Ixodidae

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Ixodoidea
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Cladus: Protostomia Cladus: Ecdysozoa Cladus: Panarthropoda Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Classis: Arachnida Subclassis: Acari Superordo: Parasitiformes Ordo: Ixodida Superfamilia: Ixodoidea

Familia: Ixodidae
Subfamiliae (5): Amblyomminae – Bothriocrotoninae – Haemaphysalinae – Ixodinae – Rhipicephalinae

Genera incertae sedis: †Compluriscutula

Overview of genera

Alloceraea – Amblyomma – Anomalohimalaya – Archaeocroton – Bothriocroton – Cosmiomma – Dermacentor – Haemaphysalis – Hyalomma – Ixodes – Margaropus – Nosomma – Rhipicentor – Rhipicephalus – Robertsicus – Sharifiella – †Cornupalpatum – †Compluriscutula

Name

Ixodidae Koch, 1834: 14 [As family Ixodés]

References

Dugès, A. 1834. Recherches sur l’ordre des Acariens en général et la famille des Trombidiés en particulier (Premier mémoire). Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie (série 2) 1: 5–46. BHL Reference page. [p. 14]

Additional references

Apanaskevich, D.A., Greiman, S.E., Goodman, S.M., Apanaskevich, M.A., Ahmed, R. & Barker, S.C. 2025. Validation of Sharifiella Santos Dias, 1958 (Acari: Ixodidae) as a genus of hard ticks containing S. theilerae (Hoogstraal, 1953), a parasite of tail-less tenrec, Tenrec ecaudatus (Schreber) (Afrosoricida: Tenrecidae) on Madagascar. Zootaxa 5627(3): 503–525. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5627.3.5 Reference page.
Barker, S.C. & Burger, T.D. 2018. Two new genera of hard ticks, Robertsicus n. gen. and Archaeocroton n. gen., and the solution to the mystery of Hoogstraal’s and Kaufman’s “primitive” tick from the Carpathian Mountains. Zootaxa 4500(4): 543–552. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.4.4 ResearchGate Reference page.
Beaulieu, F., Dowling, A.P.G., Klompen, H., de Moraes, G.J. & Walter, D.E. 2011. Superorder Parasitiformes Reuter, 1909. Pp 123–128 In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) 2011. Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148: 1–237. Open access. Reference page. PDF. Reference page.
Estrada-Peña, A. & Jongejan, J. 1999. Ticks Feeding on Humans: A Review of Records on Human-Biting Ixodoidea with Special Reference to Pathogen Transmission. Experimental & Applied Acarology 23(9): 685–715. DOI: 10.1023/a:1006241108739 Reference page.
Evans, M.L., Egan, S., Irwin, P.J. & Oskam, C.L. 2019. Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery reveals large COI intraspecific divergence in Australian Ixodidae. Zootaxa 4656(2): 393–396. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.13 Reference page.
Guglielmone, A.A. & Nava, S. 2014. Names for Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): valid, synonyms, incertae sedis, nomina dubia, nomina nuda, lapsus, incorrect and suppressed names — with notes on confusions and misidentifications. Zootaxa 3767(1): 1–256. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3767.1.1 PDF Reference page.
Guglielmone, A.A., Petney, T.N., Mastropaolo, M. & Robbins, R.G. 2017. Genera, subgenera, species and subspecies of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) described, named, renamed or given new rank by Paul Schulze (1887–1949) and their current status. Zootaxa 4325(1): 1–66. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4325.1.1 Reference page.
Guglielmone, A.A., Petney, T.N. & Robbins, R.G. 2020. Ixodidae (Acari: Ixodoidea): descriptions and redescriptions of all known species from 1758 to December 31, 2019. Zootaxa 4871(1): 1–322. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4871.1.1 Reference page.
Guglielmone, A.A., Robbins, R.G., Apanaskevich, D.A., Petney, T.N., Estrada-Peña, A., Horak, I.G., Shao, R. & Barker, S.C. 2010. The Argasidae, Ixodidae and Nuttalliellidae (Acari: Ixodida) of the world: a list of valid species names. Zootaxa 2528: 1–28. Preview DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2528.1.1 ResearchGate . Reference page.
Heath, A.C.G., Palma, R.L., Cane, R.P. & Hardwick, S. 2015. ALLEN C.G. HEATH, RICARDO L. PALMA, RACHEL P. CANE & SCOTT HARDWICK (2011) CHECKLIST OF NEW ZEALAND TICKS (ACARI: IXODIDAE, ARGASIDAE). Zootaxa, 2995: 55–63. (ERRATUM) Zootaxa 4021(4): 600–600. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.4.11. Full article (PDF) Reference page.
Kelava, S., Apanaskevich, D.A., Shao, R., Gofton, A.W., Mans, B.J., Teo, E.J.M., Norval, G., Nakao, R. & Barker, S.C. 2024. Insights from entire mitochondrial genome sequences into the phylogeny of ticks of the genera Haemaphysalis and Archaeocroton with the elevation of the subgenus Alloceraea Schulze, 1919 back to the status of a genus. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 38(2): 189–204. DOI: 10.1111/mve.12708 Reference page.
Leonovich, S.A. 2023. On the Origin of Hard Ticks (Parasitiformes, Ixodidae). Entomological Review 103(3): 362–371. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873823030144 . Reference page.
Mans, B.J., Featherston, J., Kvas, M., Pillay, K-A., Klerk, D.G. de, Pienaar, R., Castro, M.H. de, Schwan, T.G., Lopez, J.E., Teel, P., Pérez de León, A.A., Sonenshine, D.E., Egekwu, N.I., Bakkes, D.K., Heyne, H., Kanduma, E.G., Nyangiwe, N., Bouattour, A. & Latif, A.A. 2019. Argasid and ixodid systematics: Implications for soft tick evolution and systematics, with a new argasid species list. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases 10(1): 219–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.09.010 PDF Reference page.
Neumann, L.G. 1911. Ixodidae. Das Tierreich 26: 1–169. BHL Reference page.
Petney, T.N., Skuballa, J., Pfäffle, M. & Taraschewski, H. 2010. The role of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris L.) in the dissemination of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in Germany. Systematic & Applied Acarology 15: 31–35. DOI: 10.11158/saa.15.1.3. ResearchGate Reference page.
Robbins, R.G., Nava, S., Ronai, I., Chong, K.L. & Guglielmone, A.A. 2025. Type specimens of the world’s hard tick species (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): collection data and depositories for all valid names and the current status of invalid names. Zootaxa 5606(1): 1–287. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5606.1.1 Reference page.

Vernacular names

Deutsch: Schildzecken
English: Hard ticks
español: Ixódido
français: Ixodidés
svenska: Hårda fästingar
Türkçe: Yaz kenesigiller