Euphorbia ingens

Euphorbia ingens, Mecufi district, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique

Euphorbia ingens

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: E. subg. Euphorbia
Sectio: E. sect. Euphorbia
Species: Euphorbia ingens

Name

Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. [Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. (Drège) (Flora 26): 184 (1844), nom. nud.] ex Boiss., Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 15(2): 87 (1862)

• Typus: J.F. Drège 4614 (April 1832; lectotypus: S-G-2565, designated by Bruyns & Berry 2019: 837; isolectotypi: K000253383^(JSTOR), P).
• Type locality: [South Africa. Natal:] In sylvis ad[in woods near] Port Natal[, 100'].

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Euphorbia reinhardtii Volkens, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 263 (1899); not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. candelabrum] and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Typus: C. Holst 8821 (B, destroyed).
    • Type locality: [Tanzania. Lushoto Distr.:] Usambara [Mtns].
  • Euphorbia confertiflora Volkens, Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 266 (1899), nom. illeg. superfl.; not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. candelabrum] and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Note: see E. reinhardtii.
  • Euphorbia similis A.Berger, Sukk. Euphorb.: 69 (1907 publ. 1906); not accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000) Bruyns (2012) and Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Note: new name for Euphorbia natalensis Hort., non Bernh. ex Krauss (1845).
    • Typus: not traced by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837).
    • Type locality: South Africa, Natal?
  • Euphorbia bilocularis N.E.Br., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1.4): 594 (1912)
    • Typus: G. Scheffler 335 ([23 July 1909]; K; isotypi: BM000911283^(JSTOR), G00018248^(JSTOR), PRE0265120-0)
    • Type locality: British East Africa[Kenya]. Machakos Distr., Kibwezi.
  • Euphorbia tozzii Chiov., Fl. Somala 2: 407 (1932); accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000), but not accepted by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia ingens]
    • Typus: R. Tozzi s.n. (December 1901; FT002006; isotypus: K000252882^(JSTOR)).
    • Type locality: Somalia. Upper Juba, Tonata Island, near Alessandra.
  • Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) S.Carter, Kew Bull. 42(3): 681 (1987); accepted by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000), but not accepted by Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837) [cited as Euphorbia candelabrum var. bilocularis]
  • Euphorbia reinhardtii var. bilocularis (N.E.Br.) Oudejans, World Cat. Species Names Published Tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) with their Geogr. Distrib.: 5 (1990)

Misapplied names

• Euphorbia candelabrum auct. non Welw. nec Kotschy, nom. illeg. [= Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.]: Dale & Greenway, Kenya Trees Shrubs: 196 (1961); S.Carter, Kew Bull. 42(3): 680 (1987), pro parte quoad specim. Scheffler 335, excl. syn. E. calycina N.E.Br. [= Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.]; S.Carter in Polhill, Fl. Trop. E, Africa, Euph. (Part 2): 485 (1988); S.Carter in Thulin, Fl. Somalia 1: 325 (1993); M.G.Gilbert in S.Edwards, Mesfin & I.Hedberg, Fl. Ethiopia & Eritrea 2(2): 336 (1995)
  • Note: see Bruyns & Berry (2019: 837).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Burundi, Rwanda, Zaïre Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe Regional: Southern Africa Botswana, Caprivi Strip, KwaZulu-Natal, Swaziland, Northern Provinces References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Boissier, P.E. in De Candolle, A.P. (1862) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 15(2): 87.

Additional references

• Drège, J.F. 1843. Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente. Flora 26 (29). Besondere Beigabe, Band II: 1–230. BHL Reference page. 
• Berger, A. 1907 publ. 1906. Illustrierte Handbücher sukkulenter Pflanzen: Sukkulente Euphorbien. Beschreibung und Anleitung zum Bestimmen der kultivierten Arten, mit kurzen Angaben über di Kultur. Stuttgart. 133 pp. Internet Archive Google Books Reference page. 
• Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. 1909-1913. Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 6 sec.1. Nyctagineae to Euphorbiaceae. 1094 pp. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Dale, I.R. & Greenway, P.J. 1961. Kenya Trees and Shrubs. Nairobi: Buchanan's Kenya Estates and Hatchards. Internet Archive. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2000. World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reference page. 
• Bruyns, P.V. 2012. Nomenclature and typification of southern African species of Euphorbia. Bothalia 42(2): 217–245. DOI: 10.4102/abc.v42i2.23 Reference page. 
• Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. 2019. The nomenclature and application of the names Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. and Euphorbia ingens in tropical Africa. Taxon 68(4): 828–838. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12091 hdl: 2027.42/152821 Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Euphorbia ingens in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 13. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Euphorbia ingens in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 11. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Euphorbia ingens. Published online. Accessed: 11 February 2022.
• IUCN: Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. (Least Concern) - Assessed by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group on 12 June 2018.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Euphorbia ingens. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 11 February 2022.

Vernacular names

English: Candelabra tree
日本語: チュウテンカク
Gĩkũyũ: Gĩthũũri
Türkçe: Şamdan ağacı

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