Labyrinthulomycetes

(Redirected from Labyrinthulids)
Aplanochytrium sp.

Taxonavigation edit

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Chromista
Subregnum: Harosa
Infraregnum: Heterokonta
Phylum: Bigyra
Subphylum: Sagenista
Classis: Labyrinthulomycetes
Ordines: Labyrinthulales – Thraustochytriales – (Thraustochytrids)

Overview of genera: Aplanochytrium – Elina – Japonochytrium – Labyrinthomyxa – Labyrinthorhiza – Labyrinthula – ?Labyrinthuloides – Oblongichytrium – Phagomyxa – Pseudoplasmodium – Pyrrhosorus – Schizochytrium – Thraustochytrium – Ulkenia

Name edit

Labyrinthulomycetes Haeckel, Nat. Schöpfungsgesch.: 334. 1868 ("Labyrinthuleae").

Synonyms edit

Circumscriptional synonyms

  • Labyrinthulomycota Whittaker, 1969
  • Labyrinthomorpha Page in Levine et al., 1980
  • Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith, 1986
  • Slabyrinthulids Patterson, 1994


References edit

Primary references edit

  • Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. Gemeinverständliche wissenschaftliche Vorträge über die Entwikelungslehre im Allgemeinen und dijenige von Darwin, Goethe und Lamarck im Besonderen, über die Anwendung dersellben uf den Ursprung des Menschen und andere damit zusammenhängende Grundfragen der Naturwissenschaft. Berlin: Georg Reimer. xvi, 568 S. Google Books Reference page

Additional references edit

Alternative classifications edit

Cienkowski (1867) edit

{{Cienkowski, 1867)

Haeckel (1868a) edit

Haeckel, E. 1868. Natürliche Schöpfungsgeschichte. 1st ed. Reimer, Berlin, [1]. See Dayrat (2003), [2].

  • "Polyphyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [p. 347]
    • Plantae
    • “Protista” [polyphyletic]
      • Labyrinthuleae
      • Myxomycetes
      • Diatomeae
      • Monera Neutra
      • Protoplasta
      • Rhizopoda
      • Flagellata
    • Animalia
  • "Einstämmiger oder Monophyletisher Stammbaum der Organismen" [plate I, [3]]
    • Pflanzenreich, Plantae
      • Florideae
      • Fucoideae
      • Chloralgae + Muscinae + Filicinae + Gymnospermae + Angiospermae
      • Lichenes
      • Fungi
    • Protistenreich, Protista
      • Diatomea
      • Labyrinthulae
      • Myxomycetes
      • Monera neutra + Rhizopoda
      • Noctilucae
      • Flagellata
      • Protoplasta
    • Thierreich, Animalia
      • Coelenterata
      • Scolecida
      • Vermes (Scolecida + Colelminthes + Himatega) +Arthropoda + Vertebrata + Mollusca

Haeckel (1868b) edit

Haeckel, E. 1868. Monographie der Moneren. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 4: 64–144, [4]. See p. 122, 129-134.

Translation: Monograph of Monera. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 1869, IX: 27-42, 113-134, 219-232, 327-342.

  • Protista
    • Labyrinthulea (= Labyrinthulae) [p. 122]

Lankester (1877) edit

Lankester, E. R. 1877. Notes on the embryology and classification of the animal kingdom: Comprising a revision of speculations relative to the origin and significance of germ layers. Quartely Journal of Microscopical Science, 68:399-454, [5].

  • Animalia
    • Plastidozoa
      • Protozoa
        • Gymnomyxa
          • Labyrinthulida (Labyrinthula, Chlamydomyxa) [p. 442]
    • Enterozoa

Haeckel (1878) edit

Haeckel, E., 1878. Das Protistenreich. Eine Populäre Uebersicht über das Formengebiet der Niedersten Lebewesen. Ernst Günther's Verlag, Leipzig, 104 pp, [6].

  • Protista
    • Labyrinthuleae [p. 94]
      • Labyrinthula vitellina
      • Labyrinthula macrocystis

Lankester (1885, 1891) edit

Lankester, E. R. (1885). Article "Protozoa". In: Encyclopaedia Britannica (9th ed.), 19: 830–866, [7].

Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, [8].

  • Protozoa
    • Labyrinthulidea

Zopf (1892) edit

Zur Kenntniss der Labyrinthuleen, einer Familie der Mycetozoa. In: Beiträge zur Physiologie und Morphologie niederer Organismen. Heft 2 (1892), p. 36, Leipzig, [9].

  • Mycetozoen
    • Ordnung Sorophoren
      • Unterordnung II: Labyrinthuleae Zopf
        • Familie 1: Labyrinthuleen (Cienk.) Zopf

Delage & Hérouard (1896) edit

Traité de zoologie concrète, t. 1, p. 79, [10].

  • Protozoa
    • Rhizopodia
      • Mycetozoariae
        • Filoplasmodida vel Labyrinthulida

Doflein (1901) edit

Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger, 1st ed, [11].

  • Protozoa
    • Labyrinthulidae

Lister in Lankester (1909) edit

Lister, J. J. (1909). Appendix A (Chlamydomyxa & Labyrinthula). In: Lankester, E. R. A treatise on zoology, vol. 1 (1909), [12].

  • Protozoa incertae sedis
    • Labyrinthula

Copeland (1956) edit

The classification of lower organisms, [13].

  • Kingdom Protoctista
    • Phylum Protoplasta
      • Family Labyrinthulida [Labyrinthulidae] Haeckel ex Doflein Protozoen 47 (1901)

Chadefaud & Emberger (1960) edit

Chadefaud, M. & Emberger, L. (éds.). Traité de botanique systématique. Masson et Cie., Paris.

  • Tome I. Les végétaux non vasculaires (Cryptogamie), par M. Chadefaud, 1960, 1 vol. de 1016 pages, [14]
  • Tome II. Les végétaux vasculaires, par L. Emberger, 1960, deux fascicules, 1540 pages, [15], [16]


  • Monde vivant
    • Protocaryotes (= Schizophytes)
    • Eucaryotes
      • Algues Eucaryotes (= Phycophytes)
        • Chromophycophytes (= Chromophycées, ou Algues brunes et leurs alliées)
          • Chrysophycées (lato sensu)
            • Chrysophycinées (= Chrysophycées str. sensu, algues brun doré, ou algues brunes)
            • Xanthophycinées (= Xanthophycées, Hétérokontes, ou algues vert jaune)
              • Protozoaires chryso- et xanthoflagellés (incl. Labyrinthulides [= Filoplasmodidés]: Labyrinthorhiza et Labyrinthula)
            • Silicophycinées (= Silicomonadines, ou Silicoflagellés)
            • Craspédophycinées (= Craspédomonadines, ou Choanoflagellés)
            • Bacillariophycinées (= Diatomées)
          • Phéophycées

Levine & Corliss (1963) edit

Levine, N. D. & J. O. Corliss (1963). Two new subclasses of sarcodines, Labyrinthulia subcl. nov. and Proteomyxidia subcl. nov. (Abstr.). J. Protozool., 10 (Suppl.), 27.

Class Sarcodina

  • Subclass Labyrinthulia

Honigberg et al. (1964) edit

A revised classification of the phylum Protozoa, [17].

Olive (1975) edit

Olive, L. (1975). The mycetozoans. Academic Press, New York, [18].

Page in Levine et al. (1980) edit

A newly revised classification of the Protozoa, [19].

  • Subkingdom Protozoa
    • Phylum Labyrinthomorpha
      • Class Labyrinthulea
        • Order Labyrinthulida (e.g., Labyrinthula, Thraustochytrium)

Corliss (1984) edit

The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla, [20].

  • Kingdom Protista
    • Assemblage "Labyrinthomorphs"
      • Phylum Labyrinthulea Cienkowski, 1867
      • Phylum Thraustochytriacea Sparrow, 1943

Cavalier-Smith (1986) edit

Cavalier-Smith, T. (1986). The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics. In: Round, F.E. and Chapman, D.J. (eds.). Progress in Phycological Research. 4: 309–347, [21].

Kingdom Chromista

  • Subkingdom Cryptophyta
    • Phylum Cryptophyta
  • Subkingdom Chromophyta
    • Phylum Heterokonta
      • Subphylum Ochrista
      • Subphylum Pseudofungi (= Heterkontimycotina)
        • Superclass Pythiista
          • Class Oomycetes
          • Class Hyphochytrea
        • Superclass Labyrinthista
          • Class Labyrinthulea L.S. Olive ex Caval.-Sm., (1986)
            • Order Thraustochytriales
            • Order Labyrinthulales
    • Phylum Haptophyta

Cavalier-Smith (1989) edit

Cavalier-Smith. T. (1989). The Kingdom Chromista. In: J.C. Green et al. (eds). The Chromophyte Algae: problems and Perspectives, pp. 381-407, [22].

  • Kingdom Chromista
    • Subkingdom Cryptista
    • Subkingdom Chromophyta
      • Phylum Heterokonta
        • Subphylum Ochrista
        • Subphylum Bicoecia
        • Subphylum Pseudofungi ("Not now a synonym for Heterokontimycotina Dick 1976.")
          • Class Pythiistea
        • Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith 1986. stat. nov.
          • Class Labyrinthulea
            • Subclass 1. Thraustochytridae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
            • Subclass 2. Labyrinthulidae Cavalier-Smith, 1989
      • Phylum Haptomonada

Porter in Margulis et al. (1990) edit

Porter, D., 1990. 22. Phylum Labyrinthulomycota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 388-398. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [23].

Kingdom Protoctista

Cavalier-Smith (1993) edit

Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, [24].

Corliss (1994) edit

An Interim Utilitarian ("User-friendly") Hierarchical Classification and Characterization of the Protists.

Empire Eukaryota

  • Kingdom Chromista

Cavalier-Smith (1998) edit

A revised six-kingdom system of life

  • Phylum Sagenista
    • Subphylum Labyrinthista Cavalier-Smith 1986 stat. nov. 1989

David J. Patterson (1999) edit

The Diversity of Eukaryotes

Webster (2007) edit

Introduction to Fungi, 3rd ed.

  • Straminipila
    • Hyphochytriomycota
    • Labyrinthulomycota (= Labyrinthomorpha, Labyrinthista and Labyrinthulea) (slime nets)
      • Labyrinthulomycetes (= Labyrinthulales)
      • Thraustochytriomycetes (= Thraustochytriales)
    • Oomycota (= Peronosporomycetes)

Anderson & Cavalier-Smith (2012) edit

Anderson, O. R., & Cavalier-Smith, T. (2012). Ultrastructure of Diplophrys parva, a new small freshwater species, and a revised analysis of Labyrinthulea (Heterokonta). Acta Protozoologica, 51(4), 291-304, [25].

Gomaa et al. (2013) edit

Gomaa, F., Mitchell, E. A., & Lara, E. (2013). Amphitremida (Poche, 1913) is a new major, ubiquitous labyrinthulomycete clade. PloS one, 8(1), e53046, [26].

Stramenopiles

Beakes et al. (2014) edit

Beakes, G. W., Honda, D. & Thines, M. (2014). Systematics of the Straminipila: Labyrinthulomycota, Hyphochytriomycota and Oomycota. In: McLaughlin, D. J. & Spatafora, J. W. (eds). The Mycota. Vol. VII. Part A. Systematics and Evolution. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag, Berlin, p. 39-97, [27].

[Note: names in { } are protistan nomenclatural equivalents used by Anderson & Cavalier-Smtih (2012).]

Bennett et al. (2017) edit

Bennett, R. M., Honda, D., Beakes, G. W. & Thines M. (2017). Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald, J. M., Simpson A. G. B., Slamovits, C. H. (eds) Handbook of the Protists Springer International Publishing, p. 507 - 542, [28].

note: names with " " are provisional and requires deep phylogenetic study.

References edit

  • Arx, J. A. von. 1970. The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. Lehre, Germany: J. Cramer, [29].
  • Bennett, R.M.; Honda, D.; Beakes, G.W.; Thines, M. 2017. Labyrinthulomycota. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 507-542. [30].
  • Dick, M.W. 2001. Straminipilous Fungi. Springer. ISBN 0792367804.
  • Porter, David. 2005. Labyrinthulomycetes. Version 01 January 2005 (temporary). http://tolweb.org/Labyrinthulomycetes/21791/2005.01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/
  • Whittaker, R. H. 1969. New concepts of kingdoms or organisms. Science 163 (3863): 150–160, [31].

Vernacular names edit

čeština: Labyrintuly
Deutsch: Netzschleimpilze, Schleimnetze
English: Slime nets
suomi: Labyrinttisienet
日本語: ラビリンチュラ
українська: Лабіринтуломікотові