Phocides

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Papilionoidea
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Cladus: Protostomia Cladus: Ecdysozoa Cladus: Panarthropoda Phylum: Arthropoda Cladus: Pancrustacea Cladus: Allotriocarida Subphylum: Hexapoda Classis: Insecta Cladus: Dicondylia Subclassis: Pterygota Infraclassis: Neoptera Cladus: Eumetabola Cladus: Holometabola Superordo: Panorpida Cladus: Amphiesmenoptera Ordo: Lepidoptera Subordo: Glossata Cladus: Coelolepida Cladus: Myoglossata Cladus: Neolepidoptera Infraordo: Heteroneura Cladus: Eulepidoptera Cladus: Ditrysia Cladus: Apoditrysia Cladus: Obtectomera Superfamilia: Papilionoidea

Familia: Hesperiidae
Subfamilia: Eudaminae
Tribus: Phocidini
Genus: Phocides
Species (20): P. batabano – P. belus – P. bicolora – P. charon – P. distans – P. johnsoni – P. lincea – P. metrodorus – P. novalis – P. oreides – P. padrona – P. partia – P. perillus – P. petroleum – P. pialia – P. pigmalion – P. polybius – P. thermus – P. urania – P. vida – P. vulcanides – P. yokhara

Name

Phocides Hübner, [1819].

Type species: Phocides cruentus Hübner, [1819]; by selection by Scudder, 1875: 248.

Synonymy

per Lamas, 2004ː 37.
★Phocides Hübner, [1819]ː 103; Evans, [1952]ː 7; Hemming, 1967ː 359; Bridges, 1994ː IX.49.
★Erycides Hübner, [1819]ː 110. =Ericides Westwood, 1852ː Pl.78; =Eurycides Burmeister, 1880; =Erycina Rocha, 1954; =Euride Silva, 1867; mis-spellings.
★Dysenius Scudder, 1872ː 67.
★Phocydes Plötz, 1881. Mis-spelling.

References

Bell, E.L. 1932. Studies in the Genus Phocides with Descriptions of New Species (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 58(2)ː 169–200. Reference page.
Bell, E.L. 1938. A new genus and five new species of Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). American Museum novitates 1013: 1–11. PDF. Reference page.
Bell, E.L. 1947. A New Genus and some New Species and Subspecies of Neotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). American Museum novitates 1354: 1–12. PDF. Reference page.
Bridges, C.A. 1994. Catalogue of the Family-Group, Genus-Group and Species-Group Names of the Hesperioidea (Lepidoptera) of the World. Bridges, Urbana, Illinois. BHL Reference page.
Evans, W.H. 1951–55. A Catalogue of the American Hesperiidae in the British Museum. Pt.1 (1951): x+92pp, pls.1–9; Pt.2 (1952): v.+178pp, pls.10–25; Pt.3 (1953): v+246pp, pls.26–53; Pt.4 (1955): v+499pp, pls. 54–88. Reference page.
Hemming, A.F. 1967. The generic names of the butterflies and their type species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 1967, Suppl. 9: 1–509. Reference page.
Hübner, J. 1819. Verzeichniß bekannter Schmettlinge 2–11: 17–176. BHL Reference page.
Lamas, G. 2004. (ed.) Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In Heppner, J.B. (ed.) Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Vol.5A, Pt.4A. Assn. for Tropical Lepidoptera/Scientific Publishers, Gainesville. 439pp. Reference page.
Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page.
Mielke, O.H.H., (1991). Notas sinonímicas sobre Hesperiidae Neotropicais, com descrições de novos géneros, espécies e subespécies (Lepidoptera). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 7(4): 503–524. Reference page.
Scudder, S.H. 1875. Historical sketch of the generic names proposed for butterflies. Proc. Amer. Soc. Arts Sci. Boston 10: 91–293.Reference page.
Westwood, J.O. [1851]. In Doubleday, E. & Westwood, J. O., 1850–1852: The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera Vol.2. pp.251–534, pls.31–80 + suppl.pl. London. text, plates. Reference page.
Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2022. Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Insecta Mundi 0921: 1–135. PDF. Reference page.