Breonia chinensis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Cinchonoideae
Tribus: Naucleeae
Genus: Breonia
Species: Breonia chinensis

Name

Breonia chinensis (Lam.) Capuron, Adansonia sér. 2, 13(4): 472 (1974)

Synonymy

• Basionym
  • Cephalanthus chinensis Lam., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 1(2): 678 (1785)
    • Type: P. Commerson s.n. (Holotype: P-LA [image in Bosser 1984 publ. 1985: 245]; Isotypes: P {P00462439^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} & P00462440^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}}).
      • Note: Bosser states that this specimen has the following five slips: 1. "Cephalanthus chinensis enc. n^o2" by Lamarck; 2. "in horto regio insulae françiae" by probably Commerson; 3. "c'est le Morinda de Chine, arbuste à fleur odorante" by Sonnerat; 4. "Morinda de Chine" by Sonnerat; 5. "Nauclea purpurea Roxb." and "Nauclea orientalis Lamk."
    • Type locality: Isle de France[MAURITANIA].
• Homotypic
  • Anthocephalus indicus A.Rich., Mém. Fam. Rubiac.: 158 (1830) et Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 237 (1834), nom. illeg.
    • Note: this name had been applied to an Asian species Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia Sér. 4, 6(3): 247 (1984 publ. 1985) until Bosser (op. cit.) objected to Ridsdale's attempt to typify that Asian species with Cephalanthus chinensis in Blumea 22(3): 551–552 (1975).
  • Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) Hassk., Flora 28: 231 (1845), nom. illeg.
• Heterotypic
  • Nauclea citrifolia Poir., Encycl. [J. Lamarck & al.] 4(2): 435 (1798)
    • Type: Unknown collector s.n. (P-LA) fide Razafimandimbison (2002: 16).
      • Note: Razafimandison states that this specimen has the following four labels: 1. "Nauclea citrifolia dic n^o2." by Lamarck; 2. "? 8. Nauclea cadamba Roxb.? Nauclea citrifolia Poir.!!! perquem affinis orientalis! immonimis affinis." by Roeper; 3. "acquis en Novembre 1886." 4. "Breonia chinensis (Lamk.) R. Capuron." by Capuron. There exists 'holotype' of N. citrifolia in P (P00462438^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}) [in fruit], but it does not have such labels. Bosser (1985: 246–247) had cited Commerson's unnumbered collection as type, but Razafimandimbison (2002: 18) considered this to be an error and described a new species B. taolagnaroensis using that specimen.
    • Type locality: MADAGASCAR.
  • Cephalidium citrifolium (Poir.) A.Rich. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 672 (September 1830); not accepted by Haviland (1897: 36) [cited as Breonia richardiana], Capuron (1973) [cited as Breonia chinensis], Ridsdale (1975: 545) [cited as Breonia citrifolia], Bosser (1985: 247) and Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]
  • Sarcocephalus richardianus Baill., Adansonia 12: 312 (1879); as Sarcocephalus Richardiana
    • Type: L.A. Chapelier s.n. (Holotype: P [​P00462436^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotype: P).
    • Type locality: MADAGASCAR.
  • Samama citrifolia (Poir.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 297 (1891)
  • Breonia coriacea Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 36 (1897); not accepted by Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]
    • Type: L. Humblot [84] (Holotype: K [​K000033811^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isotype: W 1889-0028176^(GBIF)).
  • Breonia mauritiana Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 35 (1897); not accepted by Capuron (1973) [cited as Breonia chinensis], Ridsdale (1975: 545) [cited as Breonia citrifolia], Bosser (1985: 247) and Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]
    • Type: P. Commerson s.n. (P [​P00462437^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]).
      • Note: Ridsdale (1975: 551–552) considered a duplicate of the type of Cephalanthus chinensis to be that of B. mauritiana and then rejected the name B. chinensis.
    • Type locality: MAURITIUS.
  • Breonia richardiana (Baill.) Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 36 (1897); not accepted by Capuron (1973) [cited as Breonia chinensis], Ridsdale (1975: 545) [cited as Breonia citrifolia], Bosser (1985: 247) and Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]
  • Sarcocephalus richardii Drake in A. Grandidier, Hist. Pl. Madag. 36 (Hist. Nat. Pl. 6 Atlas 4): t. 457 (1897)
    • Typus: [illustration] Grandidier t. 457.
  • Cephalina richardii (Drake) Palacký, Cat. Pl. Madagasc. 4: 50 (1906); as Cefalina richardi; not accepted by Ridsdale (1975: 545) [cited as Breonia citrifolia], Bosser (1985: 247) and Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]
  • Breonia citrifolia (Poir.) Ridsdale, Blumea 22(3): 545 (1975); not accepted by Bosser (1985: 247) and Razafimandimbison (2002: 16) [cited as Breonia chinensis]

Notes

Capuron (1973) had sunk B. stipulata Havil. under the synonymy of his Breonia chinensis and Ridsdale (1975: 545) newly four names (B. cuspidata (Baker) Havil., B. havilandiana Homolle, B. louvelii Homolle and B. membranacea Havil.) under the synonymy of his B. citrifolia, but these five were reinstated by Razafimandimbison (2002).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Continental: Africa Regional: Western Indian Ocean Madagascar. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Capuron, R. (†) 1973. Sur l'identité du Cephalanthus chinensis Lam.. Adansonia sér. 2, 13(4): 471–473. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Lamarck, J.-B. 1783–1785. Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Tome 1. XLIV+752 pp. Panckoucke, Paris; Plomteux, Liége. BHL Reference page. 
• Lamarck, J.-B. (ed.) 1797–1798. Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique. Tome 4. 764 pp. H. Agasse, Paris. BHL Reference page. 
• De Candolle, A.P. 1830. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 4: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 683 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 
• Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars I. Pp. I–CLV, 1–374. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Reference page. 
• Haviland, G.D. 1897. A Revision of the Tribe Naucleeae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 33(228): 1–94. BHL Reference page. 
• Palacký, J. 1906. Catalogus Plantarum Madagascariensium. Fasciculus 4. Pragae[Prague]: Sumptibus auctoris[Self-published]. Národní digitální knihovna Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. & Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, R.C. 1975. A synopsis of the African and Madagascan Rubiaceae — Naucleeae. Blumea 22(3): 541–553. PDF Reference page. 
• Bosser, J. 1984. Sur le type du Cephalanthus chinensis Lam.: Neolamarckia, nouveau nom pour Anthocephalus auct. non A. Rich. (Rubiaceae). Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 4^e série, Section B, Adansonia, Botanique, Phytochimie 6(3): 243–248. BHL Reference page. 
• Razafimandimbison, S.G. 2002. A systematic revision of Breonia (Rubiaceae-Naucleeae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 89(1): 1–37. BHL Reference page. 

Links

• IUCN: Breonia chinensis (Lam.) Capuron (Least Concern) - Assessed by Members of the IUCN SSC Madagascar Plant Specialist Group on 24 March 2015.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Breonia chinensis. Published online. Accessed: 20 February 2022.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Breonia chinensis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 February 2022.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2023. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Breonia chinensis. Accessed: 2023 October 23.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Breonia chinensis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 October 23. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

Malagasy: Molompangady (Razafimandimbison 2002)