Strepsiptera

*Halictophagus* sp. female with emergent triungulin in cicadellid host

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: ParaHoxozoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Ecdysozoa
Cladus: Panarthropoda
Phylum: Arthropoda
Cladus: Mandibulata
Cladus: Pancrustacea
Cladus: Allotriocarida
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Classis: Insecta
Cladus: Dicondylia
Subclassis: Pterygota
Infraclassis: Neoptera
Cladus: Eumetabola
Cladus: Holometabola
Superordo: Coleopterida
Ordo: Strepsiptera
Subordines: Stylopidia
Familiae (6): Bahiaxenidae – "Mengenillidae" – †Cretostylopidae – Lychnocolacidae – †Mengeidae – †Phthanoxenidae – †Protoxenidae

Name

Strepsiptera Kirby, 1813: 107

References

Primary references

Kirby, W. 1813. Strepsiptera, a new order of insects proposed; and the characters of the order, with those of its genera, laid down. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 11(1): 86–123. BHL

Additional references

Bravo, F., Pohl, H., Silva-Neto, A. & Beutel, R.G. 2009. Bahiaxenidae, a "living fossil" and a new family of Strepsiptera (Hexapoda) discovered in Brazil. Cladistics 25(6): 614–623. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00264.x . Reference page.
Cook, J.L. 2019. Annotated catalog of the order Strepsiptera of the World. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 145(2): 121–267. DOI: 10.3157/061.145.0202 . PDF. Reference page.
Engel, M.S. 2020. On the availability of the family-group name Lychnocolacidae (Strepsiptera). Zootaxa 4743(3): 441–442. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4743.3.12 Reference page.
Engel, M.S., Huang, D., Breitkreuz, L.C.V., Azar, D., Cai, C. & Alvarado, M. 2016. A new twisted-wing parasitoid from mid-Cretaceous amber of Myanmar (Strepsiptera). Cretaceous Research 58: 160–167. DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2015.10.008 . ResearchGate . Reference page.
Grimaldi, D., Kathirithamby, J. & Schawaroch, V. 2005. Strepsiptera and triungula in Cretaceous amber. Insect Systematics & Evolution 36(1): 1–20. DOI: 10.1163/187631205788912787 . Reference page.
Kathirithamby, J. 1989. Review of the order Strepsiptera. Systematic Entomology 14(1): 41–92. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1989.tb00265.x Reference page.
Kathirithamby, J. 2009. Host-parasitoid associations in Strepsiptera. Annual review of entomology 54: 227–249. PDF.
Kathirithamby, J. & Engel, M.S. 2014. A revised key to the living and fossil families of Strepsiptera, with the description of a new family, Cretostylopidae. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 87(4): 385–388. DOI: 10.2317/JKES140407.1 . Reference page.
Kathirithamby, J. & Taylor, S.J. 2005. A new species of Halictophagus (Insecta: Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae) from Texas, and a checklist of Strepsiptera from the United States and Canada. Zootaxa 1056: 1–18. Abstract & excerpt (PDF). PDF.
Kinzelbach, R. & Pohl, H. 1994. The fossil Strepsiptera (Insecta: Strepsiptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 87(1): 59–70. abstract only seen
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.018
Pohl, H. 2002. Phylogeny of the Strepsiptera based on morphological data of the first instar larvae. Zoologica Scripta 31: 123–134. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00078.x
Pohl, H. 2009. The oldest fossil strepsipteran larva (Insecta: Strepsiptera) from the Geisel Valley, Germany (Eocene). Insect Systematics & Evolution 40: 333–347. DOI: 10.1163/139956009X12470378015541 .
Pohl, H. & Beutel, R.G. 2005. The phylogeny of Strepsiptera (Hexapoda). Cladistics 21(4): 328–374. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2005.00074.x . Reference page.
Pohl, H. & Beutel, R.G. 2008. The evolution of Strepsiptera (Hexapoda). Zoology 111(4): 318–338. DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2007.06.008 . Reference page.
Pohl, H. & Beutel, R.G. 2013. The Strepsiptera-Odyssey: the history of the systematic placement of an enigmatic parasitic insect order. Entomologia 1(1): e4. DOI: 10.4081/entomologia.2013.e4 .
Pohl, H. & Beutel, R.G. 2016. †Kinzelbachilla ellenbergeri – a new ancestral species, genus and family of Strepsiptera (Insecta). Systematic Entomology 41: 287–297. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12158 . ResearchGate . Reference page.
Pohl, H., Beutel, R.G. & Kinzelbach, R. 2005. Protoxenidae fam. nov. (Insecta, Strepsiptera) from Baltic amber – a 'missing link' in strepsipteran phylogeny. Zoologica Scripta 34(1): 57–69. DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00173.x . Reference page.
Pohl, H., Wipfler, B., Boudinot, B. & Beutel, R.G. 2020 (Online) 2021 (Print). On the value of Burmese amber for understanding insect evolution: Insights from †Heterobathmilla – an exceptional stem group genus of Strepsiptera (Insecta). Cladistics 37(2): 211–229. DOI: 10.1111/cla.12433 . Reference page.
Straka, J. 2019. Strepsiptera of Canada. Pp 377–382 In Langor, D.W. & Sheffield, C.S. (eds.). The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 520 pp. Reference page. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.819.23851 . Reference page.
Whiting, M.F. 1998. Long-Branch Distraction and the Strepsiptera. Systematic Biology 47(1): 134–138. DOI: 10.1080/106351598261076 .
Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.C., Wheeler, Q.D. & Wheeler, W.C. 1997. The Strepsiptera Problem: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insect Orders Inferred from 18S and 28S Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Morphology. Systematic Biology 46(1): 1–68. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/46.1.1 . DOI: 10.2307/2413635, JSTOR . Reference page.

Links

Kathirithamby, J. 2002. Strepsiptera. Twisted-wing parasites. Version 24 September 2002 (under construction)] in The Tree of Life Web Project. [Online.
Kathirithamby, J. World Strepsiptera Database. Online.

Vernacular names

Alemannisch: Fächerfligler
беларуская: Вееракрылыя
Deutsch: Fächerflügler
English: Twisted-winged Insects
eesti: Lehviktiivalised
suomi: Kierresiipiset
magyar: Legyezőszárnyúak
日本語: ネジレバネ目 (撚翅目)
Nederlands: Waaiervleugelige
norsk: Viftevinger
polski: Wachlarzoskrzydłe
русский: Веерокрылые
Türkçe: Yelpaze kanatlılar
中文: 捻翅目