Equus caballus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Equoidea
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Synapsida Cladus: Eupelycosauria Cladus: Sphenacodontia Cladus: Sphenacodontoidea Cladus: Therapsida Cladus: Theriodontia Cladus: Cynodontia Cladus: Eucynodontia Cladus: Probainognathia Cladus: Prozostrodontia Cladus: Mammaliaformes Classis: Mammalia Cladus: Theriimorpha Cladus: Theriiformes Cladus: Trechnotheria Cladus: Zatheria Subclassis: Theria Cladus: Eutheria Infraclassis: Placentalia Magnordo: Boreoeutheria Superordo: Laurasiatheria Cladus: Scrotifera Grandordo: Ferungulata Mirordo: Euungulata Ordo: Perissodactyla Superfamilia: Equoidea

Familia: Equidae
Subfamilia: Equinae
Tribus: Equini
Genus: Equus
Species: Equus caballus

Name

Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758

Type locality: "Habitat in Europa" (= Sweden?); based on domestic horses.
Original combination: Equus Caballus Linnaeus, 1758

Alternative treatments

Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758 [if treated as subspecies of ferus, which name should have priority over the domestic form at species level per ICZN Opinion 2027; conversely, MSW 3 treated ferus as a subspecies of caballus, but see below]. Note, as at May 2023, the term Equus ferus caballus is still used in the scientific literature for the domestic horse (example: 3,120 hits on Google Scholar, date range 2010-2023), but less frequently than Equus caballus over the same period ("about 18,000 results").
Equus caballus caballus Linnaeus, 1758: Wilson & Reeder, Mammal Species of the World (3rd edition), 1995 - online version at https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14100016 [incorrect]. This treatment is equivalent to the above, i.e. domestic horse treated as a subspecies of a larger taxon covering both domestic and wild horses, except in MSW 3's view the correct specific name for the larger taxon was caballus, not ferus. In this view, the larger taxon is caballus and its included subspecies are then caballus (nominate subspecies), ferus (as E. c. ferus) and przewalskii (as E. c. przewalskii). However, the selection of caballus for the name of the larger, more inclusive taxon was later recognised to have been an error made at the time by the author of that section based on a mis-interpretation of ICZN Opinion 2027, but one that could not subsequently be corrected in the print version, for full details refer Groves & Grubb, 2011, p. 8.

Note that more recent authorities tend to treat both caballus and ferus as separate species, while generally (but not exclusively) retaining przewalskii at subspecies level, i.e. of ferus as per the Mammal Diversity Database; for an alternative view regarding the ranking of the latter taxon, refer Groves & Grubb, 2011.

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio Decima, Reformata. Tomus I. Holmiæ (Stockholm): impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. 824 pp. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542 BHL p. 73 BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Groves, C.; Grubb, P. (2011). Ungulate Taxonomy. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4214-0093-8.
ICZN 2003. OPINION 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 60(1): 81–85. BHL Reference page.

Links

Equus caballus in Mammal Species of the World.
Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn M. (Editors) 2005. Mammal Species of the World – A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Third edition. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4. [as caballus caballus within an enlarged caballus [error for ferus], the latter also including ferus and przewalskii as other subspecies - not followed here]
Equus caballus – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Equus caballus in ASM Mammal Diversity Database.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Perd
ak: Pɔnkɔ
aragonés: Caballo
العربية: حصان
asturianu: Caballu
অসমীয়া: ঘোঁৰা
Aymar aru: Kawallu
Basa Bali: Jaran
беларуская: Конь
български: Кон
বাংলা: ঘোড়া
bosanski: Konj
català: Cavall
čeština: Kůň
Cymraeg: Ceffyl
dansk: Hest
Deutsch: Pferd
eʋegbe: Esɔ
Ελληνικά: Άλογο
English: Horse
Esperanto: Ĉevalo
español: Caballo
فارسی: اسب
suomi: Hevonen
Nordfriisk: Hingst
français: Cheval
Frysk: Hynder
galego: Cabalo
עברית: סוס הבית
hrvatski: Domaći konj
magyar: Ló
հայերեն: Պրժևալսկու ձի
Bahasa Indonesia: Kuda
íslenska: Hestur
italiano: Cavallo
日本語: ウマ
한국어: 말
ລາວ: ມ້າ
Mirandés: Cabalho
Nāhuatl: Cahuāyoh
Nederlands: Paard
norsk nynorsk: Hest
norsk: Hest
Diné bizaad: Łį́į́ʼ
ଓଡ଼ିଆ: ଘୋଡ଼ା
polski: Koń domowy
português: Cavalo
română: Cal
русский: Лошадь домашняя
slovenčina: Kôň
slovenščina: Konj
svenska: Häst
தமிழ்: குதிரை
ไทย: ม้า
Tagalog: Kabayo
Türkçe: At
татарча / tatarça: Ат
українська: Свійський кінь
vèneto: Caval
Volapük: Jevod
中文: 馬

For more multimedia, look at Equus caballus on Wikimedia Commons.