Euphorbia candelabrum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: Euphorbia candelabrum

Name

Euphorbia candelabrum Welw., Proc. Linn. Soc. London 2: 329 (1855); as Candelabra

Note: authors such as Hiern (1900: 946) and Carter (1985) did not admit validity of publication of this name in 1855 and it was placed under Euphorbia conspicua by Govaerts, Frodin & Radcliffe-Smith (2000). This treatment was refuted by Bruyns & Berry (2019).
Typus: F. Welwitsch 641 (neotypus: LISU223726, designated by Leach 1992: 92; isoneotypi: BM000911284^(JSTOR), COI00096924, G, K000253152^(JSTOR)).
Type locality: Angola. Near Loanda[Luanda].

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Euphorbia conspicua N.E.Br., Fl. Trop. Afr. [Oliver et al.] 6(1.4): 600 (1912), nom. superfl.
  - Typus: F. Welwitsch 641 (holotypus: BM; isotypi: COI, G, K, LISU).

Misapplied names

Euphorbia hermentiana auct. non Lem., Ill. Hort. 5: Misc. 63 (1858) [= Euphorbia trigona Mill.]: Pax, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 34: 72, 375 (1904), pro parte quoad specim. Welwitsch 641
- Note: see Leach (1992: 92).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
Continental: Africa Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

Homonyms

Euphorbia candelabrum Trémaux ex Kotschy, Mitth. K. K. Geogr. Ges. Wien 1(2): 169 (1857), nom. illeg. = Euphorbia murielii N.E.Br.
- Note: this name has been misapplied to East and North-East African populations of Euphorbia ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. since at least early 1980s chiefly by S. Carter; see Bruyns & Berry (2019).

References

Primary references

Welwitsch, F.M.J., 1855. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London 2: 329 (1855).

Additional references

Kotschy, C.G.T. 1857. Allgemeiner Ueberblick der Nilländer und ihrer Pflanzenbekleidung. Mittheilungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geographischen Gesellschaft in Wien 1(2): 156–182. BHL. Reference page.
Hiern, W.P. 1900. Catalogue of the African Plants collected by Dr. F. Welwitsch in 1853-61. [Vol. I.] Dicotyledons, Part IV. Pp 785–1035. London. BHL Reference page.
Thiselton-Dyer, W.T. 1909-1913. Flora of Tropical Africa. Vol. 6 sec.1. Nyctagineae to Euphorbiaceae. 1094 pp. London. BHL Reference page.
Carter, S. 1985. Euphorbia candelabrum, a question of validity (Euphorbiaceae). Taxon 34(4): 699–701. DOI: 10.2307/1222222 JSTOR Reference page.
Leach, L.C. 1992. Euphorbia candelabrum auctt. Collectanea Botanica 21: 91–95. DOI: 10.3989/collectbot.1992.v21.96 Reference page.
Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2000. World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1–4: 1–1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Reference page.
Bruyns, P.V. & Berry, P.E. 2019. The nomenclature and application of the names Euphorbia candelabrum Welw. and Euphorbia ingens in tropical Africa. Taxon 68(4): 828–838. DOI: 10.1002/tax.12091 hdl: 2027.42/152821 Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Euphorbia candelabrum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 12. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Euphorbia candelabrum. Published online. Accessed: 12 February 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Euphorbia candelabrum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 12 February 2022.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Кактус канделабър
Deutsch: Kandelaber-Wolfsmilch
English: Candelabra-tree
hts: Munangare-ko
日本語: エウフォルビア・カンデラブルム
polski: Wilczomlecz kandelabrowy
русский: Молочай канделябровый
svenska: stor kaktuseuforbia