Xanthium spinosum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium spinosum
Subspecies: X. s. subsp. catharticum – X. s. subsp. spinosum

Name

Xanthium spinosum L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 110 (1869).
- Xanthium spinosum f. typicum Widder, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 54A: 337 (1935), nom. inval.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Great Britain.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States, Krym, East European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Canary Islands.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea, Ethiopia.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Zimbabwe.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, West Siberia.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China
  - Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji, New Caledonia.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 987. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Xanthium spinosum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Xanthium spinosum. Published online. Accessed: Mar. 31 2018.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Xanthium spinosum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2018. Xanthium spinosum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 31 Mar. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthium spinosum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

català: espina-xoca
English: spiny cocklebur
español: Arrancamoños
suomi: Piikkisappiruoho
magyar: Szúrós szerbtövis
Nederlands: stekende stekelnoot
Türkçe: Dikenli pıtrak