gemeine Nachtkerze
English: Common Evening-primrose
español: Onagra común
eesti: Kaheaastane kuningakepp
فارسی: پامچال شب
suomi: Iltahelokki
français: Onagre bisannuelle
hrvatski: Noćurak
hornjoserbsce: Wulkokwětna rěpnica
magyar: Parlagi ligetszépe
italiano: Enotera
日本語: メマツヨイグサ
македонски: Ноќниче
Nederlands: Middelste Teunisbloem
polski: Wiesiołek dwuletni
português: Canárias
română: Luminiță
русский: Ослинник двулетний
slovenčina: Pupalka dvojročná
svenska: Nattljus
Türkçe: Eşek otu
українська: Енотера дворічна
中文: 月见草
беларуская: Асліннік двухгадовы
català: Bella de nit
čeština: Pupalka dvouletá
Cymraeg: Melyn yr Hwyr
Deutsch: Gemeine Nachtkerze
English: Common Evening-primrose
español: Onagra común
eesti: Kaheaastane kuningakepp
فارسی: پامچال شب
suomi: Iltahelokki
français: Onagre bisannuelle
hrvatski: Noćurak
hornjoserbsce: Wulkokwětna rěpnica
magyar: Parlagi ligetszépe
italiano: Enotera
日本語: メマツヨイグサ
македонски: Ноќниче
Nederlands: Middelste Teunisbloem
polski: Wiesiołek dwuletni
português: Canárias
română: Luminiță
русский: Ослинник двулетний
slovenčina: Pupalka dvojročná
svenska: Nattljus
Türkçe: Eşek otu
українська: Енотера дворічна
中文: 月见草
For more multimedia, look at Oenothera biennis on Wikimedia Commons. |