Galium hypocarpium

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I.: 351. 1864 [1861].

Basionym
- Valantia hypocarpia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 1307. 1759.
  - Typus: Jamaica: "middle mountains of Liguanee"; Browne s.n. (lectotype, designated by Dempster (1990), p. 306: LINN-1219.13).

Homotypic
- Rubia brownei Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. (Michaux) 1: 81. 1803, nom. illeg. superfl., p.p. (quoad typum)^{[Note 1]} (as Brownei)
- Rubia hypocarpia (L.) DC., Prodr. 4: 591(–592). 1830.
- Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl., Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 2(7): 63. 1881.
- Galium hypocarpium (L.) Fosberg, Sida 2(5): 386. 1966, isonym

Native distribution areas:

Northern America
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest.
Southern America
- Central America
  - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
- Caribbean
  - Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica.
- Northern South America
  - Guyana, Venezuela.
- Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central.
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Paraguay, Uruguay.

De Candolle, A.P. 1830. Ordo XCVIII. Rubiaceae. Pp. 341–622, 672–673 in Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta, Pars 4, Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page.
Grisebach, A.H.R. 1861. XCIV. Rubiaceae. Pp. 316–351 in Flora of the British West Indian Islands. Lovell, Reeve & Co., London. BHL Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1759. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus II. Editio decima, reformata. Pp. [I–VI], 825–1384. Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Rubiaceae. In Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 800–852. DOI: 10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1 BHL Reference page.
Dempster, L.T. 1990. The genus Galium (Rubiaceae) in South America. IV. Allertonia 5: 283–345. JSTOR Reference page.
Taylor, C.M. & Lorence, D.H. 2014. Galium. Pp. 553–556 in Taylor, C.M., Rubiaceae. In Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. VII, Dicotiledóneas (Picramniaceae–Rutaceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-56-6. Reference page.
Taylor, C.M. & Steyermark, J.A. 2004. Galium. Pp. 604–605 in Taylor, C.M., Steyermark, J.A. (†), Delprete, P.G., Vicentini, A., Cortés, R., Zappi, D., Persson, C., Costa, C.B. & Anunciação, E.A., Rubiaceae. In Steyermark, J.A., Berry, P.E., Yatskievych, K. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 8, Poaceae–Rubiaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 1-930723-36-9. Reference page.

International Plant Names Index. 2018. Galium hypocarpium. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Galium hypocarpium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 04 22. Reference page.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Galium hypocarpium.
Hassler, M. 2018. Galium hypocarpium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 June 11. Reference page.

Tropicos.org 2018. Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Galium hypocarpium in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Galium hypocarpium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 April 2018.
Galium hypocarpium in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 22 April 2018.

↑ The description of Rubia brownei by Michaux refers to Galium bermudense. However, the inclusion of Valantia hypocarpia L. in synonymy makes it a superfluous name and homotypic synonym of Galium hypocarpium.