Centaurium

Centaurium quadrifolium

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Gentianaceae
Tribus: Chironieae
Subtribus: Chironiinae
Genus: Centaurium
Species: C. ameghinoi – C. barrelieroides – C. bianoris – C. cachanlahuen – C. capense – C. centaurioides – C. chloodes – C. × cicekii – C. cochinchinense – C. compar – C. erythraea – C. favargeri – C. flexuosum – C. intermedium – C. × jolivetinum – C. × litardierei – C. littorale – C. malzacianum – C. maritimum – C. minutissimum – C. portense – C. pulchellum – C. quadrifolium – C. rigualii – C. scilloides – C. serpentinicola – C. tenuiflorum

Source(s) of checklist:
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Centaurium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jul 11. Reference page.

Name

Centaurium Hill, Brit. Herb. 62[–63, pl. 9 [upper left]] (1756).

• Type species: Gentiana centaurium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 229 (1753), designated by A. Melderis in V.H. Heywood, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 229 (1972) sensu Centaurium littorale (D.Turner) Gilmour, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937(10): 498 (1937).

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Centaurella Delarbre, Fl. Auvergne, ed. 2: 28 (1800).
  • Erythraea Reneaulme ex Borkh., Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 28 (1796).
  • Hippocentaurea Schult., Oestr. Fl., ed. 2, 1: 388 (1814).
  • Gonipia Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 23 (1837).
  • Libadion Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 1: 539 (1897).
  • Xanthaea Rchb., Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch: 132 (1841).
  • Monodiella Maire, Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afr. Nord, 34: 137 (1943).

Homonyms

• Centaurium Borkh. = Canscora Lam.
• Centaurium Pers. = Bartonia Muhl. ex Willd.
• Centaurium Haller f. = Centaurea L.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara. Regional: Macaronesia Azores, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Madeira. Regional: West Tropical Africa Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia. Regional: Western Indian Ocean Mauritius, Réunion. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, West Siberia. Regional: Russian Far East Primorye. Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey. Regional: Arabian Peninsula Gulf States, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen. Regional: China Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Xinjiang. Regional: Mongolia Mongolia. Regional: Eastern Asia Taiwan. Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya. Regional: Indo-China Vietnam. Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia. Regional: New Zealand New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Continental: Northern America Regional: Western Canada British Columbia. Regional: Eastern Canada New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. Texas. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Virginia. Regional: Mexico Mexican Pacific Islands, Mexico Northwest. Continental: Southern America Regional: Central America Costa Rica. Regional: Caribbean Bermuda, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Windward Islands. Regional: Western South America Bolivia (doubtfully present), Ecuador (introduced), Peru. Regional: Brazil Brazil Southeast, Brazil South. Regional: Southern South America Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Uruguay. Continental: Antarctic Regional: Subantarctic Islands Falkland Islands. Note: Grey script indicates introduced occurrences. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Hill, J. 1756-1757. The British Herbal: an history of plants and trees, natives of Britain, cultivated for use, or raised for beauty. 533 pp. + 75 pl. London. BHL Reference page. : 62.

Additional references

• Mansion, G. 2004. A new classification of the polyphyletic genus Centaurium Hill (Chironiinae, Gentianaceae): description of the New World endemic Zeltnera, and reinstatement of Gyrandra Griseb. and Schenkia Griseb. Taxon 53(3): 719–740. DOI: 10.2307/4135447 JSTOR PDF Reference page. 
• Mansion, G. & Struwe, L. 2004. Generic delimitation and phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe Chironiinae (Chironieae: Gentianaceae), with special reference to Centaurium: evidence from nrDNA and cpDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32(3): 951–977. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.03.016 ResearchGate Full text not availableReference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Centaurium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jul 11. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Centaurium. Published online. Accessed: Jul 11 2021.
• Tropicos.org 2021. Centaurium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 11 Jul 2021.
• Hassler, M. 2021. Centaurium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jul 11. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Centaurium. Accessed: 11 Jul 2021.

Vernacular names

čeština: zeměžluč
dansk: Tusindgylden
Deutsch: Tausendgüldenkraut
English: Centaury
Esperanto: Centaŭrio
español: Centaurion
eesti: Maasapp
فارسی: قنطوریون
suomi: Sapet
français: Petite centaurée
hornjoserbsce: Wjelezłotowka
magyar: Ezerjófű
հայերեն: Ոսկեհազարուկ
қазақша: Толғақшөп
lietuvių: Širdažolė
Nederlands: Duizendguldenkruid
ирон: Ризæджыгæрдæг
polski: Centuria
русский: Золототысячник
slovenčina: zemežlč
svenska: Arunsläktet
Türkçe: Kantaron
українська: Золототисячник
中文: 百金花属

For more multimedia, look at Centaurium on Wikimedia Commons.