Thamnophis atratus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Colubroidea
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Classis: Reptilia Cladus: Eureptilia Cladus: Romeriida Subclassis: Diapsida Cladus: Sauria Infraclassis: Lepidosauromorpha Superordo: Lepidosauria Ordo: Squamata Cladus: Unidentata, Episquamata Cladus: Toxicofera Subordo: Serpentes Infraordo: Caenophidia Superfamilia: Colubroidea

Thamnophis atratus (Kennicott in Cooper, 1860)

Lectotype: USNM 970A, adult ♂, collected by Richar D. Cutts [Pacific Railroad Expedition] in 1854. [designated by Fitch (1940: 89)]
Type locality: “California”, restricted to “San Francisco, California” by Fitch (1940: 89), corrected to “the Santa Cruz Mountains or southern San Francisco Peninsula” by Boundy (1999: 330).

Eutaenia atratus Kennicott in Cooper, 1860: 296 [original combination]
Thamnophis ordinoides atratus — Van Denburgh & Slevin, 1918: 224 [subsequent combination, reduce to subspecies]
Thamnophis elegans atratus — Fox, 1948: 120 [subsequent combination, as subspecies]
Thamnophis couchii atratus — Fox & Dessauer, 1964: 266 [subsequent combination, as subspecies]
Thamnophis atratus — Rossman & Stewart, 1987: 19 [subsequent combination, restaure to species]

Cooper, J.G. 1860. Zoological report. No. 4. Report upon the reptiles collected on the survey. pp. 292–306, pls. 12–16, 19–22, 29, 31 in Stevens, I.I. (Ed.). Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean, made under the direction of the Secretary of War, in 1853-5. Route near the forty-seventh and forty-ninth parallels. Volume 12, Book 2.
Van Denburgh, J. & Slevin, J.R. 1918. The garter-snakes of western North America. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences Ser. 4, 8(6): 181–270. BHL
Fitch, H.S. 1940. A Biogeographical Study of the Ordinoides Artenkreis of Garter Snakes (genus Thamnophis). University of California Publications in Zoology 44: 1–150. Reference page.
Fox, W. 1948. The relationships of the garter snake Thamnophis ordinoides. Copeia 1948(2): 113–120. DOI: 10.2307/1438415 JSTOR
Fox, W. & Dessauer, H.C. 1964. Collection of garter snakes for blood studies. Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society 1964: 263–266.
Rossman, D.A. & Stewart, G.R. 1987. Taxonomic reevaluation of Thamnophis couchii (Serpentes, Colubridae). Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, Louisiana State University 63: 1–25. PDF Reference page.
Boundy, J. 1999. Systematics of the garter snake Thamnophis atratus at the southern end of its range. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series 51(6): 311–336. BHL

Uetz, P. & Hallermann, J. 2024. Thamnophis atratus. The Reptile Database. Accessed on 6 May 2018.
Hammerson, G.A. 2007. IUCN: Thamnophis atratus (Least Concern). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T63970A12732165. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T63970A12732165.en

English: Pacific Coast Aquatic Garter Snake