Euglenoidea

Euglenoidea

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Protozoa
Subregnum: Eozoa
Infraregnum: Euglenozoa
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Subphylum: Plicostoma
Classis: Euglenoidea
Subclasses: Rapazia (Rapazophycidae) – Euglenia (Euglenophycidae)

Name

Euglenoidea Schoenichen in Eyferth, Einfach. Lebensf. Tier- Pfl.-Reich. ed. 5, 1: 198-199 (“Eugleninae”), pro zool. cl.

Alternative botanical spelling: Euglenophyceae

Synonyms or similar groups

• Euglenida Stein, 1878 (sensu stricto); Simpson, 1997 (sensu lato)
• Euglenidae Stein, 1878, emend. Kent, 1880 (not Seidlitz, 1875, Coleoptera)
• Euglenoidina Bütschli, 1884; Blochmann, 1895
• Euglenineae Senn, 1900
• Eugleninae Lemmermann, 1913; Schoenichen, 1925
• "euglenoids" Walton, 1915
• Euglenophyta Pascher, 1931
• Euglenophyceae Shoenichen, 1925 orth. em. Smith, 1933; Rothmaler, 1951
• Euglenales Leedale, 1967
• Euglenoida Cavalier-Smith, 1978, 1993
• Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981, pro parte
• Euglenidea de Puytorac et al., 1987; Fernández-Galiano, 1990
• Euglenia Cavalier-Smith, 1993
• Euglenea Busse & Preisfeld, 2002 (not Heller, 1896, Coleoptera)
• Euglenophycidae Busse & Preisfeld, 2002
• Aphagea Cavalier-Smith, 1993

References

• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1741–1758. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02548-0 Reference page. 
• Cavalier-Smith T. 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 39: 338–348. DOI: 10.1078/0932-4739-00002 Reference page. 
• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2016. Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa. European Journal of Protistology 56: 250–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 . PMID: 27889663 . Reference page. 

Vernacular names

беларуская: Эўгленавыя водарасці
eesti: Eugleniidid
français: Euglénophytes, Euglénoïdes
日本語: ユーグレナ藻
中文: 裸藻綱

Alternative classifications

Lankester (1885, 1891)

• Lankester, E.R. 1885. Protozoa. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ed. 9, 19: 830–866. Google Books Reference page. 

Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, [1].

• Protozoa
  • Grade A. Gymnomyxa
  • Grade B. Corticata
    • Section Stomatophora
      • Class II. Flagellata
        • Order 2. Euglenoidea Bütschli

Rothmaler (1951)

Rothmaler, Werner. (1951). Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen. Feddes Rep Spec Nov Reg Veg 3: 256–266, [2], [3].

• Protobionta
  • Euglenophyta
    • Euglenophyceae

Huber-Pestalozzi (1955)

Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (ed.). Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. Theil 4. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1955. Werke.

[See Algae]

• X. Klasse: Euglenophyceae
  • 1. Reihe: Gefärbte Eugleninen
    • Familie Euglenaceae
    • Familie Euglenocapsaceae (fam. nov.)
  • 2. Reihe: Farblose Eugleninen
    • Familie Cyclidiopsidaceae (fam. nov.)
    • Familie Astasiaceae
    • Familie Peranemaceae
    • Familie Rhychopodaceae
    • Familie Rhizaspidaceae
    • Familie Protaspidaceae

Leedale (1967)

• Leedale, G.F. 1967. Euglenoid Flagellates. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. (Concepts of modern biology series.) Internet Archive PDF Reference page. 

Phylum Euglenophyta [botanical classification]

• Class Euglenophyceae
  • Order Eutreptiales
  • Order Euglenales
  • Order Rhabdomonadales
  • Order Sphenomonadales
  • Order Heteronematales
  • Order Euglenamorphales

Phylum Protozoa

• Division Flagellata
  • Class Euglenida or Euglenineae [zoological classification]
    • Order Euglenida
      • Suborder Eutreptiina
      • Suborder Euglenina
      • Suborder Rhabdomonadina
      • Suborder Sphenomonadina
      • Suborder Heteronematina
      • Suborder Euglenamorphina

Walne & Kivic in Margulis et al. (1990[1989])

Walne, P.L. & Kivic, P.A., 1990[1989]. 15. Phylum Euglenida. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 270-287. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [4].

Kingdom Protoctista

• Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
  • Phylum 15. Euglenida
    • Class Euglenophyceae
      • Order Eutreptiales
      • Order Euglenales
      • Order Rhabdomonadales
      • Order Sphenomonadales
      • Order Heteronematales
      • Order Euglenamorphales

Hausmann et al. (1996)

From Hausmann, K., N. Hülsmann. Protozoology. Thieme Verlag; New York, 1996. [5]

Empire Eukaryota

• Kingdom Mastigota
  • Subkingdom Dimastigota
    • Superphylum Metakaryota
      • Phylum Euglenozoa
        • Subphylum Euglenida
          • Class Euglenoidea
          • Class Hemimastigophorea
        • Subphylum Kinetoplasta
        • Subphylum Pseudociliata

Leedale in Lee et al. (2000)

Leedale, G.F. 2000. Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 1136–1157, [6]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [7].

In “protozoa”, “flagellated protists”,

• Phylum Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981
  • "euglenids" (Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, Order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884)
    • Suborder Eutreptiina Leedale, 1967
      • Genus Distigma Ehrenberg, 1831
      • Genus Distigmopsis Hollande, 1942
      • Genus Eutreptia Perty, 1852
      • Genus Eutreptiella da Cunha, 1913
    • Suborder Euglenina Bütschli, 1884
      • Genus Euglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1830
      • Genus Euglenocapsa Steinecke, 1931
      • Genus Khawkinea Jahn & McKibben, 1937
      • Genus Astasia Dujardin, 1830
      • Genus Cyclidiopsis Korschikov, 1917
      • Genus Trachelomonas Ehrenberg, 1833
      • Genus Strombomonas Deflandre, 1930
      • Genus Ascoglena Stein, 1878
      • Genus Klebsina Silva, 1961 [= Genus Klebsiella Pascher, 1931]
      • Genus Colacium Ehrenberg, [1834]
      • Genus Phacus Dujardin, 1841
      • Genus Hyalophacus Pringsheim, 1936
      • Genus Lepocinclis Perty, 1849
      • Genus Cryptoglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1831[1832]
    • Suborder Rhabdomonadina Leedale, 1967
      • Genus Rhabdomonas Fresenius, 1858
      • Genus Rhabdospira Pringsheim, 1963
      • Genus Menoidium Perty, 1852
      • Genus Gyropaigne Skuja, 1939
      • Genus Parmidium Christen, 1963
    • Suborder Sphenomonadina Leedale, 1967
      • Genus Sphenomonas Stein, 1878
      • Genus Atraktomonas Christen, 1962
      • Genus Calkinsia Lackey, 1960
      • Genus Anisonema Dujardin, 1841
      • Genus Metanema (Klebs, 1892) Senn, in Engler & Prantl, 1900
      • Genus Calycimonas Christen, 1959
      • Genus Petalomonas Stein, 1859
      • Genus Dylakosoma Skuja, 1964
      • Genus Scytomonas Stein, 1878
      • Genus Dolium Larsen & Patterson, 1990
      • Genus Notosolenus Stokes, 1884
      • Genus Tropidoscyphus Stein, 1878
    • Suborder Heteronematina Leedale, 1967
      • Genus Heteronema Dujardin, 1841
      • Genus Peranema F. Dujardin, 1841
      • Genus Urceolus Mereschkowski, 1877
      • Genus Entosiphon Stein, 1878
      • Genus Ploeotia Dujardin, 1841
    • Suborder Euglenamorphina Leedale, 1967
      • Genus Euglenamorpha Wenrich, 1924
      • Genus Hegneria Brumpt & Lavier, 1924
    • Incertae sedis
      • ?Genus Conradnema
      • ?Genus Dinema Perty, 1852
      • ?Genus Dinemula Michajlow, 1965
      • ?Genus Naupliicola Michajlow, 1965
      • ?Genus Ovicola Michajlow, 1965
      • ?Genus Embryocola
      • ?Genus Mesastasia Palienko & Monchenko, 1979
      • ?Genus Mononema Michajlow, 1967
      • ?Genus Paradinemula Monchenko, 1967
      • ?Genus Paradistigma Wita, 1974
      • ?Genus Paradistigmoides Michajlow & Wita, 1976
      • ?Genus Parastasia
      • ?Genus Parastasiella

Marin et al. (2003)

Marin, B., Palm, A., Klingberg, M., Melkonian, M. (2003): Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing Euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure. Protist 154, 99-145, [8].

Euglenozoa

• kinetoplastids
• diplonemids
  • Diplonema
• euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
  • Distigma-clade
  • Peranema
  • euglenophytes (Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925 in Eyferth and Schoenichen 1925 emend. Marin et Melkonian)
    • Order Eutreptiales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian
    • Order Euglenales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S. M. et al. (2012). The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59 (5): 429–514, [9].

Eukaryota

• Excavata Cavalier-Smith 2002, emend. Simpson 2003
  • Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al. 2009 (R)
    • Discicristata Cavalier-Smith 1998
      • Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981, emend. Simpson 1997
        • Euglenida Bütschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997
          • Heteronematina Leedale 1967 (P)
            • Anisonema, Dinema, Entosiphon, Heteronema, Lentomonas, Metanema, Notosolenus, Peranema, Petalomonas, Ploeotia
            • [Alternative classification of Heteronematina:
              • Ploeotiida (Ploeotia, Entosiphon, Lentomonas, ?Keelungia)
              • Petalomonadida (Petalomonas, Notosolenus, Calycimonas, ?Sphenomonas)]
          • Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003 (= Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002)
            • Rapaza Yamaguchi et al. 2012 (M)
            • Eutreptiales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003
              • Eutreptia, Eutreptiella
            • Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002 [emend. Adl et al. 2012?] (= Euglenales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003)
              • Phacaceae Kim et al. 2010
                • Discoplastis, Lepocinclis, Phacus
              • Euglenaceae Dujardin 1841, emend. Kim et al. 2010
                • Ascoglena, Colacium, Cryptoglena, Cyclidiopsis, Euglena, Euglenaria, Euglenopsis, Monomorphina, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas
          • Aphagea Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002
            • Astasia sensu stricto, Distigma, Distigmopsis, Menoidium, Rhabdomonas

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [10].

• Superkingdom Eukaryota
  • Kingdom Protozoa
    • Subkingdom Eozoa
      • Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
        • Phylum Euglenozoa
          • Subphylum N.N.
            • Class Diplonemea
              • Order Diplonemida
            • Class Kinetoplastea
              • Order Bodonida
              • Order Prokinetoplastida
              • Order Trypanosomatida
          • Subphylum Euglenoida
            • Class N.N.
              • Order Petalomonadida
              • Order Ploeotiida
            • Class Euglenophyceae
              • Order Euglenida
              • Order Eutreptiida
            • Class Peranemea
              • Order Heteronemida
              • Order Peranemida
              • Order Rhabdomonadida
          • Subphylum Symbiontida
            • Class Postgaardea
              • Order Postgaardida

Cavalier-Smith (2016)

• Cavalier-Smith, T. 2016. Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa. European Journal of Protistology 56: 250–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 . PMID: 27889663 . Reference page. 

Phylum Euglenozoa

• Subphylum Euglenoida ["euglenoids"; Euglenoidea, if treated as a class; not Euglenida, as in Adl et al., 2012]
  • Infraphylum Entosiphona
  • Infraphylum Dipilida
    • Superclass Rigimonada
    • Superclass Spirocuta
      • Class Peranemea
      • Class Euglenophyceae
        • Subclass Rapazia
        • Subclass Euglenophycidae [not Euglenea, as in Busse & Preisfeld, 2002]
          • Order Eutreptiida (=Eutreptiales)
          • Order Euglenida ["euglenids"]
            • Family Euglenidae [not Euglenea, as in Adl et al., 2012]
            • Family Phacidae (=Phacaceae)
            • Family Euglenamorphidae
• Subphylum Postgaardia
• Subphylum Glycomonada

Leander et al. (2017)

Leander, B.S., Lax, G., Karnkowska, A., Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). Euglenida. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-42. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_13-1

• Euglenida [“euglenids", or "euglenoids"]
  • Petalomonadida (e.g., Petalomonas, Notosolenus, Scytomonas, Sphenomonas)
  • “Ploeotiids”(*) (e.g., Ploeotia, Entosiphon, Keelungia)
  • Symbiontida (Bihospites, Calkinsia, and Postgaardi)
  • Spirocuta (formerly “H clade” or “HP clade”)
    • Aphagea (e.g., Rhabdomonas, Menoidium, Distigma, Astasia)
    • Neometanema
    • “Anisonemids” (Anisonema, Dinema)
    • “Peranemids”(*) (e.g., Peranema, Jenningsia, Heteronema, Urceolus)
    • Euglenophyceae
      • Rapaza
      • Eutreptiales (e.g., Eutreptia, Eutreptiella)
      • Euglenales (= Euglenea)
        • Phacaceae (Lepocinclis, Phacus, and Discoplastis)
        • Euglenaceae (e.g., Euglena, Colacium, and Trachelomonas)

[(*) paraphyletic assemblages.]