Cynara

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Carduoideae
Tribus: Cardueae
Subtribus: Carduinae
Genus: Cynara
Species: C. algarbiensis – C. auranitica – C. baetica – C. cardunculus – C. cornigera – C. cyrenaica – C. humilis – C. makrisii – C. scolymus – C. syriaca – C. tournefortii
Nothospecies: C. × gaditana – C. × pacensis

Name

Cynara L., Sp. Pl. 2: 827 (1753); Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 359 (1754).

Lectotype species: Cynara cardunculus L. ((designated by M.L. Green in Sprague et al., Nom. Prop. Brit. Bot. 179 (Aug 1929))

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Cinara Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (sub Artichoke) (1754).
Heterotypic
- Bourgaea Coss., Notes Pl. Crit.: 39 (1849).
  - Type: Bourgaea humilis (L.) Cosson
- Cynaropsis Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 158 (1903).
  - Type: Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus Kuntze, Lex. Gen. Phan.: 158 (1903)
- Arcyna Wiklund, Willdenowia 33: 63 (2003).
  - Type: Arcyna tournefortii (Boiss. ex Reuter) Wiklund

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Great Britain, Ireland.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands, Madeira.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Ethiopia.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius, Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Myanmar, Vietnam.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Jawa.
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - Guatemala, Panama.
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Juan Fernández Islands, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 827. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 359. Reference page.

Additional references

Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195. In: Sprague, T.A. (ed.): International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Hand, R., & Hadjikyriakou, G. 2009. Cynara makrisii (Asteraceae, Cardueae), a new artichoke species in Cyprus. Willdenowia 39 (1): 77–81. DOI: 10.3372/wi.39.39108 Reference page.
Robba, L., Carine, M. A., Russell, S. J., & Raimondo, F. M. 2005. The monophyly and evolution of Cynara L. (Asteraceae) sensu lato: evidence from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region of nrDNA. Plant Systematics and Evolution 253 (1-4): 53-64. DOI: 10.1007/s00606-004-0259-3 Reference page.
Wiklund, A. 1992. The genus Cynara L. (Asteraceae-Cardueae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 109 (1): 75-123. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1992.tb00260.x Reference page.
Moth Wiklund, A. 2003. Arcyna, a new genus segregated from Cynara (Compositae). Willdenowia 33(1): 63–68. DOI: 10.3372/wi.33.33105 JSTOR Reference page.

Links

Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Cynara in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Apr. 10.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. 10 in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Apr.. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Cynara. Published online. Accessed: Apr. 10 2021.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Cynara in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2022 Dec 6.
Tropicos.org 2022. Cynara. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 6 Dec 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Cynara. Accessed: 6 Dec 2022.

Vernacular names

azərbaycanca: Artişok
беларуская: Артышок
dansk: Kardon-slægten
Deutsch: Artischocken
English: Cardoon
suomi: Artisokat
polski: Karczoch
русский: Артишок
slovenčina: Artičok
svenska: Kronärtskockssläktet
Tiếng Việt: Chi Atisô

For more multimedia, look at Cynara on Wikimedia Commons.