Anaxyrus boreas

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Anura
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Classis: Amphibia Subclassis: Lissamphibia Ordo: Anura

Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Anaxyrus
Species: Anaxyrus boreas
Subspecies: A. b. boreas – A. b. halophilus

Name

Anaxyrus boreas (Baird & Girard, 1852)

Type locality: "vicinity of Puget Sound", Washington, USA.

Holotype: Syntype - USNM 15467-70.

Note:

The recognition of Anaxyrus as a genus distinct from Bufo is highly controversial, and has not been accepted by many herpetologists working with this group. For a complete phylogeny of the species in this group and their relationships as a subgroup within Bufo, see Pauly et al. (2004).

Synonyms

Rana canagica Pallas, 1814
Bufo boreas Baird & Girard, 1852
Bufo halophila Baird & Girard, 1853
Bufo columbiensis Baird & Girard, 1853
Bufo lamentor Girard, 1859
Bufo politus Cope, 1862
Bufo pictus Cope in Yarrow, 1875
Bufo halophilus — Boulenger, 1882
Bufo nestor Camp, 1917
Bufo canagicus canagicus — Myers, 1930
Bufo canagicus halophilus — Myers, 1930
Bufo halophilus halophilus — Frank & Ramus, 1995
Anaxyrus boreas — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
Anaxyrus boreas boreas — Frost, McDiarmid & Mendelson, 2008
Anaxyrus boreas halophilus — Frost, McDiarmid & Mendelson, 2008

References

Baird and Girard, 1852, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6: 174.
Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363
Frost, D. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Electronic Database accessible at www.research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Anaxyrus boreas
World Conservation Monitoring Centre IUCN: Anaxyrus boreas (Near Threatened)

Vernacular names

English: Western toad