Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum

Xanthium spinosum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium spinosum
Subspecies: Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum

Name

Xanthium spinosum L. subsp. spinosum, autonym

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Xanthium spinosum var. brachyacanthum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
  • Xanthium armatum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 242 (1842).
  • Xanthium brachyacanthum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 244 (1842).
  • Xanthium xanthocarpum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 241 (1842).
  • Xanthium canadense Sabbat. ex Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 475 (1879), nom. inval.
  • Xanthium spinosum var. inerme Bel, Rev. Bot. Bull. Mens. 11: 481 (1893).
    • Xanthium spinosum f. inerme (Bel) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
  • Xanthium medium Nossotovsky, Izv. Imp. Bot. Sada Petra Velikago 14: 454 (1914).
  • Xanthium multifidum Larrañaga, Escritos D. A. Larrañaga 1: 28 (1922).
  • Xanthium canescens Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 121 (1923).
  • Xanthium chrysacanthum Costa ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 121 (1923), pro syn.
  • Xanthium spinosum f. laciniatum Scheuerm. & Thell. ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 135 (1923).
  • Xanthium spinosum var. pseudinerme Widder ex Parodi, Physis (Buenos Aires) 8: 480 (1927).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced) Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Great Britain. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Baltic States, Krym, East European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa (introduced) Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara. Regional: Macaronesia Azores, Canary Islands. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Eritrea, Ethiopia. Regional: South Tropical Africa Zimbabwe. Regional: Southern Africa Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces. Regional: Western Indian Ocean Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues. Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced) Regional: Siberia Altay, West Siberia. Regional: Russian Far East Primorye. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey. Regional: Arabian Peninsula Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Regional: China Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast. Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea. Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced) Regional: Indian Subcontinent India, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Continental: Australasia (introduced) Regional: Australia New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. Regional: New Zealand New Zealand North. Continental: Pacific (introduced) Regional: Southwestern Pacific Fiji, New Caledonia. Continental: Northern America Regional: Western Canada Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia. Regional: Mexico Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest. Continental: Southern America Regional: Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Regional: Brazil Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Links

• Hassler, M. 2018. Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 31 2018.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2018. Xanthium spinosum subsp. spinosum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 Mar. 2018.

Vernacular names

English: spiny cocklebur
español: Arrancamoños
suomi: Piikkisappiruoho
Nederlands: stekende stekelnoot
Türkçe: Dikenli pıtrak