Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum

Xanthium spinosum

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Asterales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium spinosum
Subspecies: Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum

Name

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Xanthium spinosum L. subsp. spinosum, autonym

Synonyms

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  • Heterotypic
    • Xanthium spinosum var. brachyacanthum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
    • Xanthium armatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 242 (1842).
    • Xanthium brachyacanthum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 244 (1842).
    • Xanthium xanthocarpum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 241 (1842).
    • Xanthium canadense Sabbat. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 475 (1879), nom. inval.
    • Xanthium spinosum var. inerme Bel, Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 11: 481 (1893).
      • Xanthium spinosum f. inerme (Bel) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
    • Xanthium medium Nossotovsky, Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14: 454 (1914).
    • Xanthium multifidum Larrañaga, Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 1: 28 (1922).
    • Xanthium canescens Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 121 (1923).
    • Xanthium chrysacanthum Costa ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 121 (1923), pro syn.
    • Xanthium spinosum f. laciniatum Scheuerm. & Thell. ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 135 (1923).
    • Xanthium spinosum var. pseudinerme Widder ex Parodi, Physis (Buenos Aires) 8: 480 (1927).


Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe (introduced)
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Great Britain.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States, Krym, East European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa (introduced)
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Azores, Canary Islands.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Eritrea, Ethiopia.
    • Regional: South Tropical Africa
      • Zimbabwe.
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
    • Regional: Siberia
      • Altay, West Siberia.
    • Regional: Russian Far East
      • Primorye.
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
    • Regional: China
      • Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Japan, Korea.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
  • Continental: Australasia (introduced)
    • Regional: Australia
      • New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
    • Regional: New Zealand
      • New Zealand North.
  • Continental: Pacific (introduced)
    • Regional: Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji, New Caledonia.
  • Continental: Northern America
    • Regional: Western Canada
      • Saskatchewan.
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico, Texas.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest.
  • Continental: Southern America
    • Regional: Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Vernacular names

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English: spiny cocklebur
español: Arrancamoños
suomi: Piikkisappiruoho
Nederlands: stekende stekelnoot
Türkçe: Dikenli pıtrak