Triticum aestivum

Triticum aestivum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Hordeeae
Genus: Triticum
Species: Triticum aestivum
Subspecies: T. a. subsp. aestivum – T. a. subsp. compactum – T. a. subsp. macha – T. a. subsp. spelta – T. a. subsp. sphaerococcum

Name

Triticum aestivum L., Sp. PL. 1: 85. (1753) nom. cons.

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Triticum sativum Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 625 (1779), nom. superfl.
  • Triticum vulgare Vill., Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 153 (1787), nom. superfl.
  • Triticum sativum var. aestivum (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 109 (1805), nom. inval.
  • Triticum vulgare var. aestivum (L.) Willd., Enum. Pl. 1: 133 (1809), nom. inval.
  • Triticum aristatum Schübl., Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal.: 11 (1818), nom. superfl.
  • Triticum aristatum aestivum (L.) Schübl., Diss. Char. Descr. Cereal.: 12 (1818), nom. inval.
  • Triticum cereale var. aestivum (L.) Klett & Richt., Fl. Leipzig: 118 (1830).
  • Triticum sativum var. vulgare Desv., Opusc. Sci. Phys. Nat.: 162 (1833), nom. inval.
  • Triticum vulgare var. aristatum Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 70 (1843), nom. inval.
  • Triticum vulgare convar. aristatum Alef., Landw. Fl.: 330 (1866), nom. inval.
  • Triticum vulgare subsp. aestivum (L.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 803 (1882), nom. illeg.
  • Frumentum triticum E.H.L.Krause, Bot. Centralbl. 73: 339 (1898), nom. superfl.
  • Triticum aestivum subsp. vulgare Thell., Fl. Adv. Montpellier: 142 (1912), nom. inval.
  • Triticum aestivum proles vulgare Thell., Naturwiss. Wochenschr., n.f., 17: 471 (1918), nom. inval.
  • Triticum sativum subsp. vulgare (Vill.) P.Fourn., Quatre Fl. France: 89 (1934), nom. inval.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Indian Subcontinent India, West Himalaya Regional: Western Asia Iran, Lebanon-Syria Regional: Central Asia Pakistan, Palestine, Turkey Regional: Caucasus Transcaucasus Extinct in: Jawa Introduced into: Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Amur, Antipodean Is., Arizona, Arkansas, Assam, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Central European Rus, Chad, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Florida, France, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Jawa, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kriti, Krym, Kuwait, Lesser Sunda Is., Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Malaya, Mali, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Niger, Nigeria, North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Rodrigues, Romania, Rwanda, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tanzania, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Tunisia, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Yukon, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 85. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Wang, J., Luo, M. C., Chen, Z., You, F. M., Wei, Y., Zheng, Y. & Dvorak, J. (2013). Aegilops tauschii single nucleotide polymorphisms shed light on the origins of wheat D‐genome genetic diversity and pinpoint the geographic origin of hexaploid wheat. New Phytologist 198: 925–37.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Triticum aestivum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 December 28. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2022. Triticum aestivum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 28 December 2022.
• Hassler, M. 2022. Triticum aestivum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 December 28. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Triticum aestivum. Published online. Accessed: December 28 2022.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Triticum aestivum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

български: Зимна пшеница
বাংলা: গম
čeština: pšenice setá
dansk: Brød-Hvede
Deutsch: Weichweizen
English: Common Wheat
español: Trigo
suomi: Vehnä, leipävehnä
français: Blé tendre
hornjoserbsce: Prawa pšeńca
magyar: közönséges búza
italiano: Frumento tenero
ქართული: რბილი ხორბალი
Līvõ kēļ: Niʼzzõz
Limburgs: Terf
lietuvių: Paprastasis kvietys
latviešu: Kvieši
Mirandés: Trigo
Nederlands: Gewone Tarwe
polski: pszenica zwyczajna
português: Trigo
русский: Пшеница мягкая
slovenščina: Navadna pšenica
shqip: Gruri
svenska: Vete
ไทย: ข้าวสาลี
中文（简体）: 普通小麦
中文（繁體）: 普通小麥

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