Picea abies

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Picea abies is listed as Least Concern.

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Picea
Species: Picea abies
Varietates: P. a. var. abies – P. a. var. acuminata

Name

Picea abies (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 325 (1881).

Synonyms

Basionym
- Pinus abies L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1002 (1753).
  - Provenance: "Habitat in Europae, Asiae borealibus humidiusculis."
  - Lectotype : "Picea" in Camerarius, Pl. Epit.: 47 (1586) (designated by Farjon & Jarvis in Greuter (ed.), Regnum Veg. 128 : 122 (1993).

Homotypic
- Abies picea Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 2 (1768).
- Pinus pyramidalis Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 399 (1796).
- Abies communis Lindl. in J.C.Loudon, Encycl. Pl.: 804 (1829).
- Pinus abies subsp. vulgaris Voss in K.Putlitz & L.Meyer, Landlexikon 4: 770 (1913).
- Abies abies (L.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 7: 689 (1924 publ. 1925), nom. inval.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark (introduced), Finland, Great Britain, Ireland (introduced), Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium (introduced), Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands (introduced), Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - France, Spain (introduced).
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Korea (introduced).
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales (introduced).
Continental: Northern America (all introduced)
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Karsten, G.H. 1880–1883. Deutsche Flora. Pharmaceutisch-medicinische Botanik. Ein Grundriss der systematischen Botanik zum Selbststudium für Aerzte, Apotheker und Botaniker. 1284 pp., Berlin: J.M.Spaeth. BHL Reference page. !325

Additional references

Franco, J.M.A. do Amaral 1993. Picea. Pp. 39–40 in Tutin, T.G., Burges, N.A., Chater, A.O., Edmondson, J.R., Heywood, V.H., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.), Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. 2nd edition, xlvi + 581 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) / New York / Melbourne, ISBN 0-521-41007-X. Reference page.
Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page.
Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page.
Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 744. Online. Reference page.

Links

Farjon, A. 2017. Picea abies. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T42318A71233492.en.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Picea abies in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 21. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Picea abies. Published online. Accessed: March 21 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Picea abies. Accessed: 21 March 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. Picea abies. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 21. Reference page.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Abet royo
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Елка
беларуская: Елка еўрапейская
bosanski: Smrča, smreka
čeština: Smrk ztepilý
dansk: Rødgran
Deutsch: Gemeine Fichte
English: Norway Spruce
Esperanto: Ordinara piceo
español: Picea de Noruega
eesti: Harilik kuusk
suomi: Metsäkuusi
français: Épicéa commun
galego: Abeto Vermello
עברית: אשוחית נורבגית
hrvatski: Smreka
hornjoserbsce: Wšědny šmrěk
magyar: Lucfenyő
italiano: Abete rosso
日本語: オウシュウトウヒ
lietuvių: Paprastoji eglė
latviešu: Parastā egle
македонски: Обична смрча
norsk bokmål: Gran
Nederlands: Fijnspar
norsk nynorsk: Gran
polski: Świerk pospolity
română: Molid
русский: Ель обыкнове́нная
српски / srpski: Смрча / Smrča
svenska: Gran
Türkçe: Avrupa ladini
українська: Ялина європейська
中文: 歐洲雲杉