Mitragyna speciosa

Mitragyna speciosa

Illustration of Mitragyna speciosa in Kothals (1841)

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Rubiaceae
Subfamilia: Cinchonoideae
Tribus: Naucleeae
Genus: Mitragyna
Species: Mitragyna speciosa

Name

Mitragyna speciosa Korth. [, Obs. Naucl. Ind.: 19 (1839), nom. nud.]; Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: t. 35 (1841), nom. inval. fide Ridsdale (1978: 65); (Korth.) Havil., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 69 (1897)

• Typus: P.W. Korthals s.n. (L (0000745, 0000746, 0000747); isotypus: L 0000744).
• Type locality: [Indonesia.] Borneo, crescit ad ripas fluminis Doesson, etc.[including Martapura].

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Stephegyne speciosa Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 160 (1842)
  • Nauclea korthalsii Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 186 (1841), not validly publ.
  • Nauclea speciosa (Korth.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 140 (1856), nom. illeg., non (Wall. ex G.Don) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 512 (1843) [= Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr.]
• Heterotypic
  • Mitragyna speciosa var. glabra Valeton, Nova Guinea 14: 258, t. 28, f. 1–4 (1925); not accepted by Ridsdale (1978: 65) [cited as Mitragyna speciosa]
    • Typus: W.K.H. Feuilletau de Bruyn 195 (isotypus: L 0000748)
    • Type locality: [Indonesia. New Guinea: in region of Mamberamo River, pr. Meervlakte.]

Notes

• There is one more name Nauclea luzoniensis Blanco, Fl. Filip., ed. 2: 102 (1845), nom. inval. (non Nauclea luzonensis D.Dietr., Syn. Pl. 1: 791 (1839)), which seems to have been sunken erroneously under synonymy of Stephegyne speciosa Korth. by Villar (Merrill 1905: 52). It had been treated as Mamboga capitata by Blanco (1837: 140), both names being under the same Tagalog name Mambog and Ridsdale (1978: 65) regards both of them as synonymous with Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G.Don) Havil.

Misapplied names

• Stephegyne parvifolia auct. non (Roxb.) Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot.: 161 (1842) [≡ Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth.]: K.Schum. in K. Schumann & M. Hollrung, Fl. Kais. Wilh. Land: 127 (1889)
  • Note: see Ridsdale (1978: 65).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indo-China Cambodia, Thailand Regional: Malesia Borneo, Malaya, Philippines, Sumatera Regional: Papuasia New Guinea References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Korthals, P.G. 1839. Observationes de Naucleis indicis. Bonnae: Typis Caroli Georgii. Google Books. Reference page. 
• Korthals, P.W. 1842. Verhandelingen over de natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen door de Leden der Natuurkundinge commissie in Indië en andere Schrijvers. Vol. 2 [Botanie, 1839–1842]: [i]–[iv], 1–259, pls. 1–70. Leiden. BHL Reference page. 
• Haviland, G.D. 1897. A Revision of the Tribe Naucleeae. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 33(228): 1–94. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Blanco, M. 1837. Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. 887 pp., Impr. de St. Thomas, Manila. Biblioteca Digital MDZ Reference page. 
• Steudel, E. 1840. Nomenclator botanicus. Seu: synonymia plantarum universalis, enumerans ordine alphabetico nomina atque synonyma, tum generica tum specifica, et a Linnaeo et a recentioribus de re botanica scriptoribus plantis phanerogamis imposita. Editio secunda ex nova elaborata et aucta. Pars II: Lit. L–Z. 810 pp. Typis et sumptibus J. G. Cottae, Stuttgartiae [Stuttgart] et Tubingae [Tübingen]. BHL Reference page. 
• Blanco, M. 1845. Flora de Filipinas. Segun el Sistema sexual de Linneo. Ed. 2. 619 pp. M. Sanchez, Manila. BHL. Reference page. 
• Miquel, F.A.W. 1856–1859. Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. vol. 2 No. IX + 1103 pp. C. G. van der Post, Amsterdam BHL. Reference page. 
• Schumann, K. & Hollrung, M. 1889. Die Flora von Kaiser Wilhelms Land. Nachrichten über Kaiser Wilhelms Land und den Bismarck-Archipel 5(Beiheft): [I–]V, 1–137, [139–140]. PDF Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1905. A review of the identifications of the species described in Blanco’s Flora de Filipinas. 132 pp. Bureau of Public Printing, Manila. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Merrill, E.D. 1923. An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants. Volume 3. 628 pp., Manila: Bureau of Printing. BHL Reference page. 
• Corner, E.J.H. & Watanabe, K. 1969. Illustrated Guide to Tropical Plants. Tokyo: Hirokawa Publishing Co. Reference page. 
• Ridsdale, C.E. 1978. A revision of Mitragyna and Uncaria (Rubiaceae). Blumea 24(1): 43–100. PDF Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Mitragyna speciosa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 January 28. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Mitragyna speciosa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 December 13. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Mitragyna speciosa. Published online. Accessed: 13 December 2021.
• IUCN: Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. (Least Concern)
• Tropicos.org 2021. Mitragyna speciosa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 19 December 2021.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Mitragyna speciosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 13 December 2021.

Vernacular names

čeština: Kratom
Deutsch: Kratombaum
فارسی: میتراگینا اسپکیوسا
suomi: Siaminkratomi
日本語: アヘンボク (Corner & Watanabe 1969: 698)
ລາວ: ກະທ່ອມ (Kerr 1972: 291)
Bahasa Melayu: Ketum
norsk: Kratom
русский: Кратом
slovenščina: Kratom
svenska: Kratom
ไทย: กระท่อม
Tagalog: Mambog (Merrill 1923: 508)

For more multimedia, look at Mitragyna speciosa on Wikimedia Commons.