Viola biflora subsp. biflora

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Species: Viola biflora
Subspecies: Viola biflora subsp. biflora

Name

Viola biflora L. subsp. biflora, autonym

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Viola lutea Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 680 (1779).
- Viola uniflora Krock., Fl. Siles. 2(2): 516 (1790) non L.
  - Viola biflora var. uniflora DC. in Lam. & DC., Fl. Franç. ed. 3 4: 808 (1805).
- Viola reniformis Wall., Fl. Ind., ed (1820), 2: 451 (1824).
- Viola biflora var. acutifolia Kar. & Kir., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 15: 163 (1842).
- Viola biflora var. platyphylla Franch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 33: 412-413 (1886).
- Viola biflora var. cuspidata Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 2: 9 (1889).
- Viola biflora var. acuminata Maxim., Acta Hort. Petrop. 11: 62 (1890).
- Viola biflora var. crassifolia Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 139 (1902).
- Viola crassa Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 87 (1905).
- Viola schulzeana W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 34(2): 261 (1916).
- Viola tayemonii Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 6: 3 (1916).
- Viola biflora var. nudicaulis W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42 (1918).
  - Viola nudicaulis (W.Becker) S.Y.Chen, Fl. Xizang. 3: 297 (1986).
- Viola biflora var. hirsuta W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 42 (1918).
- Viola biflora var. parvifolia Lázaro Ibiza, Revista Real Acad. Ci. Madrid 17: 269 (1919).
- Viola chingiana W.Becker, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 38: 117 (1925).
- Viola avatschensis W.Becker & Hultén, Ark. Bot. 22A(3): 1 (1928).
  - Viola biflora subsp. avatschensis (W.Becker & Hultén) Tzvelev, Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8(1): 39 (1980).
  - Viola crassa subsp. avatschensis (W.Becker & Hultén) Espeut, Botanica Pacifica 9(1): 39 (2020).
- Viola kanoi Sasaki, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 19: 413 (1929).
- Viola biflora var. valdepilosa Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7(2): 381 (1931).
- Viola crassa var. shikkensis Miyabe & Tatew., Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 15: 133 (1938).
- Viola manaslensis F.Maek., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 15: 173 (1954).
- Viola biflora var. akaishiensis Hid.Takah. & H.Ohba, Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(4): 24 (1971).
- Viola biflora f. glabrifolia Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 6 (1974).
- Viola crassa var. vegeta Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42: 565 (1928).
  - Viola biflora var. vegeta (Nakai) Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 6 (1974).
- Viola crassa subsp. alpicola Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 18 (1974).
  - Viola crassa var. alpicola (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
- Viola crassa subsp. borealis Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974).
  - Viola crassa var. borealis (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
- Viola crassa subsp. yatsugatakeana Hid.Takah., Bull. Kanagawa Pref. Mus., Nat. Sci. 1(7): 19 (1974).
  - Viola crassa var. yatsugatakeana (Hid.Takah.) T.Shimizu, New Alp. Fl. Japan Color 1: 312 (1982).
- Viola crassa var. tayemonii (Hayata) S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 10 (1992).
- Viola biflora var. burejensis Bezd., Komarovskie Chteniya (Vladivostok) 48: 108 (2001).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Finland, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Corse, France, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - East European Russia, North European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Myanmar.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Sumatera.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Yukon.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jun 27. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.
Hassler, M. 2022. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola biflora subsp. biflora. Accessed: 27 Jun 2022.

For more multimedia, look at Viola biflora subsp. biflora on Wikimedia Commons.