Myxogastrea

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphylum: Conosa
Infraphylum: Mycetozoa
Classis: Myxogastrea (= Myxomycetes)
Ordines: Parastelida – Echinosteliida – Liceida – Trichiida – Stemonitida – Physarida
Genera incertae sedis: Dianema – Trichioides

Name

Myxogastrea L.S. Olive, 1970 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1993

Similar groups

Myxogast[e]res Fries, 1829, p.p.
Myxogastria Macbride, 1899 ex L.S. Olive, 1970
Myxogastriomycota Edwards, 1976
Myxomycetes Link, 1833, Wallroth, 1833, Haeckel, 1866 (sensu Neubert et al., 1993, Webster & Weber, 2007)
Myxomycota Whittaker, 1969 (not sensu Webster & Weber, 2007)

References

Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E.-Y. & Oates, B. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium. European Journal of Protistology 40(1): 21–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001 Reference page.
Stephenson, S.L. 2003: The Fungi of New Zealand Volume 3: Myxomycetes of New Zealand. Fungal Diversity Press: Hong Kong. ISBN 962-86765-4-7
Stephenson, S.L. 2003: Myxomycetes associated with decaying fronds of nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida) in New Zealand. New Zealand journal of botany, 41: 311–317.
Stephenson, S.L.; Novozhilov, Y.K.; Shirley, C.; Mitchell, D.W. 2009: Additions to the myxomycetes known from New Zealand, including a new species of Diderma. Australian systematic botany, 22(6): 466–472. DOI: 10.1071/SB09020
Stephenson, S.L., Schnittler, M. (2016). Myxomycetes. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-27. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_44-1
Myxogastrea in Index Fungorum
Stephenson, S.L.; Seppelt, R.D.; Laursen, G.A. 1992: The first record of a myxomycete from subantarctic Macquarie Island. Antarctic science, 4: 431–432. DOI: 10.1017/S0954102092000634
Wallroth, F.W. (1833). Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae. Sectio II. Nürnberg, J.L. Schrag. [1].

Vernacular names

Alternative classifications

Fries (1821-1832)

Systema Mycologicum (1821–32), 3 vols, [2]. Elenchus fungorum, sistens commentarium in Systema mycologicum, (1828), 2 vols, [3], [4]. See Sanctioned name.

Fungi [p. xxxiv]

Classis Gastromycetes
- Ordo Gasteromycetes genuini seu Trichospermi
  - Subordo Myxogastres [vol. 3, 1829, p. 67]

Link (1833)

Link, H. F. (1829-1833). Handbuch zur Erkennung der nutzbarsten und am häufigsten vorkommenden Gewächse, 3 vols., [5], [6].

Pflanzen

Classis. V. Cryptophyta
- Ordo III. Fungi
  - Subordo VI. Myxomycetes [vol. 3, 1833, p. 405]
    - 98. Lycogala
    - 99. Reticularia
    - 100. Lignydium
    - 101. Aethalium
    - 102. Spumaria
    - 103. Diderma
    - 104. Physarum
    - 105. Cionium
    - 106. Didymium
    - 107. Leocarpus
    - 108. Leangium
    - 109. Trichia
    - 110. Stemonitis
    - 111. Diachea
    - 112. Arcyria
    - 113. Dictydium
    - 114. Cribraria
    - 115. Craterium
    - 116. Cupularia
    - 117. Perichaena
    - 118. Tubulina
    - 119. Licea
    - 120. Myriococcum
    - 121. Myrothecium
    - 122. Dacrydium
    - 123. Trichoderma
    - 124. Amphisporium

Haeckel (1866)

Generelle morphologie der organismen, Bd. 2, [7].

Protista
- 5. Myxomycetes [p. xxvi]

Macbride (1899)

Macbride, T. H. 1899. North American Slime Moulds. The MacMillan Company, New York, 231 pp. [8].

Myxomycetes (Link) De Bary

Sub-class Phytomyxinae Schroeter
Sub-class Exosporeae Rost.
Sub-class Myxogastres (Fries) Macbr. [= Myxomycetes proper]

Bessey (1950)

Morphology and taxonomy of fungi, [9].

Phylum Protozoa
- Class Sarcodina (= Rhizopoda)
  - Subclass Mycetozoa
    - Order Myxogastrales (= Myxomycetes, Myxogastres) true slime molds
    - Order Acrasiales
    - Order Plasmodiophorales
    - Order Labyrinthulales

Whittaker (1969)

New Concepts of Kingdoms of Organisms, [10].

Kingdom Fungi
- Subkingdom Gymnomycota
  - Phylum Myxomycota
  - Phylum Acrasiomycota
  - Phylum Labyrinthulomycota

Olive (1970)

Olive, L. S. (1970). The Mycetozoa: a revised classification. The Botanical Review 36: 59–89, [11].

Class Mycetozoa
- Subclass Protostelia
  - Order Protosteliida
- Subclass Dictyostelia
  - Order Dictyosteliida
- Subclass Acrasia
  - Order Acrasida
- Subclass Myxogastria
- Groups of uncertain affinity

Olive (1975)

Olive, L. (1975). The mycetozoans. Academic Press, New York, [12].

Kingdom Protista

Phylum Euprotista
Phylum Gymnomyxa
- Subphylum Mycetozoa
  - Class Eumycetozoa
    - Subclass Protostelia
    - Subclass Dictyostelia
    - Subclass Myxogastria
  - Class Acrasea
- Subphylum Plasmodiophorina
  - Class Plasmodiophorea
- Subphylum Labyrinthulina
  - Class Labyrinthulea

Frederick in Margulis et al. (1990)

Frederick, L., 1990. 27a. Phylum Plasmodial Slime Molds, Class Myxomycota. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 467-483. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [13].

Kingdom Protoctista

Section IV: Phyla with flagellated stages and complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 27. Plasmodial slime molds
  - Class Protostelida
  - Class Myxomycota

Neubert et al. (1993-2000)

Neubert, H., Nowotny, W., & Baumann, K. (1993). Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs. Band 1: Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen. [14].
Neubert, H., Nowotny, W., & Baumann, K. (1995). Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs. Band 2: Physarales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen. [Mitarbeit von Heidi Marx.]
Neubert, H., Nowotny, W., & Baumann, K. (2000). Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs. Band 3: Stemonitales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen. [Mitarbeit von Heidi Marx.]

Myxomycetes

Cavalier-Smith (1993)

From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla, [15].

Empire Eukaryota

Superkingdom 2. Metakaryota
- Kingdom 1. Protozoa
  - Subkingdom 2. Dictyozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1991
    - Branch 2. Bikonta new branch
      - Infrakingdom 2. Neozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1983
        Parvkingdom 1. Ciliomyxa parvking. nov.
        Superphylum 1. Opalomyxa superphyl. nov.
        Phylum 2. Mycetozoa de Bary, 1873 stat. nov. Engler & Prantl, 1888
        Subphylum 1. Eumyxa nomen novum pro Plasmodiogymnomycotina Martin, Alexopoulos & Farr, 1983
        Class 1. Protostelea Olive & Stoianovitch, 1966
        
        Class 2. Myxogastrea Fries, 1829 stat. nov.
        Subclass 1. Gastromyxia nomen novum pro Myxogastromycetidae
        
        Subclass 2. Stemonitia Ross, 1973 orthog. emend.
        
        Subphylum 2. Dictyostelia Lister, 1909 stat. nov.
        Class 1. Dictyostelea Lister, 1909 stat. nov.

David J. Patterson (1999)

From The Diversity of Eukaryotes

In Ramicristates
Myxomycetes

Dykstra & Keller, in Lee et al. (2000)

Dykstra, M.J. & Keller, H.W., 2000. Class Mycetozoa De Bary, 1859. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 952-981, [16]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [17].

In “protozoa”, “amoeboid protists”

Class Mycetozoa De Bary, 1859
- Subclass Protostelia Olive, 1970
- Subclass Guttulinia L. Olive, 1970
- Subclass Myxogastria Macbride, 1899
  - Order Liceida Jahn, 1928
    - Family Liceidae Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Licea Schrader, 1797
      - Genus Kelleromyxa (Dearness & Bisby) Eliasson, 1991
    - Family Listerellidae Jahn, 1928
      - Genus Listerella Jahn, 1928
    - Family Enteridiidae Farr, 1982
      - Genus Lindbladia Fries, 1849
      - Genus Cribraria Persoon, 1794
      - Genus Dictydium Schrader, 1797
      - Genus Lycogala Micheli, 1729 ex Adanson
      - Genus Enteridium Bulliard, 1791
      - Genus Dictydiaethalium Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Tubifera Gmelin, 1792[1791] [see Genus Tubulifera Jacq., 1778]
  - Order Echinosteliida Keller & Brooks, 1976
    - Family Echinosteliedae Rostafinski, 1873 [see Echinosteliidae Rostafinski, 1873]
      - Genus Echinostelium de Bary, 1873
    - Family Clastodermidae Alexopoulos & Brooks, 1971
      - Genus Barbeyella Meylan, 1914
      - Genus Clastoderma Blytt, 1880
  - Order Trichiida Macbride, 1922
    - Family Dianemidae Macbride, 1899
      - Genus Calomyxa Nieuwland, 1916
      - Genus Dianema Rex, 1891
    - Family Trichiidae Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Arcyriatella Hochgesand & Gottsberger, 1989
      - Genus Minakatella
      - Genus Prototrichia Rostafinski, 1876
      - Genus Cornuvia Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Oligonema Rostafinski, 1875
      - Genus Calonema Morgan, 1893
      - Genus Arcyodes O.F. Cook, 1902
      - Genus Arcyria Wiggers, 1780
      - Genus Perichaena Fries, 1817
      - Genus Metatrichia Ing, 1964
      - Genus Hemitrichia Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Trichia Haller, 1768
  - Order Stemonitida Macbride, 1922
    - Family Stemonitidae Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Brefeldia Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Amaurochaete Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Schenella Macbride, 1911
      - Genus Colloderma Lister, 1910
      - Genus Diacheopsis Meylan, 1930
      - Genus Enerthenema Bowman, 1830
      - Genus Macbrideola H.C. Gilbert, 1934
      - Genus Lamproderma Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Stemonitis Roth, 1787
      - Genus Comatricha Preuss, 1851
    - Family Stemonitidae Rostafinski, 1873
  - Order Physarida Macbride, 1922
    - Family Elaeomyxidae Hagelstein, 1982 ex Farr & Keller, 1982
      - Genus Elaeomyxa Hagelstein, 1942
    - Family Physaridae Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Protophysarum Blackwell & Alexopoulos, 1975
      - Genus Fuligo Haller, 1768
      - Genus Badhamiopsis Brooks & Keller, in Keller & Brooks, 1976
      - Genus Leocarpus Link, 1809
      - Genus Physarella Peck, 1882
      - Genus Willkommlangea Kuntze, 1891
      - Genus Craterium Trentepohl, 1797
      - Genus Erionema Penzig, 1898
      - Genus Badhamia Berkeley, 1853
      - Genus Physarum Persoon, 1794
    - Family Didymiidae Rostafinski, 1873
      - Genus Mucilago Micheli ex Battara, 1755
      - Genus Trabrooksia Keller, 1980
      - Genus Leptoderma Lister, 1913
      - Genus Physarina Höhn, 1909
      - Genus Diachea Fries, 1825
      - Genus Diderma Persoon, 1794
      - Genus Didymium Schrader, 1797
      - Genus Lepidoderma de Bary, 1873

Cavalier-Smith (2002)

Cavalier-Smith T., 2002. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002 Mar;52(Pt 2):297-354, DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-297.

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphylum: Conosa
Infraphylum: Mycetozoa
Classis: Myxogastrea

Adl et al. (2005)

Adl, S.M. et al. 2005: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 52(5): 399–451. PDF

Eukaryota

Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Eumycetozoa Zopf, 1884, emend. Olive, 1975 (Mycetozoa de Bary, 1873)
  - Protostelia Olive, 1975 (P)
  - Myxogastria Macbride, 1899 (Myxomycetes Link, 1833, emend. Haeckel, 1866) [see Adl. et al., 2012]
  - Dictyostelia Lister, 1909, emend. Olive, 1970
  - Incertae sedis Eumycetozoa: Copromyxa, Copromyxella, Fonticula

Webster & Weber (2007)

Introduction to Fungi, 3rd ed.

Protozoa
- Myxomycota (slime moulds)
  - Acrasiomycetes (= Acrasea) (acrasid cellular slime moulds)
  - Dictyosteliomycetes (= Dictyostelia) (dictyostelid cellular slime moulds)
  - Protosteliomycetes (= Protostelea) (protostelid plasmodial slime moulds)
  - Myxomycetes (= Myxogastrea) (true (plasmodial) slime moulds)
- Plasmodiophoromycota

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page.

Eukaryota

Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 (= Eumycetozoa Zopf 1884, emend Olive 1975)
- Myxogastria Macbride 1899 (not Myxomycetes Link 1833, emend. Haeckel 1866)
  - "light spored (LS)"
    - Arcyria, Calomyxa, Cribraria, Hemitrichia, Licea, Lycogala, Metatrichia, Oligonema, Perichaena, Trichia, Tubifera
  - "dark spored (DS)"
    - Badhamia, Barbyella, Brefeldia, Comatricha, Diachea, Diderma, Dydimium, Echinostelium, Fuligo, Lamproderma, Leocarpus, Lepidoderma, Macbrideola, Physarella, Physarum, Stemonitis, Willkommlangea