Anaxyrus americanus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Anura
Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Cladus: Batrachomorpha Classis: Amphibia Subclassis: Lissamphibia Superordo: Batrachia Cladus: Salientia Ordo: Anura

Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Anaxyrus
Species: Anaxyrus americanus
Subspecies: A. a. americanus – A. a. charlesmithi

Name

Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)

Type locality: "vicinity of Philadelphia", USA.

Holotype: Questionably ANSP 2474 .

Note

The recognition of Anaxyrus as a genus distinct from Bufo is highly controversial, and has not been accepted by many herpetologists working with this group. For a complete phylogeny of the species in this group and their relationships as a subgroup within Bufo, see Pauly et al. (2004).

Synonyms

Bufo americanus LeConte in Cuvier, 1831
Chilophryne americana — Cope, 1862
Incilius americanus — Cope, 1863
Bufo copei Yarrow & Henshaw, 1878
Bufo terrestris americanus — Netting & Goin, 1946
Bufo terrestris copei — Netting & Goin, 1946
Bufo terrestris charlesmithi Bragg, 1954
Bufo americanus — Blair, 1957
Bufo americanus charlesmithi — Smith, 1961
Bufo americanus var. alani Long, 1982
Bufo copei — Sanders, 1987
Anaxyrus americanus — Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green & Wheeler, 2006
Anaxyrus americanus americanus — Frost, McDiarmid & Mendelson, 2008
Anaxyrus americanus charlesmithi — Frost, McDiarmid & Mendelson, 2008

References

Holbrook, 1836, N. Am. Herpetol., 1: 75.
Frost, Grant, Faivovich, Bain, Haas, Haddad, de Sá, Channing, Wilkinson, Donnellan, Raxworthy, Campbell, Blotto, Moler, Drewes, Nussbaum, Lynch, Green, and Wheeler, 2006, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 297: 363
Pauly, G. B., D. M. Hillis, and D. C, Cannatella. (2004) The history of a Nearctic colonization: Molecular phylogenetics and biogeography of the Nearctic toads (Bufo). Evolution 58: 2517–2535.
Frost, D. 2008. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.2 (15 July, 2008). Electronic Database accessible at www.research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Anaxyrus americanus Reference page.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre IUCN: Anaxyrus americanus (Least Concern)

Vernacular names

English: American Toad