Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor

Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species: Viola tricolor
Subspecies: Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor

Name

Viola tricolor L. subsp. tricolor, autonym

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Viola grandiflora L., Mant. Pl. 2: 518 (1771).
  • Ion tricolor Medik., Malvenfam.: 102 (1787).
  • Viola bicolor Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 4: 170 (1804).
  • Viola banatica Kit. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 382 (1819).
  • Viola media (DC.) Chaillet ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 382 (1819).
  • Viola parviflora Kit. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 5: 383 (1819).
  • Viola mutabilis Rochel, Pl. Banat. Rar.: index (1828).
  • Mnemion elegans Spach, Hist. Nat. Vég. 5: 513 (1836).
  • Viola micrantha Bertol., Misc. Bot. 1: 15 (1842).
  • Viola soongorica Fisch. ex Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 257 (1842).
  • Viola nemausensis Jord., Observ. Pl. Nouv. 2: 18 (1846).
    • Mnemion nemausense (Jord.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 341 (1868).
  • Viola pallescens Jord., Observ. Pl. Nouv. 2: 10 (1846).
  • Viola sagotii Jord., Observ. Pl. Nouv. 2: 34 (1846).
    • Mnemion sagotii (Jord.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 342 (1868).
  • Viola vivariensis Jord., Observ. Pl. Nouv. 1: 17 (1846).
  • Viola bella Gren. in J.C.M.Grenier & D.A.Godron, Fl. France Corse 1: 184 (1847).
  • Viola virgata Gren. in J.C.M.Grenier & D.A.Godron, Fl. France Corse 1: 184 (1847).
  • Viola flavida Jord., Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 25 (1852).
  • Viola lejeunei Jord., Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 27 (1852).
    • Viola tricolor var. lejeunei (Jord.) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 692 (2018).
  • Viola lepida Jord., Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 28 (1852).
  • Viola luteola Jord., Mém. Acad. Sci. Lyon, Sect. Sci. 1: 27 (1852).
  • Viola lloydii Jord. ex Boreau, Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 80 (1857).
  • Viola meduanensis Boreau, Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 80 (1857).
  • Viola peregrina Jord. ex Boreau, Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 82 (1857).
  • Viola provostii Boreau, Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 82 (1857).
  • Viola ruralis Jord. ex Boreau, Fl. Centre France, éd. 3, 2: 81 (1857).
  • Viola derelicta Jord. in P.C.Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne: 101 (1859).
  • Viola mentita Jord. in P.C.Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne: 101 (1859).
  • Viola subtilis Jord. in P.C.Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne: 101 (1859).
  • Viola foucaudii Sav. in A.Tremeau de Rochebrune & A.Savatier, Cat. Pl. Phan. Charente: 49 (1860).
  • Viola olonnensis Genev., Mém. Soc. Acad. Maine Loire 8: 178 (1860).
  • Viola variata Jord. in P.C.Billot, Annot. Fl. France Allemagne: 166 (1860).
    • Mnemion variatum (Jord.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 16: 341 (1868).
  • Viola deminuta Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 87 (1866).
  • Viola leptoceras Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 87 (1866).
  • Viola pseudolutea Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 87 (1866).
  • Viola sicula Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 86 (1866).
  • Viola lilascens Heldr. ex Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 466 (1867).
  • Viola garganica Strobl, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 27: 224 (1877).
  • Viola confinis Jord. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 80 (1878).
  • Viola mucuzii Orph. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 80 (1878).
  • Viola variegata Vuk., Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan. 44: 195 (1878).
  • Viola perrobusta Borbás, Magyar Növényt. Lapok 13: 81 (1890).
  • Viola carpatica Borbás, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 41: 422 (1891).
    • Viola tricolor var. carpatica (Borbás) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 692 (2018).
  • Viola cantiana Drabble, J. Bot. 47(Suppl. 2): 8 (1909).
    • Viola tricolor var. cantiana (Drabble) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 692 (2018).
  • Viola tricolor f. tenella Farw., Pap. Michigan Acad. Sci. 2: 35 (1923).
  • Viola orcadensis Drabble, J. Bot. 65: 44 (1927).
    • Viola tricolor var. orcadensis (Drabble) P.D.Sell, Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 1: 692 (2018).
  • Viola vectensis (F.N.Williams) Drabble, J. Bot. 65: 47 (1927).
  • Viola kupffieri Klokov in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 15: 683 (1949).
  • Viola tricolor f. alba Sigunov, Glasn. Prir. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 34: 86 (1979).
  • Viola tricolor var. raiblensis Lausi & Cusma-Vel., Stud. Geobot. 6: 128 (1986).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland (introduced), Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa (introduced) Regional: Southern Africa KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces. Regional: Western Indian Ocean Réunion. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Krasnoyarsk (introduced), West Siberia. Regional: Russian Far East (introduced) Primorye, Sakhalin. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Tadzhikistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Iran, Sinai (introduced), Turkey. Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced) Japan, Korea. Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced) Regional: Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China Laos, Vietnam. Continental: Northern America (introduced) Regional: Subarctic America Alaska, Yukon. Regional: Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, District of Columbia. Continental: Southern America (introduced) Regional: Central America Guatemala. Regional: Caribbean Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica. Regional: Northern South America Venezuela. Regional: Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Regional: Brazil Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South. Continental: Antarctic Regional: Subantarctic Islands Tristan da Cunha. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor. Published online. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor. Accessed: 29 Jun 2022.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Viola tricolor subsp. tricolor in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 29.