Equisetum arvense

Equisetum arvense sterile shoots; Newcastle, Northumberland, UK

Equisetum arvense strobilus; Aisne, France

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Equisetales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pteridophyta Classis: Equisetopsida Ordo: Equisetales

Familia: Equisetaceae
Genus: Equisetum
Subgenus: E. subg. Equisetum
Species: Equisetum arvense

Name

Equisetum arvense L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.

• Type locality:"Habitat in Europae agris, pratis"
• Lectotype (designated by Jonsell & Jarvis in Nordic J. Bot. 14: 148. 1994): Clayton 341 (BM-000062951).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Allostelites arvensis (L.) Börner, Fl. Deut. Volk 59 (1912).
• Heterotypic
  • Equisetum arvense var. alpestre Wahlenb., Fl. Lapponica 296 (1812).
    • Equisetum arvense f. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Döll, Fl. Baden 1(1): 59 (1855).
    • Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Schönsw. & Elven, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 433 (2008).
    • Equisetum alpestre (Wahlenb.) Landolt, Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010).
  • Equisetum arvense f. agreste (Klinge) E.Baumann, (1911).
  • Equisetum arvense var. arcticum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 3: 21. 1845.
    • Equisetum arvense f. arcticum (Rupr.) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 84 (1938).
  • Equisetum arvense var. arenicola Heimerl, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 31: 184 (1882).
  • Equisetum arvense f. atratidens Lepage, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 755 (1952).
  • Equisetum boreale Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 174 (1832).
    • Equisetum arvense var. boreale (Bong.) Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 174 (1832).
    • Equisetum arvense f. boreale (Bong.) Klinge, Arch. Naturk. Liv- Ehst- Kurlands, Ser. 2, Biol. Naturk. 8: 369 (1882)
    • Equisetum arvense subsp. boreale (Bong.) Tolm., Flora Arct. URSS 1: 46 (1960).
  • Equisetum arvense f. caespitosum J.Rousseau, Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 66 (Ser. Biol. no. 17): 5 (1931).
  • Equisetum calderi B.Boivin, Amer. Fern J. 50: 107 (1960).
  • Equisetum campestre Schultz, Flor. Starg. suppl. 1: 59. 1819.
    • Equisetum arvense f. campestre (Schultz) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 897 (1864).
    • Equisetum arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 2: 192 (1859).
  • Equisetum arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Milde, Monogr. Equiset. (1867), comb. superfl..
  • Equisetum arvense var. coaetaneum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
  • Equisetum arvense subvar. decumbens G.Mey., Chloris Han. 667 (1836).
    • Equisetum arvense var. decumbens (G.Mey.) Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 27 (1843)
    • Equisetum arvense var. decumbens (G.Mey.) Milde, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 26: 421 (1859), comb. superfl..
    • Equisetum arvense f. decumbens (G.Mey.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2. 964 (1845).
  • Equisetum arvense var. diffusum A.A.Eaton, List N. Amer. Pterid. 8, 25 (1901).
    • Equisetum arvense f. diffusum (A.A.Eaton) Clute, Fern Allies 47, 256 (1905).
  • Equisetum arvense var. erectum Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 3: t. 46 (1813).
  • Equisetum arvense var. frondescens Döll, Fl. Baden 1(1): 58. (1855).
  • Equisetum arvense var. granulatum G.Lawson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 7: 561 (1863).
  • Equisetum arvense f. irriguum (Milde) W.F.Christ., (1922).
  • Equisetum arvense f. loennbohmii Dörfl., Jahreskat. Wiener Bot. Tauschanst. 1904: 228 (1904).
  • Equisetum arvense f. macrostachyum A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 87 (1899).
  • Equisetum arvense f. microstachyum A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 87 (1899).
  • Equisetum minus Garsault, Fig. Pl. Med. 2: t. 258 (1764). opus utiq. oppr.
  • Equisetum arvense var. nanum A.Braun ex Döll, Fl. Baden: 59. (1855)
    • Equisetum arvense f. nanum (A.Braun) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
  • Equisetum arvense f. nemorosum A.Braun ex Döll, Rhein. Fl. 27 (1843).
    • Equisetum arvense var. nemorosum (A.Braun ex Döll) A.Braun & Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 46: 83 (1844).
    • Equisetum nemorosum (A.Braun) Bellynck, Fl. Namur 318. 1855.
    • Equisetum arvense f. nemorosum (A.Braun) Murr, Neue Uebersicht Farn- & Blütenpfl. Vorarlb.: 11 (1923), comb. superfl..
  • Equisetum arvense var. nudum Milde exc Farw., Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci 6: 209 (1904).
  • Equisetum polycladum Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. 16 (1814).
  • Equisetum arvense var. polystachyon A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 88 (1899).
    • Equisetum arvense f. polystachyon (A.A.Eaton) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
  • Equisetum arvense monstr. proliferum Luerss., Farnpflanzen 3: 701 (1888).
    • Equisetum arvense var. proliferum (Luerss.) Farw., Amer. Fern J. 27: 16 (1937).
    • Equisetum arvense f. proliferum (Luerss.) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
  • Equisetum arvense f. pseudoalpestre Vict., Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 9: 36, fig. 5, 116 (1927).
  • Equisetum arvense f. pseudonemorosum B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 18 (1951).
  • Equisetum arvense f. pseudovarium Vict., Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 9: 37, 116 (1927).
  • Equisetum arvense var. ramosissimum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
  • Equisetum arvense var. ramulosum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 3: 19 (1845).
    • Equisetum arvense f. ramulosum (Rupr.) Klinge, Arch. Naturk. Liv- Ehst- Kurlands, Ser. 2, Biol. Naturk. 8: 369 (1882)
    • Equisetum arvense subsp. ramulosum (Rupr.) W.F.Rapp, Amer. Fern J. 37: 21 (1947).
  • Equisetum riparium Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3(VII–XIII): 167 (1845).
    • Equisetum arvense f. riparium (Fr.) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 897 (1864).
    • Equisetum arvense var. riparium (Fr.) Milde, Monogr. Equiset. 223 (1867).
  • Equisetum arvense var. robustum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
  • Equisetum saxicola Suksd., Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 19: 93 (1901).
  • Equisetum arvense var. triangulare Waters, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. 14: 25 (1895).

Hybrids

• Equisetum × litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr., 1845.
• Equisetum × rothmaleri C.N.Page

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Svalbard (Jan Mayen, Spitsbergen), Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Sicily, Malta), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia). Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States (Estonia, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Lithuania), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria (doubtful), Morocco. Regional: Macaronesia Azores (Sao Miguel, introduced). Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya. Regional: Russian Far East Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Turkey. Regional: China China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia Regional: Eastern Asia Japan, Korea. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Continental: Australasia (all introduced) Regional: Australia New South Wales, Victoria. Regional: New Zealand New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Continental: Northern America Regional: Subarctic America Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Greenland, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon. Regional: Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico, Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia. Continental: Southern America Regional: Western South America Bolivia.(introduced) Source(s) of checklist:  Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Equisetum arvense in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 14. Reference page.  Hassler, M. 2020. World Ferns. Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. (-). Equisetum arvense Accessed: 14 Jun 2020. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1061. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Colomo, S. 2011. La flora della Sardegna, vol. 1, Nuoro, Editrice Archivio fotografico sardo.
• Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 497. Reference page. 
• Zhang, L.-B. & Turland, N.J. 2013. Equisetaceae. Pp. 67–72 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.-Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 2–3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7. efloras PDFReference page. 
• Hauke, R.L. 1993. Equisetaceae. Pp. 76–84 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page. 
• Christenhusz, M.J.M., Bangiolo, L., Chase, M.W., Fay, M.F., Husby, C.E., Witkus, M. & Viruel, J. 2019. Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 189(4): 311–352. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boz002 . Reference page. 

Links

• Hassler, M. 2018. World Ferns. Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. (Version 8.30 – April 2020). Equisetum arvense Accessed: 13 Sep 2018.
• Hassler, M. 2020. Equisetum arvense – World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World . In: Roskov Y., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L. (eds.) 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Equisetum arvense in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2020. Equisetum arvense. Published online. Accessed: Apr 16 2020.
• Tropicos.org 2020. Equisetum arvense. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Apr 2020.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Equisetum arvense in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Equisetum arvense in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16.

Vernacular names

العربية: كنباث الحقول
azərbaycanca: Tarla qatırquyruğu
Boarisch: Kåtznschwoaf
башҡортса: Ҡырҡбыуын үләне
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Хвошч палявы
беларуская: Хвошч палявы
български: Полски хвощ
bosanski: Preslica
català: Cua de cavall petita
kaszëbsczi: Chòszczka
čeština: Přeslička rolní
Cymraeg: Marchrawnen yr ardir
dansk: Agerpadderok
Deutsch: Acker-Schachtelhalm
English: Field Horsetail
Esperanto: Ordinara ekvizeto
español: Cola de caballo del campo
eesti: Põldosi
فارسی: دم‌اسب صحرایی
suomi: Peltokorte
føroyskt: Kannubjølluvísa
français: Prêle des champs
Gaeilge: Scuab eich ghoirt
galego: Xestela
hrvatski: Poljska preslica
hornjoserbsce: Přaska
magyar: Mezei zsurló
հայերեն: Ձիաձետ դաշտային
íslenska: Klóelfting
italiano: Coda cavallina dei campi
日本語: スギナ
қазақша: Улы қырықбуын
한국어: 쇠뜨기
lietuvių: Dirvinis asiūklis
latviešu: Tīruma kosa
монгол: Хээрийн шивлээ
Plattdüütsch: Duwock
Nederlands: Heermoes
norsk: Åkersnelle
Diné bizaad: Ałtį́į́ jikʼáshí áłtsʼózígíí
polski: Skrzyp polny
português: Cavalinha
Runa Simi: Ch'iñi kawallu chupa
armãneashti: Coada-a calui
română: Coada-calului
русский: Хвощ полевой
саха тыла: Хонуу боруута
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Rastavić
slovenščina: Njivska preslica
српски / srpski: Пољски раставић
svenska: Åkerfräken
Türkçe: Tarla atkuyruğu
українська: Хвощ польовий
vepsän kel’: Oravanhänd
Tiếng Việt: Cỏ tháp bút
吴语: 问荆
中文: 问荆

For more multimedia, look at Equisetum arvense on Wikimedia Commons.