Abelmoschus

Abelmoschus esculentus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malvales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Malvales

Familia: Malvaceae
Subfamilia: Malvoideae
Tribus: Hibisceae
Genus: Abelmoschus
Species: A. angulosus – A. crinitus – A. enbeepeegearense – A. esculentus – A. ficulneus – A. manihot – A. moschatus – A. muliensis – A. sagittifolius – A. tuberculatus
Nothospecies: A. × caillei

Name

Abelmoschus Medik., Malvenfam. 45. (1787)

• Type species: Abelmoschus moschatus Medik. (1787)

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Hibiscus sect. Abelmoschus (Medik.) DC., Prodr. 1: 449. 1824.
  • Hibiscus sect. Abelmoschus (Medik.) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 1(1).: 208. 1862, nom. superfl.

• Heterotypic
  • Bamia R.Br. ex Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 1: 39. 1830, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Bamia R.Br., Bot. Mag. 41: sub t. 1702. 1815, nom. inval.
    • Type species: non design.
  • Hymenocalyx Zenker, Pl. Ind. 8. t. 10. 1835.
    • Type species: H. variabilis Zenker

Note:

The genus is nested within Hibiscus and cannot be maintained unless Hibiscus is split into several genera (Pfeil & al. 2002). However, this is not accepted and most authorities maintain its segregation pending further work - see Hassler (2018).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-temperate Regional: Indian subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya Regional: Indo-China China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Taiwan Continental: Asia-tropical Regional: Southeastern Asia Bismarck Archipelago. Borneo, Christmas, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Regional: Indo-China Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Continental: Africa Regional: Eastern Africa Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Queensland, Somalia, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia Introduced into: Alabama, Albania, Aldabra, Andaman Is., Angola, Bahamas, Belize, Benin, Bulgaria, Burkina, Cabinda, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Cayman Is., Central African Repu, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, Florida, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Illinois, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Kazan-retto, Korea, Krym, KwaZulu-Natal, Leeward Is., Liberia, Line Is., Louisiana, Maldives, Mali, Marianas, Marshall Is., Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Nansei-shoto, New Caledonia, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Niue, North Carolina, Northern Provinces, Ogasawara-shoto, Oman, Peru, Puerto Rico, Romania, Réunion, Samoa, Santa Cruz Is., Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Society Is., Solomon Is., South Carolina, South European Russi, Southwest Caribbean, Sudan, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Ukraine, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Virginia, Wallis-Futuna Is., Windward Is., Zaïre, Zimbabwe References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Medikus, F.K. 1787. Ueber Einige Künstliche Geschlecter aus der Malven-Familie 45.

Additional references

• Hinsley, S.R. 2013. Abelmoschus Notes. Malvaceae Info. Accessed: 2013 Feb 17 [1].
• Pfeil, B.E., Brubaker, C.L., Craven, L.A., Crisp, M.D. 2002. Phylogeny of Hibiscus and the Tribe Hibisceae (Malvaceae) Using Chloroplast DNA Sequences of ndhF and the rpl16 Intron. Systematic Botany 27 (2): 333–350.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Abelmoschus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 May 22. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2018. Abelmoschus. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Jan. 20. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Abelmoschus. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 20 2018.
• Mansfeld's World Database of Agriculture and Horticultural Crops (1998 onwards) IPK Gatersleben. Accessed: 2012 Feb 19.

Vernacular names

English: Okra
suomi: Okrat

For more multimedia, look at Abelmoschus on Wikimedia Commons.