Viola tricolor

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Subgenus: V. subg. Melanium
Sectio: V. sect. Noverculae
Species: Viola tricolor
Subspecies: V. t. subsp. curtisii – V. t. subsp. macedonica – V. t. subsp. matutina – V. t. subsp. subalpina – V. t. subsp. tricolor

Name

Viola tricolor L., Sp. Pl.: 935 (1753).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Viola versicolor Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 130 (1796).
- Mnemion tricolor (L.) Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 515 (1836).
- Jacea tricolor (L.) Opiz, Seznam: 54 (1852).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland (introduced), Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Krasnoyarsk (introduced), West Siberia.
- Regional: Russian Far East (introduced)
  - Primorye, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Iran, Sinai (introduced), Turkey.
- Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced)
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Laos, Vietnam.
Continental: Northern America (introduced)
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Central America
  - Guatemala.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica.
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South.
Continental: Antarctic
- Regional: Subantarctic Islands
  - Tristan da Cunha.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 935. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola tricolor in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Viola tricolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola tricolor. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola tricolor. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Viola tricolor in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Viola tricolor in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names

azərbaycanca: Üçrəng bənövşə
башҡортса: Ала миләүшә
беларуская: Браткі
български: Трицветна теменуга
bosanski: Poljska ljubičica
català: Pensament silvestre
kaszëbsczi: Pôchnący proliszk
čeština: Violka trojbarevná
Cymraeg: Trilliw
dansk: Almindelig Stedmoderblomst
Deutsch: Wildes Stiefmütterchen
English: Wild Pansy
español: Pensamiento salvaje
eesti: Aaskannike
فارسی: بنفشه سه‌رنگ
suomi: Keto-orvokki
français: Pensée sauvage
galego: Herba da trindade
Gaelg: Blaa villish
hrvatski: Maćuhica
magyar: Háromszínű árvácska
հայերեն: Եռագույն մանուշակ
íslenska: Þrenningarfjóla
italiano: Viola tricolore
日本語: サンシキスミレ
ქართული: იაჟუჟუნა
қазақша: Үш түсті шегіргүл
한국어: 삼색제비꽃
lietuvių: Trispalvė našlaitė
Nederlands: Driekleurig Viooltje
norsk nynorsk: Stemorsblom
norsk: Stemorsblomst
polski: Fiołek trójbarwny
português: Amor-perfeito
română: Panseluţă
русский: Фиалка трёхцветная
davvisámegiella: Gieddeviola
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Maćuhica
slovenčina: Fialka trojfarebná
српски / srpski: Дан-ноћ
svenska: Styvmorsviol
Türkçe: Hercai menekşe
українська: Фіалка триколірна
Tiếng Việt: Hoa tím tam sắc
中文（简体）: 三色堇
中文（繁體）: 三色堇
中文（臺灣）: 三色堇
中文: 三色堇

For more multimedia, look at Viola tricolor on Wikimedia Commons.