Viola biflora subsp. biflora

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species: Viola biflora
Subspecies: Viola biflora subsp. biflora

Name

Viola biflora L. subsp. biflora, autonym

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Viola lutea Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 680 (1779).
  • Viola uniflora Krock., Fl. Siles. 2(2): 516 (1790) non L.
    • Viola biflora var. uniflora DC. in Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç. ed. 3 4: 808 (1805).
  • Viola reniformis Wall., Fl. Ind., ed (1820), 2: 451 (1824).
  • Viola biflora var. acutifolia Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 163 (1842).
  • Viola biflora var. platyphylla Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 412-413 (1886).
  • Viola biflora var. cuspidata Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 2: 9 (1889).
  • Viola biflora var. acuminata Maxim., Acta Hort. Petrop. 11: 62 (1890).
  • Viola biflora var. crassifolia Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 139 (1902).
  • Viola crassa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 87 (1905).
  • Viola schulzeana W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 261 (1916).
  • Viola tayemonii Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 3 (1916).
  • Viola biflora var. nudicaulis W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42 (1918).
    • Viola nudicaulis (W.Becker) S.Y.Chen, Fl. Xizang. 3: 297 (1986).
  • Viola biflora var. hirsuta W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42 (1918).
  • Viola biflora var. parvifolia Lázaro Ibiza, Revista Real Acad. Ci. Madrid 17: 269 (1919).
  • Viola chingiana W.Becker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 117 (1925).
  • Viola avatschensis W.Becker & Hultén, Ark. Bot. 22A(3): 1 (1928).
    • Viola biflora subsp. avatschensis (W.Becker & Hultén) Tzvelev, Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8(1): 39 (1980).
    • Viola crassa subsp. avatschensis (W.Becker & Hultén) Espeut, Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 39 (2020).
  • Viola kanoi Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 19: 413 (1929).
  • Viola biflora var. valdepilosa Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7(2): 381 (1931).
  • Viola crassa var. shikkensis Miyabe & Tatew., Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 133 (1938).
  • Viola manaslensis F.Maek., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 173 (1954).
  • Viola biflora var. akaishiensis Hid.Takah. & H.Ohba, Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(4): 24 (1971).
  • Viola biflora f. glabrifolia Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 6 (1974).
  • Viola crassa var. vegeta Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 565 (1928).
    • Viola biflora var. vegeta (Nakai) Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 6 (1974).
  • Viola crassa subsp. alpicola Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 18 (1974).
    • Viola crassa var. alpicola (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
  • Viola crassa subsp. borealis Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974).
    • Viola crassa var. borealis (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
  • Viola crassa subsp. yatsugatakeana Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974).
    • Viola crassa var. yatsugatakeana (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
  • Viola crassa var. tayemonii (Hayata) S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 10 (1992).
  • Viola biflora var. burejensis Bezd., Komarovskie Chteniya (Vladivostok) 48: 108 (2001).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Finland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe East European Russia, North European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya. Regional: Russian Far East Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan. Regional: China China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia. Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea, Taiwan. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Assam, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China Myanmar. Regional: Malesia Sumatera. Continental: Northern America Regional: Subarctic America Alaska, Yukon. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 27. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.
• Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.

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