Euglenoidea

Taxonavigation

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Protozoa
Subregnum: Eozoa
Infraregnum: Euglenozoa
Phylum: Euglenozoa
Subphylum: Plicostoma
Classis: Euglenoidea
Subclasses: Rapazia (Rapazophycidae) – Euglenia (Euglenophycidae)

Name

Euglenoidea Schoenichen in Eyferth, Einfach. Lebensf. Tier- Pfl.-Reich. ed. 5, 1: 198-199 (“Eugleninae”), pro zool. cl.

Alternative botanical spelling: Euglenophyceae

Synonyms or similar groups

Euglenida Stein, 1878 (sensu stricto); Simpson, 1997 (sensu lato)
Euglenidae Stein, 1878, emend. Kent, 1880 (not Seidlitz, 1875, Coleoptera)
Euglenoidina Bütschli, 1884; Blochmann, 1895
Euglenineae Senn, 1900
Eugleninae Lemmermann, 1913; Schoenichen, 1925
"euglenoids" Walton, 1915
Euglenophyta Pascher, 1931
Euglenophyceae Shoenichen, 1925 orth. em. Smith, 1933; Rothmaler, 1951
Euglenales Leedale, 1967
Euglenoida Cavalier-Smith, 1978, 1993
Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981, pro parte
Euglenidea de Puytorac et al., 1987; Fernández-Galiano, 1990
Euglenia Cavalier-Smith, 1993
Euglenea Busse & Preisfeld, 2002 (not Heller, 1896, Coleoptera)
Euglenophycidae Busse & Preisfeld, 2002
Aphagea Cavalier-Smith, 1993

References

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2003. The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53: 1741–1758. DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02548-0 Reference page.
Cavalier-Smith T. 2003. Protist phylogeny and the high-level classification of Protozoa. European Journal of Protistology 39: 338–348. DOI: 10.1078/0932-4739-00002 Reference page.
Cavalier-Smith, T. 2016. Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa. European Journal of Protistology 56: 250–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 . PMID: 27889663 . Reference page.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Эўгленавыя водарасці
eesti: Eugleniidid
français: Euglénophytes, Euglénoïdes
日本語: ユーグレナ藻
中文: 裸藻綱

Alternative classifications

Lankester (1885, 1891)

Lankester, E.R. 1885. Protozoa. In: Encyclopaedia Britannica. Ed. 9, 19: 830–866. Google Books Reference page.

Lankester, E. R. (1891). Article "Protozoa". In: Zoological Articles Contributed to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, [1].

Protozoa
- Grade A. Gymnomyxa
- Grade B. Corticata
  - Section Stomatophora
    - Class II. Flagellata
      - Order 2. Euglenoidea Bütschli

Rothmaler (1951)

Rothmaler, Werner. (1951). Die Abteilungen und Klassen der Pflanzen. Feddes Rep Spec Nov Reg Veg 3: 256–266, [2], [3].

Protobionta
- Euglenophyta
  - Euglenophyceae

Huber-Pestalozzi (1955)

Huber-Pestalozzi, G. (ed.). Das Phytoplankton des Süßwassers. Theil 4. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1955. Werke.

[See Algae]

X. Klasse: Euglenophyceae
- 1. Reihe: Gefärbte Eugleninen
  - Familie Euglenaceae
  - Familie Euglenocapsaceae (fam. nov.)
- 2. Reihe: Farblose Eugleninen
  - Familie Cyclidiopsidaceae (fam. nov.)
  - Familie Astasiaceae
  - Familie Peranemaceae
  - Familie Rhychopodaceae
  - Familie Rhizaspidaceae
  - Familie Protaspidaceae

Leedale (1967)

Leedale, G.F. 1967. Euglenoid Flagellates. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall. (Concepts of modern biology series.) Internet Archive PDF Reference page.

Phylum Euglenophyta [botanical classification]

Class Euglenophyceae
- Order Eutreptiales
- Order Euglenales
- Order Rhabdomonadales
- Order Sphenomonadales
- Order Heteronematales
- Order Euglenamorphales

Phylum Protozoa

Division Flagellata
- Class Euglenida or Euglenineae [zoological classification]
  - Order Euglenida
    - Suborder Eutreptiina
    - Suborder Euglenina
    - Suborder Rhabdomonadina
    - Suborder Sphenomonadina
    - Suborder Heteronematina
    - Suborder Euglenamorphina

Walne & Kivic in Margulis et al. (1990[1989])

Walne, P.L. & Kivic, P.A., 1990[1989]. 15. Phylum Euglenida. In: Margulis, L., J.O. Corliss, M. Melkonian, D.J. Chapman (ed.). Handbook of Protoctista. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, p. 270-287. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [4].

Kingdom Protoctista

Section III: Phyla with flagellated stages, but without complex sexual cycles
- Phylum 15. Euglenida
  - Class Euglenophyceae
    - Order Eutreptiales
    - Order Euglenales
    - Order Rhabdomonadales
    - Order Sphenomonadales
    - Order Heteronematales
    - Order Euglenamorphales

Hausmann et al. (1996)

From Hausmann, K., N. Hülsmann. Protozoology. Thieme Verlag; New York, 1996. [5]

Empire Eukaryota

Kingdom Mastigota
- Subkingdom Dimastigota
  - Superphylum Metakaryota
    - Phylum Euglenozoa
      - Subphylum Euglenida
        Class Euglenoidea
        
        Class Hemimastigophorea
      - Subphylum Kinetoplasta
      - Subphylum Pseudociliata

Leedale in Lee et al. (2000)

Leedale, G.F. 2000. Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884. In: Lee, J.J., Leedale, G.F. & Bradbury, P. An Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Society of Protozoologists/Allen Press: Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A, 2nd ed., vol. 2, p. 1136–1157, [6]. See Brands, S.J. (1989-2015), [7].

In “protozoa”, “flagellated protists”,

Phylum Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- "euglenids" (Class Euglenoidea Bütschli, 1884, Order Euglenida Bütschli, 1884)
  - Suborder Eutreptiina Leedale, 1967
    - Genus Distigma Ehrenberg, 1831
    - Genus Distigmopsis Hollande, 1942
    - Genus Eutreptia Perty, 1852
    - Genus Eutreptiella da Cunha, 1913
  - Suborder Euglenina Bütschli, 1884
    - Genus Euglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1830
    - Genus Euglenocapsa Steinecke, 1931
    - Genus Khawkinea Jahn & McKibben, 1937
    - Genus Astasia Dujardin, 1830
    - Genus Cyclidiopsis Korschikov, 1917
    - Genus Trachelomonas Ehrenberg, 1833
    - Genus Strombomonas Deflandre, 1930
    - Genus Ascoglena Stein, 1878
    - Genus Klebsina Silva, 1961 [= Genus Klebsiella Pascher, 1931]
    - Genus Colacium Ehrenberg, [1834]
    - Genus Phacus Dujardin, 1841
    - Genus Hyalophacus Pringsheim, 1936
    - Genus Lepocinclis Perty, 1849
    - Genus Cryptoglena C.G. Ehrenberg, 1831[1832]
  - Suborder Rhabdomonadina Leedale, 1967
    - Genus Rhabdomonas Fresenius, 1858
    - Genus Rhabdospira Pringsheim, 1963
    - Genus Menoidium Perty, 1852
    - Genus Gyropaigne Skuja, 1939
    - Genus Parmidium Christen, 1963
  - Suborder Sphenomonadina Leedale, 1967
    - Genus Sphenomonas Stein, 1878
    - Genus Atraktomonas Christen, 1962
    - Genus Calkinsia Lackey, 1960
    - Genus Anisonema Dujardin, 1841
    - Genus Metanema (Klebs, 1892) Senn, in Engler & Prantl, 1900
    - Genus Calycimonas Christen, 1959
    - Genus Petalomonas Stein, 1859
    - Genus Dylakosoma Skuja, 1964
    - Genus Scytomonas Stein, 1878
    - Genus Dolium Larsen & Patterson, 1990
    - Genus Notosolenus Stokes, 1884
    - Genus Tropidoscyphus Stein, 1878
  - Suborder Heteronematina Leedale, 1967
    - Genus Heteronema Dujardin, 1841
    - Genus Peranema F. Dujardin, 1841
    - Genus Urceolus Mereschkowski, 1877
    - Genus Entosiphon Stein, 1878
    - Genus Ploeotia Dujardin, 1841
  - Suborder Euglenamorphina Leedale, 1967
    - Genus Euglenamorpha Wenrich, 1924
    - Genus Hegneria Brumpt & Lavier, 1924
  - Incertae sedis
    - ?Genus Conradnema
    - ?Genus Dinema Perty, 1852
    - ?Genus Dinemula Michajlow, 1965
    - ?Genus Naupliicola Michajlow, 1965
    - ?Genus Ovicola Michajlow, 1965
    - ?Genus Embryocola
    - ?Genus Mesastasia Palienko & Monchenko, 1979
    - ?Genus Mononema Michajlow, 1967
    - ?Genus Paradinemula Monchenko, 1967
    - ?Genus Paradistigma Wita, 1974
    - ?Genus Paradistigmoides Michajlow & Wita, 1976
    - ?Genus Parastasia
    - ?Genus Parastasiella

Marin et al. (2003)

Marin, B., Palm, A., Klingberg, M., Melkonian, M. (2003): Phylogeny and taxonomic revision of plastid-containing Euglenophytes based on SSU rDNA sequence comparisons and synapomorphic signatures in the SSU rRNA secondary structure. Protist 154, 99-145, [8].

Euglenozoa

kinetoplastids
diplonemids
- Diplonema
euglenoids (Euglenophyta)
- Distigma-clade
- Peranema
- euglenophytes (Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925 in Eyferth and Schoenichen 1925 emend. Marin et Melkonian)
  - Order Eutreptiales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian
  - Order Euglenales Leedale 1967 emend. Marin et Melkonian

Adl et al. (2012)

Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page.

Eukaryota

Excavata Cavalier-Smith 2002, emend. Simpson 2003
- Discoba Simpson in Hampl et al. 2009 (R)
  - Discicristata Cavalier-Smith 1998
    - Euglenozoa Cavalier-Smith 1981, emend. Simpson 1997
      - Euglenida Bütschli 1884, emend. Simpson 1997
        Heteronematina Leedale 1967 (P)
        Anisonema, Dinema, Entosiphon, Heteronema, Lentomonas, Metanema, Notosolenus, Peranema, Petalomonas, Ploeotia
        
        [Alternative classification of Heteronematina:
        Ploeotiida (Ploeotia, Entosiphon, Lentomonas, ?Keelungia)
        
        Petalomonadida (Petalomonas, Notosolenus, Calycimonas, ?Sphenomonas)]
        
        Euglenophyceae Schoenichen 1925, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003 (= Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002)
        Rapaza Yamaguchi et al. 2012 (M)
        
        Eutreptiales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003
        Eutreptia, Eutreptiella
        
        Euglenea Bütschli 1884, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002 [emend. Adl et al. 2012?] (= Euglenales Leedale 1967, emend. Marin & Melkonian 2003)
        Phacaceae Kim et al. 2010
        Discoplastis, Lepocinclis, Phacus
        
        Euglenaceae Dujardin 1841, emend. Kim et al. 2010
        Ascoglena, Colacium, Cryptoglena, Cyclidiopsis, Euglena, Euglenaria, Euglenopsis, Monomorphina, Strombomonas, Trachelomonas
        
        Aphagea Cavalier-Smith 1993, emend. Busse & Preisfeld 2002
        Astasia sensu stricto, Distigma, Distigmopsis, Menoidium, Rhabdomonas

[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]

Ruggiero et al. (2015)

Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [9].

Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Protozoa
  - Subkingdom Eozoa
    - Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
      - Phylum Euglenozoa
        Subphylum N.N.
        Class Diplonemea
        Order Diplonemida
        
        Class Kinetoplastea
        Order Bodonida
        
        Order Prokinetoplastida
        
        Order Trypanosomatida
        
        Subphylum Euglenoida
        Class N.N.
        Order Petalomonadida
        
        Order Ploeotiida
        
        Class Euglenophyceae
        Order Euglenida
        
        Order Eutreptiida
        
        Class Peranemea
        Order Heteronemida
        
        Order Peranemida
        
        Order Rhabdomonadida
        
        Subphylum Symbiontida
        Class Postgaardea
        Order Postgaardida

Cavalier-Smith (2016)

Cavalier-Smith, T. 2016. Higher classification and phylogeny of Euglenozoa. European Journal of Protistology 56: 250–276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.09.003 . PMID: 27889663 . Reference page.

Phylum Euglenozoa

Subphylum Euglenoida ["euglenoids"; Euglenoidea, if treated as a class; not Euglenida, as in Adl et al., 2012]
- Infraphylum Entosiphona
- Infraphylum Dipilida
  - Superclass Rigimonada
  - Superclass Spirocuta
    - Class Peranemea
    - Class Euglenophyceae
      - Subclass Rapazia
      - Subclass Euglenophycidae [not Euglenea, as in Busse & Preisfeld, 2002]
        Order Eutreptiida (=Eutreptiales)
        
        Order Euglenida ["euglenids"]
        Family Euglenidae [not Euglenea, as in Adl et al., 2012]
        
        Family Phacidae (=Phacaceae)
        
        Family Euglenamorphidae
Subphylum Postgaardia
Subphylum Glycomonada

Leander et al. (2017)

Leander, B.S., Lax, G., Karnkowska, A., Simpson, A.G.B. (2017). Euglenida. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-42. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_13-1

Euglenida [“euglenids", or "euglenoids"]
- Petalomonadida (e.g., Petalomonas, Notosolenus, Scytomonas, Sphenomonas)
- “Ploeotiids”(*) (e.g., Ploeotia, Entosiphon, Keelungia)
- Symbiontida (Bihospites, Calkinsia, and Postgaardi)
- Spirocuta (formerly “H clade” or “HP clade”)
  - Aphagea (e.g., Rhabdomonas, Menoidium, Distigma, Astasia)
  - Neometanema
  - “Anisonemids” (Anisonema, Dinema)
  - “Peranemids”(*) (e.g., Peranema, Jenningsia, Heteronema, Urceolus)
  - Euglenophyceae
    - Rapaza
    - Eutreptiales (e.g., Eutreptia, Eutreptiella)
    - Euglenales (= Euglenea)
      - Phacaceae (Lepocinclis, Phacus, and Discoplastis)
      - Euglenaceae (e.g., Euglena, Colacium, and Trachelomonas)

[(*) paraphyletic assemblages.]