Nauclea orientalis

Nauclea orientalis

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Cinchonoideae
Tribus: Naucleeae
Genus: Nauclea
Species: Nauclea orientalis

Name

Nauclea orientalis (L.) L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 1: 243 (1762)

• Type: Plate 338 in Hermann's Herb. (lectotype: BM), designated by Merrill (1915).
  • Note: once Osbeck's material in LINN was chosen as a lectotype, but it cannot serve as lectotype since it is Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake (see Ridsdale 1976: 186; Ridsdale 1978: 327).

Synonyms

(List may be incomplete)

• Basionym
  • Cephalanthus orientalis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 95 (1753)
    • Note: among the citations Linnaeus listed in Species Plantarum, only Cephalanthus foliis oppositis sensu L., Fl. Zeyl.: 22 no. 53 (1748) is this species. Others based on Rheede's description as 'Katou Tsjaca' in Hortus Malabaricus 3: 29, t. 33 (1682) might be Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (syn. Anthocephalus chinensis (Lam.) A.Rich. ex Walp.) or Ochreinauclea missionis (Wall. ex G.Don) Ridsdale; see Ridsdale (1976: 184–185), Nicolson, Suresh & Manilal (1988: 338).
• Homotypic
  • Bancalus orientalis (L.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 277 (1891)
  • Sarcocephalus orientalis (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 3: 436 (1909); not accepted by Merrill (1915: 536) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
• Heterotypic
  • Nauclea coadunata Roxb. ex Sm., Cycl. [A. Rees], (London ed.) 24: n. 6 (1813); not accepted by Miquel (1856: 133) [cited as Sarcocephalus cordatus], Ridsdale (1978: 327) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: W. Roxburgh s.n., Herb. Smith 316/4 (LINN-HS 316.4.^(JSTOR)).
  • Nauclea cordata Roxb. [Hort. Bengal.: 14 (1814), nom. nud.] Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 118 (1824); not accepted by Merrill (1909: 436) [cited as Sarcocephalus orientalis], Merrill (1915: 536; 1923: 516), Ridsdale (1978: 327) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: W. Roxburgh s.n. (cultivated at Hort. Calcutta from seed sent from Ceylon[Sri Lanka]).
      • Note: Ridsdale (1978: 327) suspects that this type is the same one as that of N. coadunata.
  • Nauclea undulata Roxb. [Hort. Bengal.: 14 (1814), nom. nud.] Fl. Ind. (Carey & Wallich ed.) 2: 117 (1824); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: Roxburgh s.n. (cultivated at Hort. Calcutta since 1789, provenance Moluccas).
  • Nauclea macrophylla Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 16: 1010 (October 1826–November 1827), nom. illeg., non Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1, 2: 120 (1824) [≡ Neolamarckia macrophylla (Roxb.) Bosser]; not accepted by Miquel (1869: 179) [cited as Sarcocephalus cordatus], Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: C.L. Blume s.n. (syntypes: L {0000839, 0000840})
    • Type locality: [Indonesia. Java:] Bantam [and] Rembang.
  • Cadamba nocturna Buch.-Ham., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 15: 93 (1827)
    • Note: according to IPNI, this name is validated by description of 'Arbor Noctis, Bancalus femina & latifolia' by Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 3: 82, t. 54.
    • Type locality: [Indonesia: Maluku:] 'in planitie in frigidis & humidis locis, in Gorama[​Gorong archipelago] vero ipsam in montibus inveni in densis silvis, ac porro in cunctis Occidentalibus & Orientalibus insulis, aliquando plures simul, ita ut densam constituant silvam.'
  • Nauclea glaberrima Bartl. ex DC., Prodr. 4: 344 (1830); not accepted by Merrill (1923: 516), Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: in Herb. Haenke s.n. (isotype: GOET010385).
    • Type locality: [The Philippines.] Ins. Luçon[Luzon].
  • Nauclea grandifolia DC., Prodr. 4: 345 (1830), nom. illeg., non Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 4(2, Cur. Post.): 81 (1827) [= Uncaria macrophylla Wall.]; not accepted by Miquel (1869: 179) [cited as Sarcocephalus cordatus], Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Note: new name for N. macrophylla Blume, nom. illeg.
  • Nauclea roxburghii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 469 (1834); not accepted by Hooker (1880: 22) [cited as Sarcocephalus cordatus], Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: Wallich Cat. 6090 D sub nom. Nauclea stipulacea Roxb. (K001122991^(JSTOR)).
      • Note: Hooker (1880) states that "[t]he true N. undulata, Roxb., is not Indian, it is Wallich's N. purpurea, 6090 D. (N. stipulacea, Herb. Roxb., not N. Roxburghii, G. Don Gen. Syst. iii. 467[sic!], which from the description is S. cordatus itself)."
  • Nauclea wallichiana R.Br. [in Wall., Numer. List: n. 6098] ex G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 466 (1834); not accepted by Hooker (1880: 22) [cited as Sarcocephalus cordatus], Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: Wallich Cat. 6098 (1827; K001123027^(JSTOR))
    • Type locality: [Burma.] Ripa Attran[Ataran River].
  • Cadamba nocturna Buch.-Ham. ex Hensch., Vita Rumphii: 156 (1833), nomen; not accepted by Merrill (1917: 47, 482) [cited as Nauclea undulata], Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
  • Nauclea lutea Blanco, Fl. Filip.: 141 (1837); not accepted by Merrill (1918: 362; 1923: 516), Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: unknown fide Ridsdale (1978: 328).
  • Platanocarpum cordatum (Roxb.) Korth., Obs. Naucl. Ind.: 19 (1839)
  • Sarcocephalus cordatus (Roxb.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 133 (1856)
  • Sarcocephalus glaberrimus (Bartl. ex DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 133 (1856); as Sarcocephalus? glaberrimus
  • Sarcocephalus undulatus (Roxb.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 133 (1856); as Sarcocephalus? undulatus
  • Sarcocephalus leichharditii F.Muell., Essay Pl. Burdekin: 12 (1860), pro parte; as S. Leichharditii; not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: not traced fide Ridsdale (1978: 328).
    • Type locality: [Australia. Queensland:] Percy and Sinclair Islands.
  • Sarcocephalus buruensis Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 179 (1869)
    • Type: J.E. Teysmann s.n. (syntype: L 0000844; isosyntype: BO; possible type: U 0040957^(JSTOR)) and Forsten s.n. (7 September 1840; syntype: U; isosyntype: BO; 'type' collected in 'Lithupang', Sulawesi: L {0000842, 0000843}).
    • Type locality: [Indonesia.]
      • Teysmann: [Maluku,] Boeroe[​Buru]: in distr. Kajeli[Kayeli].
      • Forsten: Celebes[Sulawesi], in sylvis ad Likupang.
  • Bancalus grandifolius (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 277 (1891)
  • Sarcocephalus macrocephalus K.Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. [Engler & Prantl] 4(4): 59 (1891), nom. nud.; not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
  • Sarcocephalus undulatus var. buruensis (Miq.) Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 29 (1897); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
  • Sarcocephalus cordatus var. mollis Koord. & Valeton, Bijdr. Boomsoort. Java 8 (Meded. Lands Plantentuin 59): 15 (1902); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: H. Zollinger & A. Moritzi 2752 (BO).
  • Sarcocephalus ovatus Elmer, Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 1: 33 (1906)
    • Type: Forestry Bureau 3150 (Ahern's collector) (May to June 1905; BO, K000729840^(JSTOR), NY00162877^(JSTOR); isotypes: SING0058055^(JSTOR), US00130648-627097^(JSTOR)).
    • Type locality: [The Philippines.] Luzon: Province of Rizal, Bosobosa.
  • Nauclea minahassae Koord.-Schum., Syst. Verz. 3: 120 (1914), nom. nud., based on S.H. Koorders 21226 β [collected on 14 January 1896; deposited in BO {BO-1317386, BO-1317387} and L 0000841 [collected on 14 September 1896]]; not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
  • Sarcocephalus annamensis Dubard & Eberh., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 15: 493 (1909)
    • Type: P. Eberhardt s.n.
    • Type locality: [Vietnam.] 'Annam, d'autant plus qu'on s'avance davantage vers le Sud'.
  • Nauclea annamensis (Dubard & Eberh.) Merr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5(no. 15): 535 (1915); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
  • Nauclea elmeri Merr., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5(no. 15): 535 (1915); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Note: new name for Sarcocephalus ovatus; there exists a blocking name Nauclea ovata Merr., Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 42 (1913) [= Neonauclea glabra (Roxb.) Bakh.f. & Ridsdale].
  • Sarcocephalus coadunatus (Roxb. ex Sm.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club. Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 644 (1917); as Sarcocephalis coadunatus
  • Sarcocephalus papagola Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 614 [= 1168] (1929); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 328) [cited as Nauclea orientalis]
    • Type: Domin s.n. (syntypes; not seen by Ridsdale 1978).
    • Type locality: [Australia.] Queensland: Walsh. R. and Yarrabu.

Misapplied names

• Sarcocephalus bartlingii auct. non (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 133 (1856) [≡ Neonauclea bartlingii (DC.) Merr.]: F.M.Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 3: 745 (1900)
  • Note: see Ridsdale (1978: 328).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Regional: Indo-China Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam Regional: Malesia Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumetera Regional: Papuasia Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Is. Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia Northern Territory, Queensland References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 95. Reference page. 
• Linnaeus, C. 1762. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus I, Ed. 2. Pp. [I–XVI], 1–784. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Rumphius, G.E. (†) 1743. Herbarium Amboinense, Plurimas conplectens Arbores, Frutices, Herbas, Plantas terrestres & aquaticas, Quae in Amboina, et adjacentibus reperiuntur insulis, Adcuratissime descriptas juxta earum formas, cum diversis denominationibus cultura, usu, ac virtutibus. Quod & insuper exhibet varia insectorum animaliumque genera, Plurima cum naturalibus eorum figuris depicta. Pars Tertia[Vol. 3]. BHL Reference page. 
• Roxburgh, W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore. BHL Reference page. 
• Roxburgh, W. (†) 1824. Flora Indica; or Descriptions of Indian Plants. [Edited by Carey, W.] Vol. 2. 588 pp. Serampore. BHL Reference page. 
• Blume, C.L. 1826 ["1825"]. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. 16 de Stuk. Pp. 942–1066. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia. BHL Reference page. 
• Hamilton, F. 1827. A Commentary on the Third Part of the Hortus Malabaricus. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 15: 78–152. BHL Reference page. 
• Wallich, N. 1828–1849. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company, which have been supplied by Dr. Wallich, superintendent of the botanic garden at Calcutta. London. BHL Reference page. 
• De Candolle, A.P. 1830. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 4: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines X. 683 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 
• Don, G. 1834. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; ...; the whole arranged according to the natural system. Vol. III. — Calyciiflorae. VIII+867 pp. J.G. and F. Rivington, et al., London. BHL Reference page. 
• Blanco, M. 1837. Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. 887 pp., Impr. de St. Thomas, Manila. Biblioteca Digital MDZ Reference page. 
• Korthals, P.G. 1839. Observationes de Naucleis indicis. Bonnae: Typis Caroli Georgii. Google Books. Reference page. 
• Miquel, F.A.W. 1856–1859. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. vol. 2 No. IX + 1103 pp. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam BHL. Reference page. 
• Mueller, F.J.H.v. in Landsborough, W. 1862. A systematic arrangement of the plants noticed around the Gulf of Carpentaria, from the Roper to the Gilbert River, including those collected during Mr. Landsborough's expedition. Journal of Landsborough's Expedition from Carpentaria in Search of Burke and Wills: Appendix. (online) Reference page. 
• Miquel, F.A.W. 1869. Ecloge Rubiacearum Archipelagi indici. Pars prima. Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 4: 179–213. BHL Reference page. 
• Hooker, J.D., assisted by various botanists, 1880–1882. The Flora of British India Vol. 3. Caprifoliaceae to Apocynaceae. 712 pp. London: L. Reeve. BHL Reference page. 
• Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars I. Pp. I–CLV, 1–374. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Reference page. 
• Schumann, K. 1891. Rubiaceae. Pp. 1–156. in Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, IV. Teil, Abteilung 4. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. BHL Reference page. 
• Haviland, G.D. 1897. A Revision of the Tribe Naucleeae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 33(228): 1–94. BHL Reference page. 
• Bailey, F.M. 1900. The Queensland Flora: with Plates Illustrating Some Rare Species, Part III. Caprifoliaceæ to Gentianeæ. Pp. 739–1030 + [i]–[xi]. Brisbane, Queensland: H.J. Diddams & Co. BHL Reference page. 
• Koorders, S.H. & Valeton, T. 1902. Bijdrage N°. 8 tot de Kennis der Boomsoorten op Java. Mededeelingen uit 's Lands Plantentuin 59. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co. BHL Reference page. 
• Elmer, A.D.E. 1906. Philippine Rubiaceae. Leaflets of Philippine Botany 1: 1–41. BHL Reference page. 
• Dubard, M.M.M. & Eberhardt, P. 1909. Sur le Sarcocephalus annamensis Dub. et Eber.: plante tinctoriale et tannante de l’Annam. Bulletin du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 15: 493–496. BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1909. On a Collection of Plants from the Batanes and Babuyanes Islands. The Philippine Journal of Science, Section C. Botany 3(6): 385–443. BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. (Communicated by William R. Maxon) 1915. On the application of the generic name Nauclea of Linnaeus. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 5(15): 530–542. BHL Reference page. 
• Druce, G.C. 1917. Nomenclatorial Notes: chiefly African and Australian. The Botanical Exchange Club and Society of the British Isles Report for 1916, Suppl. 2: 601–653. Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1917. An Interpretation of Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense. 595 pp., Manila, Bureau of Printing. BHL Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1918. Species Blancoanae. A critical revision of the Philippine species of plants described by Blanco and Llanos. 432 pp., Bureau of Printing, Manila. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1923. An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants. Volume 3. 628 pp., Manila: Bureau of Printing. BHL Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. 1976. A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae). Blumea 23(1): 177–188. PDF. Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. 1978. A revision of the tribe Naucleeae s.s. (Rubiaceae). Blumea 24(2): 307–366. PDF Reference page. 
• Nicolson, D.H., Suresh, C.R. & Manilal, K.S. 1988. An interpretation of Van Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus. Regnum Vegetabile 119: 1–378. Google Books. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Nauclea orientalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 January 27. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Nauclea orientalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 January 27. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Nauclea orientalis. Published online. Accessed: 27 January 2022.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Nauclea orientalis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 January 2022.
• IUCN: Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (Least Concern)
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Nauclea orientalis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 27 January 2022.

Vernacular names

Bikol Central: Mambog
Cebuano: Kabak (Merrill 1923: 517)
Ilokano: Bulala (Merrill 1923: 517)
Pangasinan: Bulala (Merrill 1923: 517)
Sunda: Gempol (Priyadi et al. 2010: 35)
ไทย: ก้านเหลือง
Tagalog: Bangkal (Merrill 1923: 515, 517)
Winaray: Bangkal (Merrill 1923: 517)

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