Holometabola

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordines: Coleopterida – Hymenopterida – Neuropterida – Panorpida
incertae sedis: †Cavalarva – †Metabolarva

Overview of ordines

Coleoptera – Diptera – Hymenoptera – Lepidoptera – "Mecoptera" – Megaloptera – Neuroptera – Raphidioptera – Siphonaptera – Strepsiptera – Trichoptera – †Permotrichoptera – †Skleroptera
[list of ordines after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]

Name

Holometabola Burmeister, 1835

Synonymy

Metabola Burmeister, 1832
Holometabola Burmeister, 1835
Endopterygota Sharp, 1898

References

Primary references

Sharp, D. 1898. Some points in the classification of Insecta Hexapoda. Pp. 246–249. In: Sedgwick, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the fourth International Congress of Zoology, Cambridge, 22-27 August, 1898. London: C.J. Clay and Sons. BHL.

Additional references

Aristov, D.S. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. 2015. New insects from the Kungurian of Tshekarda fossil site in Permian Territory of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal 24(1): 17–35. DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.24.1.03 . Reference page.
Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F., Hörnschemeyer, T., Pohl, H., Hünefeld, F., Beckmann, F., Meier, R., Misof, B., Whiting, M.F. & Vilhelmsen, L. 2010 (Online) 2011 (Print). Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola. Cladistics 27(4): 341–355. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00338.x . Reference page.
Beutel, R.G. & Pohl, H. 2006. Endopterygote systematics – where do we stand and what is the goal (Hexapoda, Arthropoda)? Systematic Entomology 31(2): 202–219. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00341.x . Reference page.
Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0. limited preview on Google Books. Reference page.
Krenn, H.W. 2007. Evidence from mouthpart structure on interordinal relationships in Endopterygota? Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 65(1): 7–14. DOI: 10.3897/asp.65.e31661 .
Nel, A., Roques, P., Nel, P., Prokin, A.A., Bourgoin, T., Prokop, J., Szwedo, J., Azar, D., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Wappler, T., Garrouste, R., Coty, D., Huang, D.-Y., Engel, M. & Kirejtshuk, A.G. 2013. The earliest-known holometabolous insects. Nature 503: 257–261. [14 p. Supplementary material.] DOI: 10.1038/nature12629 . Reference page.
Wootton, R.J. 2002. Design, function and evolution in the wings of holometabolous insects. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 31–40. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00076.x .
Whiting, M.F. 2002. Phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders: molecular evidence. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 3–15. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00093.x .
Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.C., Wheeler, Q.D. & Wheeler, W.C. 1997. The Strepsiptera Problem: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insect Orders Inferred from 18S and 28S Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Morphology. Systematic Biology 46(1): 1–68. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/46.1.1 . DOI: 10.2307/2413635, JSTOR . Reference page.

Vernacular names

English: Complete Metamorphosis Insects
magyar: Fejlett szárnyas rovarok
日本語: 内翅類
Türkçe: Tümbaşkalaşmalı böcekler
Tiếng Việt: Côn trùng trưởng thành
中文: 内翅總目